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There is limited knowledge regarding the blockade of cysteinyl leukotriene receptors (CysLTRs) and their effects in teleost fish. The present study investigated the effects of Zafirlukast, antagonist of CysLTR1 receptor, on the foreign body inflammatory reaction in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Zafirlukast-treated tilapia demonstrated a decrease in the formation of multinucleated foreign body giant cells and Langhans cells on the round glass coverslips implanted in the subcutaneous tissue, along with a significant reduction in white blood cell counts and decreased production of reactive oxygen species. There was an increase in serum levels of α2-macroglobulins, as well as a decrease in ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin. Zafirlukast treatment led to a significant decrease in the area of splenic melanomacrophage centers and a reduction in the presence of lipofuscin. These findings highlight the potential anti-inflammatory effects of zafirlukast treatment in tilapia and indicate its action on CysLTR1 receptor, modulating the innate immune response of tilapia during the foreign body reaction. The comprehension of chronic inflammation mechanisms in fish has become increasingly relevant, especially concerning the utilization of biomaterials for vaccine and drug delivery.

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Climate change is a reality and global surface temperature is projected to rise substantially in the next 80 years. Agriculture practices will have to adapt to climate change, and also help to mitigate this effect using, among other strategies, forest conservation and management. Silvopastoral systems have been adopted in tropical climate livestock areas but their benefits on thermal comfort and reproductive performance of beef cows are not completely known. Therefore, our aims were to compare the microclimate of silvopastoral and intensive rotational unshaded grazing systems in different months and to evaluate physiological variables (Exp. 1 and 2), metabolism, and in vitro embryo production (Exp. 2) in crossbred beef females. Our hypothesis is that the silvopastoral system can improve the thermal comfort of beef heifers and cows and, consequently, also improve dry matter intake, body weight gain, and in vitro embryo production when compared to the unshaded rotational grazing system. In Exp 1, the silvopastoral system decreased body temperature and increased welfare and performance of heifers. In Exp. 2, the silvopastoral system enhanced the body weight but did not affect metabolism and the general reproductive performance, but increased the recovery rate of oocytes in primiparous cows.

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Background: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are neurogenic neoplasms that originate from cells that surroundthe axons of peripheral nerves. Surgery is the treatment of choice for peripheral nerve sheath tumors. They have a betterprognosis when the lesion is in the extremity of a limb and the surgeon leaves wide peripheral margins after resection.However, this procedure makes local treatment a challenge due to difficult wound healing in this region. This report describes a successful case involving the use of a meshed skin graft immediately after resection of a neurofibrosarcoma inthe distal region of the radius bone of a dog.Case: A 6-year-old Boxer bitch weighing 40 kg was admitted with a history of a round, firm, non-ulcerated skin noduleattached to the lateral side of the distal region of the right radius bone, which had been present for about 40 days. Fineneedle aspiration cytology of the lesion showed the presence of mesenchymal cells, suggesting a sarcoma. Thus, the decision was made for an incisional biopsy to confirm the diagnosis and for the preparation of a subdermal pattern tubular flapfor subsequent rotation and transposition to close the wound that would be formed after the complete removal of the lesion.After the 7th postoperative day, the diagnosis of low-grade neurofibrosarcoma was confirmed and due to the presence ofnecrotic onset in the middle portion of the tubular flap, further surgical intervention was scheduled for the resection of thetube flap, en bloc removal of the neoplastic lesion with peripheral margins of 2 cm, and wound closure with a free skingraft. A mesh skin graft was made with a portion of the right flank skin. The mesh graft was carefully implanted on therecipient bed using simple interrupted sutures with a 3-0 non-absorbable monofilament suture material. A dressing madewith water-based sterile lubricating solution and...(AU)

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Background: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are neurogenic neoplasms that originate from cells that surroundthe axons of peripheral nerves. Surgery is the treatment of choice for peripheral nerve sheath tumors. They have a betterprognosis when the lesion is in the extremity of a limb and the surgeon leaves wide peripheral margins after resection.However, this procedure makes local treatment a challenge due to difficult wound healing in this region. This report describes a successful case involving the use of a meshed skin graft immediately after resection of a neurofibrosarcoma inthe distal region of the radius bone of a dog.Case: A 6-year-old Boxer bitch weighing 40 kg was admitted with a history of a round, firm, non-ulcerated skin noduleattached to the lateral side of the distal region of the right radius bone, which had been present for about 40 days. Fineneedle aspiration cytology of the lesion showed the presence of mesenchymal cells, suggesting a sarcoma. Thus, the decision was made for an incisional biopsy to confirm the diagnosis and for the preparation of a subdermal pattern tubular flapfor subsequent rotation and transposition to close the wound that would be formed after the complete removal of the lesion.After the 7th postoperative day, the diagnosis of low-grade neurofibrosarcoma was confirmed and due to the presence ofnecrotic onset in the middle portion of the tubular flap, further surgical intervention was scheduled for the resection of thetube flap, en bloc removal of the neoplastic lesion with peripheral margins of 2 cm, and wound closure with a free skingraft. A mesh skin graft was made with a portion of the right flank skin. The mesh graft was carefully implanted on therecipient bed using simple interrupted sutures with a 3-0 non-absorbable monofilament suture material. A dressing madewith water-based sterile lubricating solution and...

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A aquisição de coelhos como animais de estimação ganhou destaque nos últimos anos no Brasil, e houve também aumento da casuística de atendimentos em clínicas veterinárias para essa espécie animal. As enfermidades reprodutivas são de baixa ocorrência em publicações científicas, sendo raros os casos descritos de distocia e morte fetal. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo descrever um caso de distocia em uma coelha de 75 dias de idade, que foi atendida com a queixa de secreção vaginal purulenta e inapetência. Após o exame físico e a realização de exame radiográfico, o animal foi diagnosticado com distocia e encaminhado para a realização de ovariossalpingo-histerectomia (OSH). O diagnóstico preciso, a intervenção imediata e o tratamento adequado foram imprescindíveis para a rápida melhora clínica do animal durante o pós-operatório. (AU)

Rabbits are becoming common as pets in Brazil , and veterinarians are seeing an increased demand for clinical treatment of their species. Reproductive diseases in rabbits are rarely described in veterinary literature, with few cases of dystocia and fetal death reported. We report a case of dystocia in a 75 days old rabbit presented with a history of purulent vaginal discharge and loss of appetite. Dystocia was diagnosed by physical and radiographic examination, and ovariohisterectomy was recommended. Accurate diagnosis, immediate intervention and adequate treatment resulted in good postoperative outcome.(AU)

La adopción de conejos como animales de compañía ha crecido durante los últimos años en Brasil, así como también lo ha hecho el número de consultas en clínicas veterinarias. Las enfermedades reproductivas son poco relatadas en las publicaciones científicas, con raras descripciones de distocia y muerte fetal. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo describir un caso de distocia en una coneja de 75 días que llegó a consulta por presentar secreción vaginal purulenta y falta de apetito. Después del examen físico y radiográfico, fue diagnosticado un cuadro de distocia , por lo que la paciente fue derivada para la realización de una ovariohisterectomía. Un diagnóstico preciso, la rápida intervención y el tratamiento adecuado resultaron fundamentales para la rápida mejora de la paciente durante el postoperatorio.(AU)

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A aquisição de coelhos como animais de estimação ganhou destaque nos últimos anos no Brasil, e houve também aumento da casuística de atendimentos em clínicas veterinárias para essa espécie animal. As enfermidades reprodutivas são de baixa ocorrência em publicações científicas, sendo raros os casos descritos de distocia e morte fetal. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo descrever um caso de distocia em uma coelha de 75 dias de idade, que foi atendida com a queixa de secreção vaginal purulenta e inapetência. Após o exame físico e a realização de exame radiográfico, o animal foi diagnosticado com distocia e encaminhado para a realização de ovariossalpingo-histerectomia (OSH). O diagnóstico preciso, a intervenção imediata e o tratamento adequado foram imprescindíveis para a rápida melhora clínica do animal durante o pós-operatório.

Rabbits are becoming common as pets in Brazil , and veterinarians are seeing an increased demand for clinical treatment of their species. Reproductive diseases in rabbits are rarely described in veterinary literature, with few cases of dystocia and fetal death reported. We report a case of dystocia in a 75 days old rabbit presented with a history of purulent vaginal discharge and loss of appetite. Dystocia was diagnosed by physical and radiographic examination, and ovariohisterectomy was recommended. Accurate diagnosis, immediate intervention and adequate treatment resulted in good postoperative outcome.

