RESUMO

Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) is a common step for treating infertile couples undergoing assisted reproductive technologies and in female fertility preservation cycles. In some cases, undergoing multiple COHs is required for couples to conceive. Behavioral changes such as anxiety and depression can be caused by ovulation-inducing drugs. Sex steroids play a role in locomotor activity, behavioral changes, and nociception, specifically during fluctuations and sudden drops in estrogen levels. This study evaluated the effect of repeated ovarian hyperstimulation (ROH) on weight, locomotor activity, anxiety-like and depression-like behavior, and nociception in female mice. The animals were divided into two groups: control (placebo; Control) and treated (ROH; Treatment). Ovulation was induced once weekly for 10 consecutive weeks. Locomotor activity (open field test), anxiety-like behavior (elevated plus maze, hole board, and marble burying tests), depression-like behavior (splash and forced swim tests), and nociception (hot plate and Von Frey tests) were evaluated before and after ROH. Statistical analysis was conducted using two-way analysis of variance to evaluate the effects of ROH, age of mice, and their interaction. The results suggested that ROH contributed to weight gain, increased locomotor activity, and induced depression-like behavior in female mice. Furthermore, the age of the mouse contributed to weight gain, increased locomotor activity, and induced anxiety-like and depression-like behavior in female mice. ROH could change the behavior of female mice, particularly inducing depression-like behavior. Further studies are required to evaluate various COH protocols, specifically with drugs that prevent fluctuations and drastic drops in estrogen levels, such as aromatase inhibitors.

Assuntos

Ansiedade , Depressão , Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Indução da Ovulação/métodos , Nociceptividade/fisiologia , Locomoção/fisiologia , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Peso Corporal/fisiologia

RESUMO

The effects on the structure, valence state and morphological properties of FeCo-containing SnO2 nanostructured solids were investigated. The physicochemical features were tuned by distinct synthesis routes e.g., sol-gel, coprecipitation and nanocasting, to apply them as catalysts in the glycerol valorization to cyclic acetals. Based on Mössbauer and XPS spectroscopy results, all nanosized FeCoSn solids have Fe-based phases, which contain Co and Sn included in the structure, and well-dispersed Fe3+ and Fe2+ surface active sites. Raman, FTIR and EPR spectroscopies measurements of the spent solids demonstrated structural stability for the sol-gel based solid, which is indeed responsible for the highest catalytic performance, among the nanocasted and coprecipitated counterparts. Morphological and elemental analyses illustrated distinct morphologies and composition on solid surface, depending on the synthesis route. The Fe/Co and Fe/Sn surface ratios are closely related to the catalytic performance. The improved glycerol conversion and selectivities of the solid obtained by sol-gel method was ascribed to the leaching resistance and the Sn action as a structural promoter.

RESUMO

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by a set of behavioral, cognitive, nutritional, and physiological phenomena derived from the uncontrolled use of alcoholic beverages. There are cases in which AUD is associated with anxiety disorder, and when untreated, it requires careful pharmacotherapy. Blue Calm® (BC) is a food supplement indicated to aid restorative sleep, which has traces of medicinal plant extracts, as well as myo-inositol, magnesium bisglycinate, taurine, and L-tryptophan as its main chemical constituents. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of the BC in the treatment alcohol withdrawal-induced anxiety in adult zebrafish (aZF). Initially, BC was submitted to antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical. Subsequently, the aZF (n = 6/group) were treated with BC (0.1 or 1 or 10 mg/mL; 20 µL; p.o.), and the sedative effect and acute toxicity (96 h) were evaluated. Then, the anxiolytic-like effect and the possible GABAergic mechanism were analyzed through the Light & Dark Test. Finally, BC action was evaluated for treating alcohol withdrawal-induced anxiety in aZF. Molecular docking was performed to evaluate the interaction of the major chemical constituents of BC with the GABAA receptor. BC showed antioxidant potential, a sedative effect, was not toxic, and all doses of BC had an anxiolytic-like effect and showed potential for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal-induced anxiety in aZF. In addition to the anxiolytic action, the main chemical constituents of BC were confirmed in the molecular docking, thus suggesting that BC is an anxiolytic that modulates the GABAergic system and has pharmacological potential for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal-induced anxiety.

