RESUMO
We describe substantial variant diversity among 23 detected SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage viruses cocirculating among healthcare workers and inpatients (272 sequenced samples) from Porto Alegre, Brazil, during November 2022-January 2023. BQ.1 and related lineages (61.4%) were most common, followed by BE.9 (19.1%), first described in November 2022 in the Amazon region.
Assuntos
Pessoal de Saúde , Hospitais , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pacientes Internados , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
We developed a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry method for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in saliva-gargle samples using Shimadzu MALDI-TOF mass spectrometers in the UK. This was validated in the USA to CLIA-LDT standards for asymptomatic infection detection remotely via sharing protocols, shipping key reagents, video conferencing, and data exchange. In Brazil, more so than in the UK and USA, there is a need to develop non-PCR-dependent, rapid, and affordable SARS-CoV-2 infection screening tests that also identify variant SARS-CoV-2 and other virus infections. In addition, travel restrictions necessitated remote collaboration with validation on the available clinical MALDI-TOF-the Bruker Biotyper (microflex® LT/SH)-and on nasopharyngeal swab samples, as salivary gargle samples were not available. The Bruker Biotyper was shown to be almost log103 more sensitive at the detection of high molecular weight spike proteins. A protocol for saline swab soaks out was developed, and duplicate swab samples collected in Brazil were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. The swab collected sample spectra that varied from that of saliva-gargle in three additional mass peaks in the mass region expected for IgG heavy chains and human serum albumin. A subset of clinical samples with additional high mass, probably spike-related proteins, were also found. Further, spectral data comparisons and analysis, subjected to machine learning algorithms in order to resolve RT-qPCR positive from RT-qPCR negative swab samples, showed 56-62% sensitivity, 87-91% specificity, and a 78% agreement with RT-qPCR scoring for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
RESUMO
This study determined the occurrence of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae (FLA) and bacteria associated with amoebae in air-conditioning cooling towers in southern Brazil. Water samples were collected from 36 cooling systems from air-conditioning in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The organisms were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing automated. The results showed that these aquatic environments, with variable temperature, are potential "hot spots" for emerging human pathogens like free-living amoebae and bacteria associated. In total, 92% of the cooling-tower samples analyzed were positive for FLA, and Acanthamoeba was the dominant genus by culture and PCR. Amoebal isolates revealed intracellular bacteria in 39.3% of them and all were confirmed as members of the genus Pseudomonas. The results obtained show the important role of cooling towers as a source of amoebae-associated pathogens.
Assuntos
Acanthamoeba/isolamento & purificação , Acanthamoeba/microbiologia , Pseudomonas/isolamento & purificação , Microbiologia da Água , Ar Condicionado , Brasil/epidemiologia , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Prevalência , Análise de Sequência de DNAAssuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Acinetobacter/diagnóstico , Acinetobacter baumannii/enzimologia , beta-Lactamases/genética , Infecções por Acinetobacter/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Traqueia/microbiologia , Resistência beta-Lactâmica/genéticaAssuntos
Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Bordetella pertussis/isolamento & purificação , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/diagnóstico , Coqueluche/diagnóstico , Brasil , Portador Sadio , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/microbiologia , Nasofaringe/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseAssuntos
Infecções por Acinetobacter/diagnóstico , Acinetobacter baumannii/enzimologia , beta-Lactamases/genética , Infecções por Acinetobacter/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Traqueia/microbiologia , Resistência beta-Lactâmica/genéticaAssuntos
Bordetella pertussis/isolamento & purificação , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/diagnóstico , Coqueluche/diagnóstico , Brasil , Portador Sadio , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/microbiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Nasofaringe/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseAssuntos
Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Infecções por Klebsiella/epidemiologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzimologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , beta-Lactamases/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Infecções por Klebsiella/urina , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