La adopción de conejos como animales de compañía ha crecido durante los últimos años en Brasil, así como también lo ha hecho el número de consultas en clínicas veterinarias. Las enfermedades reproductivas son poco relatadas en las publicaciones científicas, con raras descripciones de distocia y muerte fetal. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo describir un caso de distocia en una coneja de 75 días que llegó a consulta por presentar secreción vaginal purulenta y falta de apetito. Después del examen físico y radiográfico, fue diagnosticado un cuadro de distocia , por lo que la paciente fue derivada para la realización de una ovariohisterectomía. Un diagnóstico preciso, la rápida intervención y el tratamiento adecuado resultaron fundamentales para la rápida mejora de la paciente durante el postoperatorio.

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Background: Mammary tumors are frequent in female dogs, and are biologically similar in female dogs and humans.Hemostatic disorders are common in humans with cancer, and the mechanisms that conduct coagulation activation involvetissue and cancer procoagulant factors and inflammatory cytokines. Despite the importance of coagulopathy diagnosis thatevaluate hemostasis, veterinarians rarely request such tests in routine clinical oncology. This study aimed to investigate thepossible hemostatic abnormalities in female dogs with mammary carcinomas and assess any associations with prognosticfactors for mammary cancer in female dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 62 female dogs were selected for inclusion in this study regardless of age or breed.The control group consisted of 30 healthy dogs, and the carcinoma group consisted of 32 dogs with a histopathologicaldiagnosis of mammary carcinoma that was free of distant metastases and comorbidities that could interfere with the hemostatic system integrity. The dogs with mammary carcinoma were divided into subgroups according to their histologicaltype, histopathological grading, tumor size, and clinical stage of the disease (TNM) to evaluate the relationships betweenthe subgroups and hemostatic parameters (blood platelet counts, prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastintime [aPTT], and plasma fibrinogen concentration). The hemostatic parameters were significantly higher in the carcinomagroup than in the control group (P ≤ 0.05). These findings indicate that there is a strong association between the occurrenceof mammary carcinoma and abnormal hemostatic parameters...(AU)

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Background: Mammary tumors are frequent in female dogs, and are biologically similar in female dogs and humans.Hemostatic disorders are common in humans with cancer, and the mechanisms that conduct coagulation activation involvetissue and cancer procoagulant factors and inflammatory cytokines. Despite the importance of coagulopathy diagnosis thatevaluate hemostasis, veterinarians rarely request such tests in routine clinical oncology. This study aimed to investigate thepossible hemostatic abnormalities in female dogs with mammary carcinomas and assess any associations with prognosticfactors for mammary cancer in female dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 62 female dogs were selected for inclusion in this study regardless of age or breed.The control group consisted of 30 healthy dogs, and the carcinoma group consisted of 32 dogs with a histopathologicaldiagnosis of mammary carcinoma that was free of distant metastases and comorbidities that could interfere with the hemostatic system integrity. The dogs with mammary carcinoma were divided into subgroups according to their histologicaltype, histopathological grading, tumor size, and clinical stage of the disease (TNM) to evaluate the relationships betweenthe subgroups and hemostatic parameters (blood platelet counts, prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastintime [aPTT], and plasma fibrinogen concentration). The hemostatic parameters were significantly higher in the carcinomagroup than in the control group (P ≤ 0.05). These findings indicate that there is a strong association between the occurrenceof mammary carcinoma and abnormal hemostatic parameters...

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Resumen El cáncer es una problemática cada vez más frecuente en la práctica clínica de pequeños animales, para su control se emplean metodologías agresivas con múltiples efectos adversos, lo que ha estimulado la búsqueda de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas. La quimioterapia metronómica consiste en la administración de bajas dosis de fármacos antineoplásicos, en intervalos regulares y por largos períodos de tiempo. Se destaca por su potencial antineoplásico, facilidad de administración y toxicidad reducida, mostrando beneficio clínico en pacientes geriátricos, debilitados o con cáncer avanzado, logrado principalmente a través de la inhibición de la angiogénesis y la modulación inmune antitumoral. En veterinaria, se relata principalmente el uso de ciclofosfamida, clorambucilo o lomustina, asociados en muchos casos con otros fármacos, para el tratamiento de distintos tipos de tumores, con respuestas favorables y baja toxicidad. No obstante, los estudios existentes son limitados y en muchos casos la selección de la posología de administración de los fármacos ha sido empírica, perjudicando su eficacia terapéutica. El objetivo de esta revisión es mostrar la utilidad de este tipo de quimioterapia antineoplásica en animales domésticos, los avances en la comprensión de sus mecanismos de acción, fármacos y esquemas utilizados, así como su potencial tóxico, buscando generar mayor conciencia del médico veterinario al utilizar esta modalidad de quimioterapia en pacientes oncológicos.

