RESUMO
Anxiety/pain is a combined experience that can hinder dental treatment in children and lead to the development of negative behaviours in any form of surgical treatment. Hypnosis is a suitable option with which to reduce anxiety and pain during dental treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of hypnosis compared to the tell/show/do technique for the reduction of anxiety and pain as measured by Face, Legs, Activity, Crying, Consolability (FLACC) scale in children undergoing pulpotomies. We performed a randomized and controlled clinical trial involving 60 children aged 5 to 7 years without previous dental experiences but with clinical and radiographic indications for pulpotomy in the primary mandibular right or left first or second molar. The children were divided into two groups: a control group (treated by conventional behaviour management techniques) and an experimental group (treated by hypnosis). The FLACC scale was used to evaluate anxiety/pain during preoperative, transoperative and postoperative pulpotomy treatment; we also analysed variations in heart rate and skin conductance. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03739346). Statistical analysis was performed in R Studio version 1.2.1335. The FLACC scale was significantly lower in the experimental group (p = 0.022) throughout the entire treatment duration. In addition, heart rate and global skin conductance were both significantly lower in the experimental group when measured at different times (p = 0.005 and p = 0.032, respectively). When compared to conventional behavioural management techniques, the FLACC scale demonstrated that hypnosis was associated with significant reductions in heart rate, skin conductance and anxiety/pain throughout the entire duration of treatment. decreases anxiety/pain during the entire operative procedure. There was clear improvements in anxiety and pain control in patients receiving hypnotic therapy.
Assuntos
Hipnose , Pulpotomia , Criança , Humanos , Dor , Ansiedade/terapia , Manejo da Dor/métodosRESUMO
Abstract The purpose of the present study was to identify sociodemographic and psychological variables related to self-care and quality of life in Mexican adults with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. A cross-sectional design was used in a sample of 60 people (93% women) aged between 36 and 66 years ( M = 54.3, SD = 4.71) attached to the public health system in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Self-care, self-efficacy, knowledge about diabetes, anxiety, depression and quality of life were measured using the EECAC, EAG, DKQ-24, AMAS, BDI-II and SF-36 scales. For data processing, a linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the impact of the measured variables on self-care and quality of life. In general, the model explained 33.9% of the variance of self-care through the variables depression (β = -.27) and self-efficacy (β = .74). The 56% variance in quality of life related to physical health was explained by the variables depression (ß = -34) and self-care ( β = .34). In their mental health component, 43.4% of variance in quality of life was explained through anxiety (β = -.26) and depression ( β = -.40). Finally, the positive perception of self-efficacy and health status free from anxiety and depression were determinant factors for self-care and health-related quality of life.
Resumo O propósito deste trabalho foi identificar as variáveis sociodemográficas e psicológicas relacionadas com o autocuidado e a qualidade de vida em adultos mexicanos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Utilizou-se um desenho transversal numa amostra de 60 pessoas (93 % mulheres) entre 36 e 66 anos (M = 54.3, DP = 4.71), vinculadas ao sistema de saúde pública em San Luis Potosí, México. Foram medidas as variáveis de autocuidado, autoeficácia, conhecimento em diabetes, ansiedade, depressão e qualidade de vida com a aplicação das escalas EECAC, EAG, DKQ-24, AMAS, BDI-II e SF-36. Na análise de resultados, utilizou-se a análise de regressão linear para avaliar o impacto das variáveis medidas sobre o autocuidado e a qualidade de vida. Em geral, o modelo explicou 33.9 % da variação do autocuidado por meio das variáveis depressão (β = -.27) e autoeficácia (β = .74). 56 % de variação em qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde física foram explicadas a partir das variáveis depressão (β = -.34) e autocuidado (β = .34). Em seu componente de saúde mental, 43.4 % da variação em qualidade de vida foram explicadas por meio da ansiedade (β = -.26) e da depressão (β = -.40). Finalmente, a percepção positiva de autoeficácia e o estado de saúde livre de ansiedade e depressão foram fatores determinantes para o autocuidado e a qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde.
Resumen El propósito del presente trabajo fue identificar las variables sociodemográficas y psicológicas relacionadas con el autocuidado y la calidad de vida en adultos mexicanos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Se utilizó un diseño transversal en una muestra de 60 personas (93 % mujeres) entre 36 y 66 años de edad (M = 54.3, DE = 4.71) adscritas al sistema de salud pública en San Luis Potosí, México. Se midieron las variables de autocuidado, autoeficacia, conocimientos en diabetes, ansiedad, depresión y calidad de vida con la aplicación de las escalas EECAC, EAG, DKQ-24, AMAS, BDI-II y SF-36. En el análisis de resultados se utilizó un análisis de regresión lineal para evaluar el impacto de las variables medidas sobre el autocuidado y la calidad de vida. En general, el modelo explicó 33.9 % de la variación del autocuidado a través de las variables depresión (β = -.27) y autoeficacia (β = .74). El 56 % de variación en calidad de vida relacionada con la salud física se explicó a partir de las variables se explicó a través de la ansiedad (β = -.26) y la depresión (β = -.40). Finalmente, la percepción positiva de autoeficacia y el estado de salud libre de ansiedad y depresión resultaron ser factores determinantes para el autocuidado y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud.