RESUMO
The prevalence of fleas and gastrointestinal parasites in free-roaming and domestic cats in central Mexico was evaluated. Three hundred and fifty eight cats captured in the street or brought in by owners to the Animal Control Center Unit, a unit of State Government, from June 2010 to May 2011, were included in the study. All cats were examined for the presence of fleas and gastrointestinal worms. One-hundred and ninety (53%) cats were infested with at least one flea species. Single infestations were observed in 106 (30%) cats and mixed infestations in 84 (23%) cats. Four species of fleas were recovered: Ctenocephalides felis in 53% of the cats, C. canis in 18%, Echidnophaga gallinacea in 7% and Pulex irritans in 1%. One-hundred and sixty three (45%) cats were infected with one or more species of gastrointestinal parasites: 48 (13%) with nematodes, 145 (40%) with cestodes, and one animal presented Moniliformis moniliformis. Prevalences and mean intensity of infection were: Physaloptera praeputialis 7 and 18; T. cati 3 and 2; Ancylostoma tubaeforme 2.5 and 2; Toxascaris leonina 0.5 and 2; Dipylidium caninum 36 and 32; Taenia taeniformis 4 and 3 and Moniliformis moniliformis 0.3 and 106, respectively. There was significant association (P<0.01), between season and ectoparasites load, more fleas were obtained in the summer and autumn than in the winter and spring; however, no statistical difference was observed for endoparasites load (P>0.05). The correlation between the total number of ectoparasites and endoparasites was not significant (r = 0.089, P = 0.094).
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Infecções por Cestoides/veterinária , Ctenocephalides , Infestações por Pulgas/veterinária , Helmintíase Animal/epidemiologia , Animais , Doenças do Gato/parasitologia , Gatos , Cestoides , Infecções por Cestoides/epidemiologia , Infecções por Cestoides/parasitologia , Feminino , Infestações por Pulgas/epidemiologia , Infestações por Pulgas/parasitologia , Helmintíase Animal/parasitologia , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Carga Parasitária , Animais de Estimação , Prevalência , Estações do Ano , Sifonápteros , ToxocaraRESUMO
The damage to the tegument of 3-week-old Fasciola hepatica was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) following treatment with the 5-chloro-2-methylthio-6-(1-naphtyloxy)-1H-benzimidazole (called compound alpha) in its natural host. For the present study, flukes were raised in pelibuey sheep infected orally with metacercariae of F. hepatica; the parasites were recovered from the liver of the sacrificed sheep after 6, 12 and 24 h of treatment with compound alpha. At 6 h of treatment, the flukes showed some lesions on the ventral surface of the anterior region, such as a swollen tegument and blebs. At 12 h after treatment, the specimens showed structural disorganization and spine loss in the ventral anterior region. The tegument of the flukes treated for 24 h was completely lost in some areas of the ventral surface, leaving an exposed basal lamina. The tegument of immature F. hepatica might be a target organ for compound alpha to exert its fasciolicide effect.
Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos/farmacologia , Epiderme/efeitos dos fármacos , Fasciola hepatica/efeitos dos fármacos , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Naftalenos/farmacologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/parasitologia , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/administração & dosagem , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Epiderme/ultraestrutura , Fasciola hepatica/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fasciola hepatica/ultraestrutura , Fasciolíase/tratamento farmacológico , Fasciolíase/parasitologia , Fasciolíase/veterinária , Imidazóis/administração & dosagem , Imidazóis/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Naftalenos/administração & dosagem , Naftalenos/uso terapêutico , Doenças dos Ovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Our objective was to determine by scanning electron microscopy the structural changes in the tegument of adult Fasciola hepatica after treatment with 5-chloro-2-methylthio-6-(1-naphtyloxy)-1 H-benzimidazole, called compound alpha, and its active metabolite sulphoxide, under in vitro and in vivo conditions. For the in vitro studies, flukes from sheep were exposed to 40 mg/l of compound alpha-sulphoxide over different incubation times. Flukes for the in vivo studies were raised in sheep treated orally with compound alpha and killed at different times post-treatment. Non-treated controls were included for each time of incubation. The results showed lesions after 6 h of treatment, such as swelling and furrows. At 12 h, the spines appeared to be surrounded by the tegument. At 24 h the tegument in some areas showed an exposed basal lamina. These changes became more severe as the incubation periods of the treated flukes increased. Compound alpha exerts a significant effect on the tegument of F. hepatica.