Abstract Cancer is a frequent problem in veterinary practice in small animals; aggre ssive strategies with several side-effects are used to its control, which has stimulated research of new therapeutic options. The metronomic chemotherapy consists in regular administration of low doses of antineoplastic drugs for long periods of time. Together with its antitumor potential, it is administrated easily and has apparent reduced toxicity, showing clinical benefits within advanced diseases or geriatric and weak patients mainly by angiogenesis inhibition and antitumor immune modulation. In small animals, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil and lomustine have been used mainly, in some cases associated with other drugs, to treat several kinds of tumors, obtaining clinical advantages and low toxicities. However, current studies are limited, and selection of most doses and intervals use to be empirical, in detriment of therapeutic efficacy. This work aims to evidence the potential use of this kind of antineoplastic chemotherapy in domestic animals, as well as the advances in comprehension of its mechanisms of action, drugs, schedules and toxic effects, trying to do a best and more aware use of this chemotherapy strategy in oncologic patients.

Resumo O câncer é um problema cada vez mais comum na rotina clínica de pequenos animais, e para seu controle são utilizadas metodologias agressivas com múltiplos efeitos adversos, o que estimula a busca de novas estratégias terapêuticas. A quimioterapia metronômica consiste na administração de baixas doses de drogas antineoplásicas, em intervalos regulares e por longos períodos de tempo. Chama atenção devido ao por seu potencial anti-neoplásico, facilidade de administração e toxicidade reduzida, mostrando benefício clínico em pacientes geriátricos, debilitados ou com câncer avançado, obtidos principalmente por meio da inibição da angiogênese e da modulação imune antitumoral. Na medicina veterinária, o uso de ciclofosfamida, clorambucil ou lomustina, associado em muitos casos a outras drogas, é relatado principalmente para o tratamento de diferentes tipos de tumores, com respostas favoráveis e baixa toxicidade. No entanto, os estudos existentes são limitados e, em muitos casos, a seleção da posologia da administração das drogas tem sido empírica, prejudicando sua eficácia terapêutica. O objetivo desta revisão é mostrar a utilidade deste tipo de quimioterapia antineoplásica em animais domésticos, os avanços na compreensão de seus mecanismos de ação, fármacos mais indicados e esquemas utilizados, bem como seu potencial tóxico, buscando gerar maior consciência do veterinário ao usar este tipo de quimioterapia em pacientes com câncer.

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Nerium oleander is distributed worldwide, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. These shrubs are frequently used as ornamental plants. However, they contain more than 30 cardiac glycosides that can cause serious toxic effects in dogs. The objective of this study was to report the clinical and electrocardiographic alterations in dogs experimentally poisoned with N. oleander. Ten adult, healthy, mixed-breed dogs weighing 10-25kg and aged 3-6 years were selected for the study. We orally administered 0.25g kg-1 of fresh ground leaves of N. oleander to the dogs. No dog died after the ingestion, but all exhibited signs of poisoning such as vomiting, sialorrhea, nausea, apathy, conjunctiva congestion, dehydration, abdominal pain, tremors, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and tenesmus. Electrocardiogram revealed occurrence of several types of arrhythmias: sinus bradycardia, second-degree atrioventricular block, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular premature complexes. Systolic blood pressure, as well as heart rate, decreased in the first 24 hours. The present study concluded that a single dose of 0.25g kg-1 of N. oleander green leaves is sufficient to cause a moderate intoxication in dogs, with nonspecific clinical changes mainly related to the digestive system and heart rate, thus demonstrating the importance of this type of intoxication in the list of differential diagnoses of small animals routine.(AU)