Assuntos

Alcoolismo , Ansiolíticos , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias , Animais , Peixe-Zebra/fisiologia , Ansiolíticos/farmacologia , Ansiolíticos/uso terapêutico , Ansiedade/induzido quimicamente , Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Ansiedade/psicologia , Alcoolismo/tratamento farmacológico , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/tratamento farmacológico , Receptores de GABA-A , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Transtornos de Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Suplementos Nutricionais , Hipnóticos e Sedativos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Bone fractures constitute a frequent cause of emergency care in the pediatric population. Opioid drugs are routinely used for analgesia during the hospitalization of children victims of trauma. Few studies have evaluated the importance of a multimodal approach to analgesia in this context. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic effect and possible side effects of fentanyl compared to those of ketamine. METHODS: The study analyzed 50 children and adolescents, aged between 24 and 192 months, submitted to surgical treatment of upper limb fractures in a tertiary trauma care hospital. The participants were randomized into two groups: one that received Ketamine and the other Fentanyl. In the post-anesthetic recovery room (PARR), pain intensity and the occurrence of delirium were measured for a period of 30 minutes. The incidence of respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting and other side effects during the surgical procedure were assessed. RESULTS: The sample consisted mostly of male individuals (76.0%). The mean age of the participants was 90.1 months. The use of a low-flow oxygen cannula was necessary in 30.0% of the participants. The incidence of vomiting and laryngospasm was 2.0% among the participants, and 6.0% presented increased salivary secretion. The occurrence of pain, delirium and respiratory depression was not different between the two assessed groups, as well as the occurrence of nausea and laryngospasm. CONCLUSION: Ketamine is not an effective and safe option to opioids for analgesia in children undergoing surgical procedures to treat upper limb fractures.

---

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As fraturas ósseas constituem causa frequente de atendimento de emergência na população pediátrica. Fármacos opioides são rotineiramente utilizados para analgesia durante a hospitalização de crianças vítimas de trauma. Poucos estudos avaliaram a importância de uma abordagem multimodal para analgesia nesse contexto. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o efeito analgésico e possíveis efeitos adversos do fentanil em relação aos da cetamina. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 50 crianças e adolescentes, com idade entre 24 e 192 meses, submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico das fraturas de membros superiores em um hospital terciário de atendimento ao trauma. Os participantes foram aleatorizados em dois grupos: um recebeu cetamina e outro fentanil. Na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica (SRPA), a intensidade da dor e a ocorrência de delirium foram mensuradas por um período de 30 minutos. A incidência de depressão respiratória, náuseas, vômitos e outros efeitos adversos durante o procedimento cirúrgico foram avaliados. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta, em sua maioria, por indivíduos do sexo masculino (76,0%). A média de idade dos participantes foi de 90,1 meses. O uso de cânula de oxigênio de baixo fluxo foi necessário em 30,0% dos participantes. A incidência de vômitos e laringoespasmo foi de 2,0% entre os participantes, sendo que 6,0% apresentaram aumento da secreção salivar. A ocorrência de dor, delirium e depressão respiratória não foi diferente entre os dois grupos avaliados, assim como a ocorrência de náuseas e laringoespasmo. CONCLUSAO: Acetamina não se mostrou uma opção eficaz e segura aos opioides para analgesia em crianças submetidas a procedimentos cirúrgicos para tratamento de fraturas de membros superiores.

RESUMO

Bromelain, the main protease enzyme found in the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus), has had its antinociceptive effect previously demonstrated. This investigation aimed to appraise the role of TRP (Transient Receptor Potential) channels in the nociception-relieving effects of bromelain in the orofacial region of adult zebrafish. The animals were pretreated with bromelain (3.0, 10.0 or 30.0 mg/mL; gavage) and submitted to open field and acute orofacial (capsaicin - TRPV1 agonist, cinnamaldehyde - TRPA1 agonist or menthol - TRPM8 agonist) nociception tests. The investigation also explored the contribution of central afferent C-fibers. Naive groups were included for comparison. Bromelain did not independently affect the zebrafish movement patterns. However, bromelain decreased the nociceptive responses elicited by all three TRP channel activators. Capsazepine (TRPV1 inhibitor) and AMTB (TRPM8 inhibitor), but not HC-030031 (TRPA1 inhibitor), prevented the antinociceptive effect of bromelain. Moreover, capsaicin-induced desensitization effectively nullified the antinociceptive effect of bromelain. Collectively, these findings corroborate the therapeutic relevance of bromelain as a suppressor of orofacial nociception, which seems to be intricately connected to the modulation of TRP channels.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: classical models of microsurgical anastomosis training are expensive and have ethical implications. Some alternatives join low cost and easiness to store. However, the translation of knowledge acquired by training in these methods into the traditional ones is not clear. This project aims to assess the feasibility of konjac noodles as a reliable microsurgery-training model. METHODS: 10 neurosurgery residents performed an end-to-end anastomosis in a 2-3mm placenta artery. The anastomoses were evaluated quantitatively, recording time; and qualitatively, applying a validated score (Anastomosis Lapse Index - ALI) by three experienced neurosurgeons and verifying the presence of gross leakage through the infusion of fluorescein. Subsequently, they performed 10 non-consecutive sessions of anastomosis training in the konjac noodle. Eventually, a final anastomosis in the placenta model was performed and the same parameters were scored. RESULTS: we observed a 17min reduction in the mean time to perform the anastomosis in the placenta model after the training in the konjac (p<0.05). There was a non-significant 20% reduction in gross leakage, but the training sessions were not able to consistently improve the ALI score. CONCLUSIONS: we demonstrate a reduction in anastomosis performing time in placental arteries after training sessions in the konjac noodle model, which can be regarded as a feasible low-cost method, particularly useful in centers with surgical microscopes only in the operation room.

Assuntos

Amorphophallus , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Microcirurgia/educação , Placenta/cirurgia , Curva de Aprendizado , Artérias , Anastomose Cirúrgica/métodos , Competência Clínica

RESUMO

Bioactive compounds in plant-based food have protective effects against metabolic alterations, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Bean leaves are widely cultivated in the world and are a source of dietary fiber and polyphenols. High fat/high fructose diet animal models promote deleterious effects in adipose and non-adipose tissues (lipotoxicity), leading to obesity and its comorbidities. Short-term supplementation of bean leaves exhibited anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-obesity effects in high-fat/high-fructose diet animal models. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bean leaves supplementation in the prevention of lipotoxicity in NAFLD and contribute to elucidating the possible mechanism involved for a longer period of time. During thirteen weeks, male Wistar rats (n = 9/group) were fed with: (1) S: Rodent Laboratory Chow 5001® (RLC); (2) SBL: 90% RLC+ 10% dry bean leaves; (3) H: high-fat/high-fructose diet; (4) HBL: H+ 10% of dry bean leaves. Overall, a HBL diet enhanced impaired glucose tolerance and ameliorated obesity, risk factors in NAFLD development. Additionally, bean leaves exerted antioxidant (↑serum GSH) and anti-inflammatory (↓mRNA TNFα in the liver) effects, prevented hepatic fat accumulation by enhanced ↑mRNA PPARα (ß oxidation), and enhanced lipid peroxidation (↓liver MDA). These findings suggest that bean leaves ameliorated hepatic lipotoxicity derived from the consumption of a deleterious diet.

Assuntos

Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Animais , Ratos , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Frutose/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/etiologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Ratos Wistar , Humanos , Masculino

RESUMO

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic postoperative pain (CPP) can be defined as pain that continues for two or more months after surgery, after ruling out other causes. In Brazil, there is a lack of reliable data regarding the incidence of acute and chronic postoperative pain, as well as its impact on patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of anesthesiologists and surgeons regarding the management of CPP. METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted using an online questionnaire distributed to a non-probabilistic convenience sample of anesthesiologists and surgeons. The questionnaire, administered through Google Forms™, consisted of 22 questions covering sociodemographic information, self-assessment of knowledge, therapeutic management of postoperative pain, and the perceived need for further training. Chi-square test or Fisher's Exact test was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The main sociodemographic findings indicate a gender difference (p=0.03) among surgeons. Of 109 participants, most did not have expertise or specialization in pain management (p=0.02) and obtained knowledge about pain and analgesia only after undergraduate courses (p=0.013). Surgeons provided more incorrect answers about the definition of acute pain (p<0.001) and chronic pain (p=0.003) than anesthesiologists. Most participants claim to remember at least two risk factors for the development of chronic pain in surgical patients (p=0.001). Participants did not recommend the use of antidepressants (p=0.024) or antiepileptics (p=0.013) for the treatment of acute pain. Anesthesiologists considered strong opioids adequate to control acute pain (p<0.001). In relation to chronic pain, 70.7% of surgeons and 89.7% of anesthesiologists believed that antiepileptic drugs could be effective in managing this type of pain (p=0.018). Longer training time was related to less study of pain during undergraduate education (p=0.041). CONCLUSION: Surgeons and anesthesiologists showed substantial deficits in knowledge about postoperative pain. It is necessary to reassess the inclusion of the pain subject in medical curricula, and a more practical approach to the topic could greatly benefit future professionals working in this field.

---

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor pós-operatória crônica (DPC) pode ser definida como uma dor que persiste por dois ou mais meses após a cirurgia, após a exclusão de outras causas. No Brasil, faltam dados confiáveis sobre a incidência de dor pós-operatória aguda e crônica, bem como seu impacto nos pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento de anestesiologistas e cirurgiões sobre o manejo da DPC. MÉTODOS: Este estudo observacional transversal foi realizado por meio de um questionário online distribuído a uma amostra não probabilística de conveniência de anestesiologistas e cirurgiões. O questionário, administrado por meio do Google Forms™, consistia em 22 questões abrangendo informações sociodemográficas, autoavaliação do conhecimento, manejo terapêutico da dor pós-operatória e percepção da necessidade de treinamento adicional. O teste Qui-quadrado ou o Exato de Fisher foi utilizado para analisar os dados. RESULTADOS: Os principais achados sociodemográficos indicaram diferença de sexo (p=0,03) entre os cirurgiões. Dos 109 participantes, a maioria não possuía expertise ou especialização no manejo da dor (p=0,02) e obtiveram conhecimento sobre dor e analgesia somente após a graduação (p=0,013). Os cirurgiões forneceram mais respostas incorretas sobre a definição de dor aguda (p<0,001) e dor crônica (p=0,003) do que os anestesiologistas. A maioria dos participantes afirmou se lembrar de ao menos dois fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de dor crônica em pacientes cirúrgicos (p=0,001). Os participantes não recomendaram o uso de antidepressivos (p=0,024) ou antiepilépticos (p=0,013) para o tratamento da dor aguda. Os anestesiologistas consideraram os opioides fortes adequados para o controle da dor aguda (p<0,001). Em relação à dor crônica, 70,7% dos cirurgiões e 89,7% dos anestesiologistas acreditam que os fármacos antiepilépticos podem ser eficazes no controle desse tipo de dor (p=0,018). O maior tempo de formação foi relacionado a um menor estudo da dor durante a graduação (p=0,041). CONCLUSÃO: Cirurgiões e anestesiologistas mostraram déficits substanciais no conhecimento sobre dor pós-operatória. É preciso reavaliar a inclusão do tema da dor nos currículos médicos, e uma abordagem mais prática do tema pode beneficiar muito os futuros profissionais que atuam nessa área.

RESUMO

Melatonin is an endogenous hormone, known as the sleep hormone, which has already demonstrated its antinociceptive effect. This study aimed to evaluate the participation of TRP's channels in the orofacial antinociceptive effect of melatonin (MT) in adult zebrafish. Initially, the open field test was performed to evaluate the effect of MT on the locomotor activity of adult zebrafish. Then, the animals were pre-treated with MT (0.1, 0.3 or 1 mg/mL; gavage) and acute orofacial nociception was induced by the application of capsaicin (TRPV1 agonist), cinnamaldehyde (TRPA1 agonist) or menthol (TRPM8 agonist) applied into the animal's lip. Naive groups were included. MT, per se, did not alter the locomotor activity of the animals. MT reduced the nociceptive behavior induced by the three agonists; however, the most significant effect was obtained with the lowest concentration tested (0.1 mg/mL) in the capsaicin test. The orofacial antinociceptive effect of melatonin was prevented by capsazepine (TRPV1 antagonist), but not by HC-030031 (TRPA1 antagonist). The molecular docking study indicated interaction between MT and the TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPM8 channels and, in line with the in vivo results, there was greater affinity between MT and the TRPV1 channel. The results confirm the pharmacological relevance of melatonin as an inhibitor of orofacial nociception and this effect seems to be related to the modulation of TRP's channels.

Assuntos

Melatonina , Canais de Cátion TRPM , Animais , Peixe-Zebra , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Capsaicina/farmacologia , Melatonina/farmacologia , Canais de Cátion TRPV , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Canal de Cátion TRPA1

RESUMO

Ovarian reserve is a term used to estimate the total number of immature follicles present in the ovaries. Between birth and menopause, there is a progressive decrease in the number of ovarian follicles. Ovarian aging is a continuous physiological phenomenon, with menopause being the clinical mark of the end of ovarian function. Genetics, measured as family history for age at the onset of menopause, is the main determinant. However, physical activity, diet, and lifestyle are important factors that can influence the age of menopause. The low estrogen levels after natural or premature menopause increased the risk for several diseases, resulting in increased mortality risk. Besides that, the decreasing ovarian reserve is associated to reduced fertility. In women with infertility undergoing in vitro fertilization, reduced markers of ovarian reserve, including antral follicular count and anti-Mullerian hormone, are the main indicators of reduced chances of becoming pregnant. Therefore, it becomes clear that the ovarian reserve has a central role in women's life, affecting fertility early in life and overall health later in life. Based on this, the ideal strategy for delaying ovarian aging should have the following characteristics: (1) be initiated in the presence of good ovarian reserve; (2) maintained for a long period; (3) have an action on the dynamics of primordial follicles, controlling the rate of activation and atresia; and (4) safe use in pre-conception, pregnancy, and lactation. In this review, we therefore discuss some of these strategies and its feasibility for preventing a decline in the ovarian reserve.

Assuntos

Longevidade , Ovário , Gravidez , Humanos , Feminino , Ovário/fisiologia , Reprodução/fisiologia , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Fertilidade/fisiologia

RESUMO

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the association between dietary patterns and tumor staging and the degree of cell differentiation in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 136 individuals newly diagnosed with different stages of HNSCC, aged 20- to 80 years-old. Dietary patterns were determined by principal component analysis (PCA), using data collected from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Anthropometric, lifestyle, and clinicopathological data were collected from patients' medical records. Disease staging was categorized as initial stage (stages I and II), intermediary (stage III), and advanced (stage IV). Cell differentiation was categorized as poor, moderate, or well-differentiated. The association of dietary patterns with tumor staging and cell differentiation was evaluated using multinomial logistic regression models and adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: Three dietary patterns, "healthy," "processed," and "mixed," were identified. The "processed" dietary pattern was associated with intermediary (odds ratio (OR) 2.47; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43-4.26; p = 0.001) and advanced (OR 1.78; 95% CI 1.12-2.84; p = 0.015) staging. No association was found between dietary patterns and cell differentiation. CONCLUSION: A high adherence to dietary patterns based on processed foods is associated with advanced tumor staging in patients newly diagnosed with HNSCC.

RESUMO

This study evaluates the pharmacological potential of cis-jasmone (CJ) in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio; aZF). Initially, aZF (n = 6/group) were pretreated (20 µL; p. o.) with CJ (0.1 or 0.3 or 1.0 mg/mL) or vehicle (0.5% Tween 80). The animals were submitted to acute toxicity and locomotion tests, pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure, carrageenan-induced abdominal edema, and cinnamaldehyde-, capsaicin-, menthol-, glutamate-, and acid saline-induced orofacial nociception. The possible mechanisms of anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and antinociceptive action were evaluated. The involvement of central afferent fibers sensitive to cinnamaldehyde and capsaicin and the effect of CJ on the relative gene expression of TRPA1 and TRPV1 in the brain of aZF were also analyzed, in addition to the study of molecular docking between CJ and TRPA1, TRPV1 channels, and GABAA receptors. CJ did not alter the locomotor behavior and showed pharmacological potential in all tested models with no toxicity. The anticonvulsant effect of CJ was prevented by flumazenil (GABAergic antagonist). The anxiolytic-like effect of CJ was prevented by flumazenil and serotonergic antagonists. The antinociceptive effect was prevented by TRPA1 and TRPV1 antagonists. Chemical ablation with capsaicin and cinnamaldehyde prevented the orofacial antinociceptive effect of CJ. Molecular docking studies indicate that CJ interacted with TRPA1, TRPV1, and GABAA receptors. CJ inhibited the relative gene expression of TRPA1 and TRPV1. CJ has pharmacological potential for the treatment of seizures, anxiety, inflammation, and acute orofacial nociception. These effects are obtained by modulating the GABAergic and serotonergic systems, as well as the TRPs and ASIC channels.

Assuntos

Analgésicos , Ansiolíticos , Animais , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Peixe-Zebra/metabolismo , Capsaicina/farmacologia , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Anticonvulsivantes/farmacologia , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Flumazenil , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico , Canais de Cátion TRPV/genética , Canais de Cátion TRPV/metabolismo

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Background: classical models of microsurgical anastomosis training are expensive and have ethical implications. Some alternatives join low cost and easiness to store. However, the translation of knowledge acquired by training in these methods into the traditional ones is not clear. This project aims to assess the feasibility of konjac noodles as a reliable microsurgery-training model. Methods: 10 neurosurgery residents performed an end-to-end anastomosis in a 2-3mm placenta artery. The anastomoses were evaluated quantitatively, recording time; and qualitatively, applying a validated score (Anastomosis Lapse Index - ALI) by three experienced neurosurgeons and verifying the presence of gross leakage through the infusion of fluorescein. Subsequently, they performed 10 non-consecutive sessions of anastomosis training in the konjac noodle. Eventually, a final anastomosis in the placenta model was performed and the same parameters were scored. Results: we observed a 17min reduction in the mean time to perform the anastomosis in the placenta model after the training in the konjac (p<0.05). There was a non-significant 20% reduction in gross leakage, but the training sessions were not able to consistently improve the ALI score. Conclusions: we demonstrate a reduction in anastomosis performing time in placental arteries after training sessions in the konjac noodle model, which can be regarded as a feasible low-cost method, particularly useful in centers with surgical microscopes only in the operation room.

---

ABSTRACT Introdução: modelos tradicionais de treinamento de anastomose microcirúrgica costumam ter custos elevados e implicações éticas de aquisição e manutenção, buscando-se alternativas que reúnam baixo custo e facilidade de armazenamento. Existem diferentes propostas, porém há poucas evidências de que conhecimentos adquiridos com o treinamento nessas plataformas se traduza em melhora na performance, quando estes são comparados a modelos consagrados. Este projeto objetiva avaliar a viabilidade do macarrão de konjac como modelo confiável de treinamento microcirúrgico. Métodos: 10 residentes de neurocirurgia realizaram uma anastomose término-terminal em artéria placentária humana de 2-3mm. As anastomoses foram avaliadas quantitativamente, registrando-se o tempo de confecção e qualitativamente, aplicando-se um escore validado (Anastomosis Lapse Index - ALI) por neurocirurgiões experientes e verificando-se a presença de vazamento grosseiro através da visualização no modo fluorescente injetando-se fluoresceína. Subsequentemente, realizaram 10 sessões de treinamento não consecutivos de anastomose términoterminal no modelo de konjac. Por fim, uma anastomose final foi realizada no modelo placentário e os mesmo parâmetros reavaliados. Resultados: observamos uma redução de 17 min no tempo médio de confecção da anastomose no modelo de placenta após os treinos no modelo do macarrão (p<0.05). Houve uma redução não significativa de 20% no vazamento grosseiro. As sessões de treino no macarrão não foram capazes de melhorar consistentemente o score ALI. Conclusão: o treinamento em modelo de macarrão konjac é capaz de reduzir o tempo para realização das anastomoses no modelo em placenta humana, mostrando-se alternativa viável de baixo custo e manutenção, útil em serviços que disponham de microscópio apenas no ambiente cirúrgico.

RESUMO

Very few COVID-19-associated autoimmune encephalitis cases have been documented in children. This case report focuses on a previously healthy four-year-old girl who presented to the emergency room of the National Children's Hospital in Costa Rica in a postictal state due to a tonic-clonic seizure that progressed to status epilepticus. She had no previous history of fever or associated trauma. She was considered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive by epidemiological linkage four weeks prior to the event, and her immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels for SARS-CoV-2 were positive. She presented with generalized decrease in muscle strength, she couldn't even walk, also dyskinetic movements in upper extremities, language impairment, frequent seizures, retrograde amnesia, and orolingual dyskinesias. An extensive diagnostic workup was performed, including bacterial and viral panel in cerebrospinal fluid, however the only positive result was the IgG for SARS-CoV-2. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were compatible with autoimmune encephalitis.  An antibody panel was performed, which was negative in cerebrospinal fluid and positive for anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)/b1 in serum. She received three antiseizure drugs, plasmapheresis, intravenous gamma-globulin, methylprednisolone, and rituximab, which partially improved her condition. She currently has refractory epilepsy, memory problems, loss of language skills, and neuropsychiatric dysfunction. To our knowledge, this is the first case of autoimmune encephalitis secondary to SARS-COV-2 infection in a pediatric patient in Costa Rica.

RESUMO

Lectins are a heterogeneous group of proteins that reversibly bind to simple sugars or complex carbohydrates. The plant lectin purified from the seed of Parkia platycephala (PPL) was studied. This study aimed to investigate the possible orofacial antinociceptive of PPL lectin in adult zebrafish and rodents. Acute nociception was induced by cinnamaldehyde (0.66 µg/mL), 0.1% acidified saline, glutamate (12.5 µM) or hypertonic saline (5 M NaCl) applied into the upper lip (5.0 µL) of adult wild zebrafish. Zebrafish were pretreated by intraperitoneal injection (20 µL) with vehicle (Control) or PPL (0.025; 0.05 or 0.1 mg/mL) 30 min before induction. The effect of PPL on zebrafish locomotor behaviour was evaluated in the open field test. Naive groups were included in all tests. In one experiment, animals were pre-treated with capsazepine to investigate the mechanism of antinociception. The involvement of central afferent C-fibres was also investigated. In another experiment, rats pre-treated with PPL or saline were submitted to the temporomandibular joint formalin test. Other groups of rats were submitted to infraorbital nerve transection to induce chronic pain, followed by induction of mechanical sensitivity using von Frey. PPL reduced nociceptive behaviour in adult zebrafish, and this is related to the activation of the TRPV1 channels since antinociception was effectively inhibited by capsazepine and by capsaicin-induced desensitization. PPL reduced nociceptive behaviour associated with temporomandibular joint and neuropathic pain. The results confirm the potential pharmacological relevance of PPL as an inhibitor of orofacial nociception in acute and chronic pain.

Assuntos

Dor Crônica , Fabaceae , Ratos , Animais , Nociceptividade , Peixe-Zebra/metabolismo , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Dor Facial/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Facial/metabolismo , Lectinas/metabolismo , Dor Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Fabaceae/metabolismo , Roedores/metabolismo , Canais de Cátion TRPV/metabolismo , Proteínas de Peixe-Zebra/metabolismo

RESUMO

Extreme weather events, such as Hurricane María, shed light on the importance of understanding the factors that promote resilience, defined as bouncing back after adverse events. The current study took a qualitative focus group approach toward understanding resilience in employees of the hospitality industry after Hurricane María. The hospitality industry plays an important role in disaster responses due to its role in supporting local and national economies, job stability for vulnerable employees, and in supporting response efforts, eg, housing aid workers. Through a series of in-depth focus groups, employees from San Juan, Puerto Rico and surrounding areas shared their Hurricane María experiences in terms of themselves as individuals, their workplaces, and their community. Major themes focused on the importance of the preparedness phase of the disaster response timeline, measuring impact and response on multiple levels in interdependent systems, creating and promoting awareness of resources, and acknowledging both struggle and strength when conceptualizing transformative potential. These findings can inform actionable strategies for individuals, organizations, and communities.

Assuntos

Tempestades Ciclônicas , Desastres , Desastres Naturais , Humanos , Organizações , Porto Rico

RESUMO

This study evaluated some biological activities of extracts from Abuta selloana. The gastroprotective potential was determined against ethanol/HCl- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers, whereas the antinociceptive effect was evaluated by acetic acid-induced abdominal contortions in mice. The cytotoxicity activity was measured against human cancer cell lines: U251 (glioma), MCF-7 (breast cancer) and NCI-H460 (lung cancer). The radical scavenger potential was verified; and preliminary phytochemical analyses were performed. The phytochemical screening revealed higher levels of phenolic compounds in all extracts. Moreover, the methanolic extract from pulp fruit (MEPu), peel fruit (MEPe), branches (MEB) and leaves (MEL) scavenged the DPPH radical at 100 µg/mL. Besides, only MEL presented GI50 < 30 µg/mL in all tested cells. Besides, MEPu, MEPe, MEB or MEL at 10 mg/kg (i.p) reduced the abdominal contortions at 47.22%, 63.31%, 84.59% and 37.76%, respectively. The MEPu, MEPe, MEB and MEL reduced the ethanol/HCl- and indomethacin- induced ulcer at 250 mg/kg (p.o). In conclusion, A. selloana had interesting biological activities; presenting the leaves as a promising source for compounds with cytotoxic potential, however, further studies should be performed to confirm its antitumoral activity. Besides, the whole plant can be an important source of bioactive compounds associated with gastroprotective and antinociceptive properties.

Assuntos

Antiulcerosos , Frutas , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Animais , Brasil , Etanol/farmacologia , Frutas/química , Mucosa Gástrica , Humanos , Indometacina/análise , Indometacina/farmacologia , Metanol/análise , Metanol/química , Metanol/farmacologia , Camundongos , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta

RESUMO

Campomanesia reitziana D. Legrand (Myrtaceae) displays antiulcer properties when given to rodents. The major active chemical components of C. reitziana are chalcones, including 4',6'-dihydroxy-2'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone or dimethyl cardamonin (DMC); therefore, we hypothesized that this compound could have antiulcer effects and the present study aimed to evaluate its gastroprotective and gastric healing properties. DMC was isolated from the fruits of C. reitziana, and its gastroprotective effect was evaluated by ethanol and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models in mice (0.1 mg/kg, i.p. and 1 and 3 mg/kg, p.o.). Oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters were analyzed in the gastric tissue. Moreover, its gastric healing effect was evaluated in rats. In addition, the compound's mode of action was evaluated in vivo and in vitro by measuring H+ -K+ -ATPase activity. Finally, the cytotoxic potential of DMC was tested in fibroblasts and human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. The DMC reduced the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice by 77 %, increased the adhered mucus, and reduced lipoperoxides levels. The block of nonprotein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) compounds by pretreatment with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), or the antagonism of α2 receptor using yohimbine reversed the gastroprotective effects of DMC. Furthermore, DMC reduced the acidity of gastric content in pylorus-ligated rats but did not change H+ , K+ -ATPase (isolated from rabbit) activity in vitro. DMC reduced the lesion area in acetic acid-induced ulcers and decreased myeloperoxidase activity. DMC did not change the viability of fibroblast cells (L929) but reduced the viability of human gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS). The results confirmed that DMC could significantly enhance the gastric healing process and prevent ulcers due to improving protective factors on the gastric mucosa and reducing gastric acid secretion.