This study determined the prevalence of metallo-â-lactamase (MBL)-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in two hospitals located in the Southern part of Brazil and compare the performance of two different phenotypic tests. Thirty-one non-repetitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from various clinical samples from patients admitted to two hospitals located in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (twenty-three from a hospital in Porto Alegre City and eight isolates from a hospital in Vale dos Sinos Region). All strains suggestive of possessing MBLs by phenotypic methods were included in this study. Phenotypic detection of MBLs was carried out simultaneously by using both the MBL Etest® and disk approximation test using 2-mercaptopropionic acid close to a ceftazidime disk. Strains positive were further confirmed using molecular techniques for blaVIM, blaIMP and blaSPM-1. The prevalence of MBLs from samplesof inpatients from the hospital located in Porto Alegre was 30.4 percent and that of inpatients from Vale dos Sinos hospital was only 3.1 percent. Only MBL type SPM-1 was detected in these samples by molecular analysis and all were detected by the Etest® MBL strips. The prevalence of P. aeruginosa that produce MBLs can be markedly different in distinct geographical areas, even among different hospitals in the same area. In our study, the EDTA-based method was the only method able to detect all strains harboring the SPM-1 enzyme.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/enzimologia , beta-Lactamases/biossíntese , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Brasil , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Fenótipo , Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
This study determined the prevalence of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in two hospitals located in the Southern part of Brazil and compare the performance of two different phenotypic tests. Thirty-one non-repetitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from various clinical samples from patients admitted to two hospitals located in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (twenty-three from a hospital in Porto Alegre City and eight isolates from a hospital in Vale dos Sinos Region). All strains suggestive of possessing MBLs by phenotypic methods were included in this study. Phenotypic detection of MBLs was carried out simultaneously by using both the MBL Etest and disk approximation test using 2-mercaptopropionic acid close to a ceftazidime disk. Strains positive were further confirmed using molecular techniques for bla(VIM), bla(IMP) and bla(SPM-1). The prevalence of MBLs from samples of inpatients from the hospital located in Porto Alegre was 30.4% and that of inpatients from Vale dos Sinos hospital was only 3.1%. Only MBL type SPM-1 was detected in these samples by molecular analysis and all were detected by the Etest MBL strips. The prevalence of P. aeruginosa that produce MBLs can be markedly different in distinct geographical areas, even among different hospitals in the same area. In our study, the EDTA-based method was the only method able to detect all strains harboring the SPM-1 enzyme.
Assuntos
Pseudomonas aeruginosa/enzimologia , beta-Lactamases/biossíntese , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Brasil , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Fenótipo , Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
A chlamydia trachomatis é uma bactéria sexualmente transmissível, de grande impacto reprodutivo das mulheres. O diagnóstico é crítico à frequencia de infecções assintomáticas. As técnicas de reação em cadeia da polimerase - PCR - apresentam maior sensibilidade do que os testes de imunodetecção, mas são de alto custo qunado comerciais
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Chlamydia trachomatis , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Doença Inflamatória Pélvica/diagnósticoRESUMO
O objetivo deste artigo é revisar e comentar as vantagens e desvantagens dos diferentes tipos de testes de detecçäo de Chlamydia trachomatis na rotina de laboratórios clínicos, com ênfase nas técnicas de amplificaçäo. A Chlamydia trachomatis é considerada a bactéria sexualmente transmissível mais freqüente em países desenvolvidos e de grande impacto no sistema reprodutivo das mulheres. É o agente causador de doenças do trato urogenital, linfogranuloma venéreo (LGV), tracoma, conjutivite de inclusäo e pneumonia no recémðnascido. Um dos fatores de risco para a infecçäo é a prática sexual entre adolescentes. A recorrência das infecções é comum. Episódios sucessivos de infecçäo aumentam o risco de desenvolver seqüelas e a chance de contrair a infecçäo pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana. O dignóstico da infecçäo pela Chlamydia trachomatis ainda é crítico, devido à freqüência de infecções assintomáticas. As técnicas de amplificaçäo de ácidos nucléicos permitem utilizar urina para a detecçäo da clamídia, simplificando a coleta. Apresentam maior sensibilidade do que a cultura e do que os testes mais utilizados, como a imunofluorescência direta e o enzimaimunoensaio. A cultura celular, utilizada como padräoðouro, tem especificidade de 100 por cento e sensibilidade de 70 por cento a 85 por cento. De acordo com o Centers for Disease Control (CDC), um diagnóstico é considerado definitivo quando positivo em cultura ou em pelo menos dois testes näoðculturais distintos. Os testes de amplificaçäo säo mais dispendiosos do que os demais testes näoðculturais, mas de menor custo que a cultura