O Nerium oleander é uma planta com ampla distribuição mundial, principalmente em regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Esses arbustos são frequentemente usados como plantas ornamentais e possuem mais de 30 glicosídeos cardíacos causadores do quadro clínico de intoxicação em caninos. Sabendo-se disso, este artigo teve por objetivo a avaliar as alterações clínicas e eletrocardiográficas, nos animais intoxicados experimentalmente com N. oleander. Foram utilizados 10 cães adultos, hígidos, sem raça definida, com 10 a 25kg de peso, de 3 a 6 anos de idade. Os animais receberam uma única dose de 0,25g kg-1 de peso, de folhas frescas de N. oleander. Nenhum dos animais do experimento veio a óbito. Os sinais clínicos observados foram vômito, sialorréia, náuseas, apatia, conjuntiva ocular congesta, desidratação, dor abdominal, tremores, diarreia, inapetência e tenesmo. Pela análise do eletrocardiograma encontraram-se arritmias como: bradicardia sinusal, bloqueios atrioventriculares de segundo grau, taquicardia ventricular paroxística e complexo ventricular prematuro. A pressão arterial sistólica diminui nas primeiras 24 horas, assim como a frequência cardíaca. Concluiu-se com o presente estudo que uma única dose de 0,25g kg-1 de folhas verdes de N. oleander é suficiente para causar um quadro moderado de intoxicação em cães, com alterações clínicas inespecíficas principalmente relacionadas ao sistema digestório e no ritmo cardíaco, mostrando a importância deste tipo de intoxicação na lista de diagnósticos diferenciais da rotina de pequenos animais.(AU)

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Nerium oleander is distributed worldwide, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. These shrubs are frequently used as ornamental plants. However, they contain more than 30 cardiac glycosides that can cause serious toxic effects in dogs. The objective of this study was to report the clinical and electrocardiographic alterations in dogs experimentally poisoned with N. oleander. Ten adult, healthy, mixed-breed dogs weighing 10-25kg and aged 3-6 years were selected for the study. We orally administered 0.25g kg-1 of fresh ground leaves of N. oleander to the dogs. No dog died after the ingestion, but all exhibited signs of poisoning such as vomiting, sialorrhea, nausea, apathy, conjunctiva congestion, dehydration, abdominal pain, tremors, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and tenesmus. Electrocardiogram revealed occurrence of several types of arrhythmias: sinus bradycardia, second-degree atrioventricular block, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular premature complexes. Systolic blood pressure, as well as heart rate, decreased in the first 24 hours. The present study concluded that a single dose of 0.25g kg-1 of N. oleander green leaves is sufficient to cause a moderate intoxication in dogs, with nonspecific clinical changes mainly related to the digestive system and heart rate, thus demonstrating the importance of this type of intoxication in the list of differential diagnoses of small animals routine.

O Nerium oleander é uma planta com ampla distribuição mundial, principalmente em regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Esses arbustos são frequentemente usados como plantas ornamentais e possuem mais de 30 glicosídeos cardíacos causadores do quadro clínico de intoxicação em caninos. Sabendo-se disso, este artigo teve por objetivo a avaliar as alterações clínicas e eletrocardiográficas, nos animais intoxicados experimentalmente com N. oleander. Foram utilizados 10 cães adultos, hígidos, sem raça definida, com 10 a 25kg de peso, de 3 a 6 anos de idade. Os animais receberam uma única dose de 0,25g kg-1 de peso, de folhas frescas de N. oleander. Nenhum dos animais do experimento veio a óbito. Os sinais clínicos observados foram vômito, sialorréia, náuseas, apatia, conjuntiva ocular congesta, desidratação, dor abdominal, tremores, diarreia, inapetência e tenesmo. Pela análise do eletrocardiograma encontraram-se arritmias como: bradicardia sinusal, bloqueios atrioventriculares de segundo grau, taquicardia ventricular paroxística e complexo ventricular prematuro. A pressão arterial sistólica diminui nas primeiras 24 horas, assim como a frequência cardíaca. Concluiu-se com o presente estudo que uma única dose de 0,25g kg-1 de folhas verdes de N. oleander é suficiente para causar um quadro moderado de intoxicação em cães, com alterações clínicas inespecíficas principalmente relacionadas ao sistema digestório e no ritmo cardíaco, mostrando a importância deste tipo de intoxicação na lista de diagnósticos diferenciais da rotina de pequenos animais.