Assuntos

Antiulcerosos , Chalconas , Myrtaceae , Úlcera Gástrica , Humanos , Ratos , Camundongos , Animais , Coelhos , Chalconas/farmacologia , Chalconas/uso terapêutico , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológico , Úlcera Gástrica/patologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/química , Roedores , Úlcera/tratamento farmacológico , Frutas , Ratos Wistar , Antiulcerosos/farmacologia , Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Antiulcerosos/química , Etanol , Adenosina Trifosfatases

RESUMO

This study aimed to test for the possible antinociceptive effect of the naturally occurring terpene citral in rodent models of acute and chronic orofacial pain and to test for the possible involvement of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in this effect. Acute nociceptive behavior was induced in one series of experiments by administering formalin, cinnamaldehyde, menthol or capsaicin to the upper lip. Nociceptive behavior was assessed by orofacial rubbing, and the effects of pre-treatment with citral (0.1, 0.3 or 1.0 mg/Kg) or vehicle (control) were tested on the behavior. Nociceptive behavior was also induced by formalin injected into the temporomandibular joint or mustard oil injected into the masseter muscle, preceded by citral or vehicle (control) treatment. The chronic pain model involved infraorbital nerve transection (IONX) that induced mechanical hypersensitivity which was assessed by von Frey hair stimulation of the upper lip. Motor activity was also evaluated. Docking experiments were performed using TRPV1 and TRPM8 channels. Citral but not vehicle produced significant (p<0.01, ANOVA) antinociception on all the acute nociceptive behaviors, and these effects were attenuated by TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine, TRPM3 antagonist mefenamic acid and by TRPM8 desensitization, but not by ruthenium red and TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031. The IONX animals developed facial mechanical hypersensitivity that was significantly reduced by citral but not by vehicle. The docking experiments revealed that citral may interact with TRPV1 and TRPM8 channels. These results indicate the potential use of citral as an inhibitor of orofacial nociception in both acute and chronic pain states through TRPV1, TRPM3 and TRPM8 channels. See also Figure 1(Fig. 1).

RESUMO

Nanoencapsulation is a valid alternative for the oral administration of peptide drugs and proteins, as nanoparticles protect them from proteolytic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract and promote the absorption of these macromolecules. The orofacial antinociceptive effect of frutalin (FTL), through the intraperitoneal route, has already been proven. This study aimed to develop, characterize, and evaluate the orofacial antinociceptive activity of an oral formulation containing FTL in acute and neuropathic preclinical tests. Nanoencapsulated FTL was administered by oral route. The acute nociceptive behavior was induced by administering capsaicin to the upper lip and NaCl to the right cornea. The nociceptive behavior was also induced by formalin injected into the temporomandibular joint. The neuropathic pain model involved infraorbital nerve transection (IONX), which induced mechanical hypersensitivity and was assessed by von Frey stimulation. Trpv1 gene expression was analyzed in the trigeminal ganglion. The analyzed sample did not show any cytotoxicity; 52.2% of the FTL was encapsulated, and the size of the nanocapsule was less than 200 nm, the polydispersion was 0.361, and the zeta potential was - 5.87 and - 12.8 mV, with and without FTL, respectively. Nanoencapsulated FTL administered by oral route had an orofacial antinociceptive effect in acute and neuropathic rodent models. The antinociceptive effect of FTL was prevented by ruthenium red, but not by camphor. FTL reduced Trpv1 gene expression. FTL promotes orofacial antinociception, probably due to the antagonism of TRPV1 channels, and the nanoformulation represents an effective method for the oral administration of this protein. HIGHLIGHTS: • Nanoformulation for oral protein administration. • Nanocapsule containing FTL prevents orofacial nociceptive acute and neuropathic pain. • Frutalin promotes orofacial antinociception behavior antagonism of TRPV1 channels.

Assuntos

Nanocápsulas , Neuralgia , Administração Oral , Analgésicos , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Dor Facial/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Facial/metabolismo , Nociceptividade/fisiologia