RESUMO
Infectious arthritis or tenosynovitis in broiler and breeder chickens results in major loss of productivity because of reduced growth and downgrading at processing plants. The most common causative agents of avian infectious arthritis are the bacterium Mycoplasma synoviae and avian reoviruses (ARVs) (family Reoviridae, genus Orthoreovirus). In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of these two pathogens in arthritis or tenosynovitis lesions of broilers and breeder flocks in southern Brazil using molecular detection. Tissue sections from tibiotarsal joints with visible lesions from 719 broilers and 505 breeders were analysed using pathogen-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. In breeders, 41.2% (n = 296) of lesions were positive for M. synoviae, 26.4% (n = 190) were positive for ARV, while co-infection was present in 12.2% (n = 88) of the samples. In broilers, 20.8% (n = 105) of lesions were positive for M. synoviae, 11.9% (n = 60) for ARV and 7.7% (n = 39) of these cases were positive for both pathogens. Post-mortem examination revealed lesions with varying degrees of gross pathological severity. Histopathological examination showed intense, diffuse lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrates with heterophil accumulation, primarily in the synovial capsule and digital flexor tendon, in all samples. Improved strategies for early detection and control of these major avian pathogens are highly desirable for preventing the spread of infection and reducing economic losses in the poultry industry.
Assuntos
Artrite/veterinária , Infecções por Mycoplasma/veterinária , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Infecções por Reoviridae/veterinária , Tenossinovite/veterinária , Animais , Artrite/epidemiologia , Artrite/microbiologia , Artrite/patologia , Autopsia/veterinária , Brasil , Galinhas , Infecções por Mycoplasma/epidemiologia , Infecções por Mycoplasma/patologia , Mycoplasma synoviae/isolamento & purificação , Orthoreovirus Aviário/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/epidemiologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/virologia , Infecções por Reoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Reoviridae/patologia , Tenossinovite/epidemiologia , Tenossinovite/microbiologia , Tenossinovite/patologiaRESUMO
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of three common hemoparasites (Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina) in cattle from 16 counties in the Campos de Lages region, Santa Catarina state, Brazil, and the factors affecting disease occurrence. The study population consisted of 257 clinically healthy animals from 21 rural farms. Bovine blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture. DNA was extracted from whole blood by the phenol/ chloroform method. Genomic DNA extracted from blood samples was subjected to Multiplex PCR for screening of B. bovis, B. bigemina, and A. marginale using specific primers. Prevalences of A. marginale, B. bigemina, and B. bovis were 27%, 16%, and 29%, respectively. Mixed infection was observed in 17.5% of samples. The most frequent was Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in 6.62% of samples. A. marginale infection rates were statistically correlated with age groups of cattle. The infections detected in the study population were considered to be subclinical, based on the presence pathogen DNA and absence of clinical symptoms. Seasonality of the pathogens resulted in various degrees of infection, related to the age of the animals and the season. The Campos de Lages region is characterized by enzootic instability for these pathogens because of its climatic and geographic features.
RESUMO
METHODS: All 16 KPIs were analyzed, including the percentage of patients admitted to the stroke unit, venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in the first 48 hours after admission, pneumonia and hospital mortality due to stroke, and hospital discharge on antithrombotic therapy in patients without cardioembolic mechanism. RESULTS: Both centers admitted over 80% of the patients in their stroke unit. The incidence of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis was > 85%, that of in-hospital pneumonia was < 13%, the hospital mortality for stroke was < 15%, and the hospital discharge on antithrombotic therapy was > 70%. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest using the parameters of all of the 16 KPIs required by the Ministry of Health of Brazil, and the present results for the two stroke units for future benchmarking.
Assuntos
Benchmarking/normas , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/normas , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde/normas , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Benchmarking/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Humanos , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/mortalidadeRESUMO
ABSTRACT The present study aimed to analyze the stroke units in two centers for the key performance indicators (KPIs) required by the Ministry of Health in Brazil. Methods All 16 KPIs were analyzed, including the percentage of patients admitted to the stroke unit, venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in the first 48 hours after admission, pneumonia and hospital mortality due to stroke, and hospital discharge on antithrombotic therapy in patients without cardioembolic mechanism. Results Both centers admitted over 80% of the patients in their stroke unit. The incidence of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis was > 85%, that of in-hospital pneumonia was < 13%, the hospital mortality for stroke was < 15%, and the hospital discharge on antithrombotic therapy was > 70%. Conclusion Our results suggest using the parameters of all of the 16 KPIs required by the Ministry of Health of Brazil, and the present results for the two stroke units for future benchmarking.
RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar os indicadores de qualidade (IQ) exigidos pelo Ministério da Saúde no Brasil em duas unidades de AVC. Métodos Foram analisados os 16 IQ, incluindo a percentagem de pacientes internados na unidade de AVC, profilaxia de tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) nas primeiras 48 horas após a admissão; pneumonia e mortalidade hospitalar e alta hospitalar em terapia antitrombótica (TAT) em pacientes sem mecanismo cardioembólico. Resultados Ambos os centros admitiram mais de 80% dos pacientes na unidade de AVC. A profilaxia do TEV foi realizada em mais de 85% dos casos; a pneumonia hospitalar foi inferior a 13%; a mortalidade hospitalar foi menor que 15% e a alta hospitalar em uso de TAT foi acima de 70%. Conclusão O presente estudo sugere os parâmetros dos 16 IQ exigidos pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil e os resultados obtidos em duas unidades de AVC para avaliação comparativa futura
Assuntos
Humanos , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/normas , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Benchmarking/normas , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde/normas , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil , Estudos Retrospectivos , Benchmarking/estatística & dados numéricos , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/mortalidadeRESUMO
Outbreaks of tick-borne disease cases in Santa Catarina, Brazil are known, but the presence of the pathogen DNA has never been determined. In this study, the first survey of Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, and Babesia bovis DNA on blood samples of 33 cattle from an outbreak in Ponte Alta Municipality, Santa Catarina, Brazil, has been carried out. A multiplex PCR detected 54.5% of animals were co-infected with 2 or 3 parasites, while 24.2% were infected with only 1 species. The most prevalent agent was B. bigemina (63.6%) followed by A. marginale (60.6%). This is the first report of tick-borne disease pathogens obtained by DNA analysis in Southern Brazil.