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ABSTRACT: Nerium oleander is distributed worldwide, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. These shrubs are frequently used as ornamental plants. However, they contain more than 30 cardiac glycosides that can cause serious toxic effects in dogs. The objective of this study was to report the clinical and electrocardiographic alterations in dogs experimentally poisoned with N. oleander. Ten adult, healthy, mixed-breed dogs weighing 10-25kg and aged 3-6 years were selected for the study. We orally administered 0.25g kg-1 of fresh ground leaves of N. oleander to the dogs. No dog died after the ingestion, but all exhibited signs of poisoning such as vomiting, sialorrhea, nausea, apathy, conjunctiva congestion, dehydration, abdominal pain, tremors, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and tenesmus. Electrocardiogram revealed occurrence of several types of arrhythmias: sinus bradycardia, second-degree atrioventricular block, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular premature complexes. Systolic blood pressure, as well as heart rate, decreased in the first 24 hours. The present study concluded that a single dose of 0.25g kg-1 of N. oleander green leaves is sufficient to cause a moderate intoxication in dogs, with nonspecific clinical changes mainly related to the digestive system and heart rate, thus demonstrating the importance of this type of intoxication in the list of differential diagnoses of small animals routine.

RESUMO: O Nerium oleander é uma planta com ampla distribuição mundial, principalmente em regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Esses arbustos são frequentemente usados como plantas ornamentais e possuem mais de 30 glicosídeos cardíacos causadores do quadro clínico de intoxicação em caninos. Sabendo-se disso, este artigo teve por objetivo a avaliar as alterações clínicas e eletrocardiográficas, nos animais intoxicados experimentalmente com N. oleander. Foram utilizados 10 cães adultos, hígidos, sem raça definida, com 10 a 25kg de peso, de 3 a 6 anos de idade. Os animais receberam uma única dose de 0,25g kg-1 de peso, de folhas frescas de N. oleander. Nenhum dos animais do experimento veio a óbito. Os sinais clínicos observados foram vômito, sialorréia, náuseas, apatia, conjuntiva ocular congesta, desidratação, dor abdominal, tremores, diarreia, inapetência e tenesmo. Pela análise do eletrocardiograma encontraram-se arritmias como: bradicardia sinusal, bloqueios atrioventriculares de segundo grau, taquicardia ventricular paroxística e complexo ventricular prematuro. A pressão arterial sistólica diminui nas primeiras 24 horas, assim como a frequência cardíaca. Concluiu-se com o presente estudo que uma única dose de 0,25g kg-1 de folhas verdes de N. oleander é suficiente para causar um quadro moderado de intoxicação em cães, com alterações clínicas inespecíficas principalmente relacionadas ao sistema digestório e no ritmo cardíaco, mostrando a importância deste tipo de intoxicação na lista de diagnósticos diferenciais da rotina de pequenos animais.

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Background: Bothropic envenomation represents the most common ophidic accident worldwide, compared to other snakebites of medical interest. Bothropic venom has proteolytic, vasculotoxic, clotting and/or hemorrhagic actions in animals and humans. Mikania glomerata is a plant found in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with interesting medical properties that may be useful in ameliorating the effects of ophidic venom, and thus, improving response and outcome. Although Mikania is known to act through inhibition of cytolysins in the venom, there is a lack of consistent research data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of M. glomerata in bothropic envenomation treatment. Materials, Methods & Results: Clinical, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological evaluations were performed following Bothropoides jararaca experimental envenomation in three groups of 18 Wistar rats each. Group VS was inoculated in the pelvic limb via intramuscular injection of bothropic venom and received specific anti-venom serum via intraperitoneal injection. Group VSM was similarly inoculated; it received anti-venom serum and a 10% aqueous extract of the Mikania glomerata plant orally. Group C was the control group and received saline solution alone. Evaluations were performed at 0.5 h (M1), 6 h (M2), and 24 h (M3) after venom inoculation. Animals from both inoculated groups (VS and VSM) showed significant clinical alterations (P < 0.05) manifested as discomfort, uneasiness, pain, and severe edema compared to control animals. Animals from inoculated groups also exhibited statistically significant leukocytosis with neutrophilia, and elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatine kinase until 6 h after inoculation (P < 0.05 compared to control animals). An acute drop in body temperature was observed 6 h after inoculation (P < 0.05). [...](AU)

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Background: Bothropic envenomation represents the most common ophidic accident worldwide, compared to other snakebites of medical interest. Bothropic venom has proteolytic, vasculotoxic, clotting and/or hemorrhagic actions in animals and humans. Mikania glomerata is a plant found in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with interesting medical properties that may be useful in ameliorating the effects of ophidic venom, and thus, improving response and outcome. Although Mikania is known to act through inhibition of cytolysins in the venom, there is a lack of consistent research data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of M. glomerata in bothropic envenomation treatment. Materials, Methods & Results: Clinical, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological evaluations were performed following Bothropoides jararaca experimental envenomation in three groups of 18 Wistar rats each. Group VS was inoculated in the pelvic limb via intramuscular injection of bothropic venom and received specific anti-venom serum via intraperitoneal injection. Group VSM was similarly inoculated; it received anti-venom serum and a 10% aqueous extract of the Mikania glomerata plant orally. Group C was the control group and received saline solution alone. Evaluations were performed at 0.5 h (M1), 6 h (M2), and 24 h (M3) after venom inoculation. Animals from both inoculated groups (VS and VSM) showed significant clinical alterations (P < 0.05) manifested as discomfort, uneasiness, pain, and severe edema compared to control animals. Animals from inoculated groups also exhibited statistically significant leukocytosis with neutrophilia, and elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatine kinase until 6 h after inoculation (P < 0.05 compared to control animals). An acute drop in body temperature was observed 6 h after inoculation (P < 0.05). [...]

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RESUMO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da prilocaina associada à felipressina na anestesia peribulbar em gatos. Foram utilizados oito gatos adultos, machos e fêmeas, com peso entre 2 e 3 kg. Cada animal recebeu clorpromazina (1,0 mg.kg-1 por via intramuscular) como medicação pré anestésica e propofol (3,0 mg.kg-1 por via intravenoso) para indução anestésica. Foi introduzida uma agulha hipodérmica de 0,38 x 13 mm moldada manualmente até atingir a forma de "L" na porção superior da cavidade orbitária em direção ao fórnice e administrada prilocaína a 3% com vasoconstritor na dose de 5 mg.kg-1. Foi observada proptose após uma média de 2,28 ± 1,52 minutos, e este efeito durou em média 75,22 ± 26,99 minutos. Também ocorreu perda do reflexo corneano após 3,00 ± 1,69 minutos e sua duração foi de 73,75 ± 17,98 minutos em média. A prilocaína 3% com vasoconstritor manteve o globo ocular concêntrico, sem nistagmo e aboliu os reflexos corneanos sem causar efeitos colaterais.

The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of prilocaine 3% associated to felypressin for peribulbar anesthesia in cats. Eight adult cats, male and female, weighing between 2 and 3 kg, received chlorpromazine (1.0 mg.kg-1, intramuscular) and propofol (3.0 mg.kg-1, intravenously). While, prilocaine at 3% (5.0 mg.kg-1) was administered by using an L-shape hypodermic needle (0.38 x 13 mm), which was introduced in the upper portion of the orbital cavity towards the fornix. The onset of proptosis was observed in 2.28 ± 1.52 minutes and lasted 75.22 ± 26.99 minutes. The loss of the corneal reflex occurred after 3.00 ± 1.69 minutes and lasted 73.75 ± 17.98 minutes. It can be concluded that 3% prilocaine with felypressin solution induces centralization of the eyeball without nistagmus and abolition the corneal reflexes without causing any collateral effects in cats.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O presente trabalho avaliou os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos do uso de diclofenaco de sódio, meloxicam e firocoxibe em ratos Wistar. Os ratos foram distribuídos em grupos: G1 (controle), G2 (diclofenaco de sódio: 15 mg/kg), G3 (meloxicam: 2,0 mg/ kg), G4 (meloxicam: 10,0 mg/ kg), G5 (firocoxibe: 5,0 mg/ kg) e G6 (firocoxibe: 25,0 mg/ kg). Os fármacos foram administrados por via intragástrica (gavage) a cada 24 horas, durante cinco dias e avaliados em três momentos: M1 (48 horas após o início do tratamento), M2 (96 horas após o início do tratamento) e M3 (72 horas após o término do tratamento). Em cada momento de cada grupo, foram avaliados de cinco a sete animais e realizados os exames laboratoriais. Não foram observadas alterações significativas nos parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos com o uso de meloxicam e firocoxibe. O diclofenaco de sódio produziu alterações no eritrograma (redução de hemácias, hematócrito e na taxa de hemoglobina) durante o tratamento e não alterou a contagem das plaquetas e leucometria, com exceção dos basófilos. Não produziu alterações nas atividades de AST, FA, GGT, ureia, creatinina, sódio e potássio. Entretanto, causou diminuições das proteínas plasmática e total sérica, albumina e globulina. Conclui-se que o diclofenaco de sódio não produz grandes alterações no hemograma e exames bioquímicos, enquanto que, o meloxicame o firocoxibe não produzem alterações e efeitos deletérios dose-dependentes nestes exames laboratoriais.

This work has evaluated the hematological and biochemical profile by the use of sodium diclofenac, meloxicam and firocoxib in Wistar rats. The rats were distributed in groups: G1 (control), G2 (diclofenac sodium: 15 mg/kg), G3 (meloxicam: 2.0 mg/ kg), G4 (meloxicam: 10.0 mg/ kg), G5 (firocoxib: 5.0 mg/ kg) e G6 (firocoxib: 25.0 mg/ kg). The drugs were administered intragastrically (gavage) once a day, during five days and evaluated in three moments: M1 (48 hours after the beginning of the treatment), M2 (96 hours after the beginning of the treatment) and M3 (72 hours after the ending of the treatment). In each moment of each group, five to seven animals were evaluated and laboratory exams were performed. There were no significant changes observed in the biochemical and hematological parameters by the use of meloxicam and firocoxib. One of the effects of the sodium diclofenac was eritrogram variation as hematocrit, erythrocytes, hemoglobin decrease during the treatment. In addition, the platelets and total white blood cells counts did not change except for basophil. There was no changes in AST, ALP, GGT, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium values. However, the values of protein, globulin and albumin decreased. It was concluded that diclofenac sodium does not provide large variations in the hemogram and biochemical profile than the meloxicam and firocoxib do not provide delletery effects in laboratories tests.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O presente trabalho avaliou os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos do uso de diclofenaco de sódio, meloxicam e firocoxibe em ratos Wistar. Os ratos foram distribuídos em grupos: G1 (controle), G2 (diclofenaco de sódio: 15 mg/kg), G3 (meloxicam: 2,0 mg/ kg), G4 (meloxicam: 10,0 mg/ kg), G5 (firocoxibe: 5,0 mg/ kg) e G6 (firocoxibe: 25,0 mg/ kg). Os fármacos foram administrados por via intragástrica (gavage) a cada 24 horas, durante cinco dias e avaliados em três momentos: M1 (48 horas após o início do tratamento), M2 (96 horas após o início do tratamento) e M3 (72 horas após o término do tratamento). Em cada momento de cada grupo, foram avaliados de cinco a sete animais e realizados os exames laboratoriais. Não foram observadas alterações significativas nos parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos com o uso de meloxicam e firocoxibe. O diclofenaco de sódio produziu alterações no eritrograma (redução de hemácias, hematócrito e na taxa de hemoglobina) durante o tratamento e não alterou a contagem das plaquetas e leucometria, com exceção dos basófilos. Não produziu alterações nas atividades de AST, FA, GGT, ureia, creatinina, sódio e potássio. Entretanto, causou diminuições das proteínas plasmática e total sérica, albumina e globulina. Conclui-se que o diclofenaco de sódio não produz grandes alterações no hemograma e exames bioquímicos, enquanto que, o meloxicame o firocoxibe não produzem alterações e efeitos deletérios dose-dependentes nestes exames laboratoriais.(AU)

This work has evaluated the hematological and biochemical profile by the use of sodium diclofenac, meloxicam and firocoxib in Wistar rats. The rats were distributed in groups: G1 (control), G2 (diclofenac sodium: 15 mg/kg), G3 (meloxicam: 2.0 mg/ kg), G4 (meloxicam: 10.0 mg/ kg), G5 (firocoxib: 5.0 mg/ kg) e G6 (firocoxib: 25.0 mg/ kg). The drugs were administered intragastrically (gavage) once a day, during five days and evaluated in three moments: M1 (48 hours after the beginning of the treatment), M2 (96 hours after the beginning of the treatment) and M3 (72 hours after the ending of the treatment). In each moment of each group, five to seven animals were evaluated and laboratory exams were performed. There were no significant changes observed in the biochemical and hematological parameters by the use of meloxicam and firocoxib. One of the effects of the sodium diclofenac was eritrogram variation as hematocrit, erythrocytes, hemoglobin decrease during the treatment. In addition, the platelets and total white blood cells counts did not change except for basophil. There was no changes in AST, ALP, GGT, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium values. However, the values of protein, globulin and albumin decreased. It was concluded that diclofenac sodium does not provide large variations in the hemogram and biochemical profile than the meloxicam and firocoxib do not provide delletery effects in laboratories tests.(AU)

Assuntos