RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficiency of hemoperfusion in removing South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus) venom from rats compared with neutralization by antivenom. DESIGN: An exploratory experimental investigation in rats involving the injection of snake venom with or without subsequent hemoperfusion or antivenom administration. SETTING: Basic animal research laboratory in a private university. ANIMALS: Normal, healthy male Wistar rats (0.29-0.40 kg, 3-6 months old) from a commercial breeder. INTERVENTIONS: Four experimental groups of randomly allocated rats (n = 3/group) were studied: Group 1: rats were injected with a single dose of venom (5 mg/kg, IM, in the right thigh) with no other treatment; blood samples were collected minutes before death to determine leukocyte, platelet, and erythrocyte counts; Group 2 (Control): rats underwent hemoperfusion alone for 60 min using a hemoperfusion cartridge designed for protein adsorption (by granulated charcoal) and protein precipitation (by tannic acid); Group 3 (Venom + antivenom): rats were injected with venom (5 mg/kg, IM) and, 10 min later, were treated with antivenom at the venom:antivenom ratio recommended by the manufacturer; Group 4 (Venom + hemoperfusion): Rats were injected with venom (5 mg/kg, IM) and, 10 min later, were hemoperfused for 60 min. In groups 2-4, blood samples were collected for leukocyte, platelet, and erythrocyte counts 24 h after venom. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Rats injected with venom alone (Group 1) developed signs of neurotoxicity and ataxia and died in 9.0 ± 0.43 h but showed no changes in leukocyte or erythrocyte counts. In contrast, there were no deaths in groups 2-4. The lack of deaths in Groups 3 and 4 indicated that antivenom and hemoperfusion, respectively, protected against the lethal effects of the venom. CONCLUSIONS: Hemoperfusion with a double-action hemoperfusion cartridge capable of protein adsorption and precipitation protected rats against C. d. terrificus venom.
Assuntos
Venenos de Crotalídeos , Hemoperfusão/métodos , Animais , Antivenenos/uso terapêutico , Plaquetas/efeitos dos fármacos , Crotalus , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficiency of hemoperfusion in removing South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus) venom from rats compared with neutralization by antivenom. DESIGN: An exploratory experimental investigation in rats involving the injection of snake venom with or without subsequent hemoperfusion or antivenom administration. SETTING: Basic animal research laboratory in a private university. ANIMALS: Normal, healthy male Wistar rats (0.29-0.40 kg, 3-6 months old) from a commercial breeder. INTERVENTIONS: Four experimental groups of randomly allocated rats (n = 3/group) were studied: Group 1: rats were injected with a single dose of venom (5 mg/kg, IM, in the right thigh) with no other treatment; blood samples were collected minutes before death to determine leukocyte, platelet, and erythrocyte counts; Group 2 (Control): rats underwent hemoperfusion alone for 60 min using a hemoperfusion cartridge designed for protein adsorption (by granulated charcoal) and protein precipitation (by tannic acid); Group 3 (Venom + antivenom): rats were injected with venom (5 mg/kg, IM) and, 10 min later, were treated with antivenom at the venom:antivenom ratio recommended by the manufacturer; Group 4 (Venom + hemoperfusion): Rats were injected with venom (5 mg/kg, IM) and, 10 min later, were hemoperfused for 60 min. In groups 2-4, blood samples were collected for leukocyte, platelet, and erythrocyte counts 24 h after venom. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Rats injected with venom alone (Group 1) developed signs of neurotoxicity and ataxia and died in 9.0 ± 0.43 h but showed no changes in leukocyte or erythrocyte counts. In contrast, there were no deaths in groups 2-4. The lack of deaths in Groups 3 and 4 indicated that antivenom and hemoperfusion, respectively, protected against the lethal effects of the venom. ONCLUSIONS: Hemoperfusion with a double-action hemoperfusion cartridge capable of protein adsorption and precipitation protected rats against C. d. terrificus venom. (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Hemoperfusão , Proantocianidinas , Venenos Elapídicos , Carvão VegetalRESUMO
We examined the ability of Bothrops jararaca venom (12.5 mg/kg) injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) to cause acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats. Blood urea and creatinine (AKI biomarkers, in g dL-1) were elevated after 2 h in venom-treated rats (urea: from 0.41 ± 0.1 to 0.7 ± 0.03; creatinine from 46.7 ± 3.1 to 85 ± 6.7; p < 0.05; n = 3 each), with no change in circulating reduced glutathione. Venom-treated rats survived for â¼6 h, at which point platelets were reduced (×103 µL-1; from 763.8 ± 30.2 to 52.5 ± 18.2) whereas leukocytes and erythrocytes were slightly increased (from 4.7 ± 0.3 to 6.6 ± 0.1 × 103 µL-1 and from 8.38 ± 0.1 to 9.2 ± 0.09 × 106 µL-1, respectively; p < 0.05); blood protein (5.2 ± 0.4 g dL-1) and albumin (2.7 ± 0.1 g dL-1) were normal, whereas blood and urinary urea and creatinine were increased. All parameters returned to normal with antivenom given 2 h post-envenomation. The i.p. injection of venom caused AKI similar to that seen with other routes of administration.
Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda/induzido quimicamente , Bothrops , Venenos de Crotalídeos/efeitos adversos , Injúria Renal Aguda/sangue , Animais , Antivenenos/farmacologia , Antivenenos/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/urina , Creatinina/metabolismo , Venenos de Crotalídeos/administração & dosagem , Glutationa/metabolismo , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Masculino , RatosRESUMO
O linfoma renal é uma neoplasia comum em felinos. Sua etiologia muitas vezes é associada à infecção por retrovírus da leucemia felina e da imunodeficiência felina, podendo também ocorrer de forma isolada. Os sintomas decorrentes são característicos de doença renal crônica como anorexia, apatia, emese, poliúria, polidipsia e emagrecimento progressivo. O diagnóstico definitivo da neoplasia é realizado através de exame histopatológico e o tratamento de eleição é a quimioterapia. O prognóstico é desfavorável devido à presença de síndrome paraneoplásica, ao desenvolvimento de metástases, à insuficiência renal crônica instalada e pela possibilidade de também haver doença viral concorrente. Este relato de caso tem o objetivo de atentar o clinico veterinário para a importância da sorologia precoce para FeLV e FIVna ocorrência de neoplasia renal.(AU)
Renal lymphoma is a common cancer incats. Its etiology is often associated with retrovirus infection of feline leukemia and feline immunodeficiency virus, but may also occur in isolation. Symptoms are characteristic of chronic kidney disease as anorexia, lethargy, emesis, polyuria, polydipsia, and progressive weight loss. The definitive diagnosis of cancer is made through histopathology and treatment of choice is chemotherapy. Presence of paraneoplastic syndrome, development of metastasis, chronic renal failure installed and possibility of also having concurrent viral disease may complicate the unfavorable prognosis. This case report aims to attend the veterinary clinician to the importance of early FeLV and FIV serology for the development of kidney cancer.(AU)
El linfoma renal es un cáncer común en gatos. Su etiología es a menu do asociada con la infección por retrovirus de la leucemia felina y de la inmunodeficiencia felina, también puede ocurrir en el aislamiento. Los síntomas son característicos de la enfermedad renal crónica y resultan en anorexia, letargo, vómitos, poliuria, polidipsia y la pérdida progresiva de peso. El diagnóstico definitivo de la neoplasia se lleva a cabo a través de histopatología y el tratamiento de elección es la quimioterapia. El pronóstico es desfavorable debido a la presencia del síndrome paraneoplásico, el desarrollo de metástasis, insuficiencia renal crónica instalada y también por la posibilidad de una enfermedad viral que compiten. Este informe de caso tiene como objetivo asistir 10 clínico veterinario de la importancia de serologías precoces de FeLV y FIV en el desarrollo de neoplasias renales.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Linfoma/veterinária , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Renais/terapia , Neoplasias Renais/veterinária , Rim/patologia , Vírus da Leucemia Felina , Vírus da Imunodeficiência FelinaRESUMO
O linfoma renal é uma neoplasia comum em felinos. Sua etiologia muitas vezes é associada à infecção por retrovírus da leucemia felina e da imunodeficiência felina, podendo também ocorrer de forma isolada. Os sintomas decorrentes são característicos de doença renal crônica como anorexia, apatia, emese, poliúria, polidipsia e emagrecimento progressivo. O diagnóstico definitivo da neoplasia é realizado através de exame histopatológico e o tratamento de eleição é a quimioterapia. O prognóstico é desfavorável devido à presença de síndrome paraneoplásica, ao desenvolvimento de metástases, à insuficiência renal crônica instalada e pela possibilidade de também haver doença viral concorrente. Este relato de caso tem o objetivo de atentar o clinico veterinário para a importância da sorologia precoce para FeLV e FIVna ocorrência de neoplasia renal.
Renal lymphoma is a common cancer incats. Its etiology is often associated with retrovirus infection of feline leukemia and feline immunodeficiency virus, but may also occur in isolation. Symptoms are characteristic of chronic kidney disease as anorexia, lethargy, emesis, polyuria, polydipsia, and progressive weight loss. The definitive diagnosis of cancer is made through histopathology and treatment of choice is chemotherapy. Presence of paraneoplastic syndrome, development of metastasis, chronic renal failure installed and possibility of also having concurrent viral disease may complicate the unfavorable prognosis. This case report aims to attend the veterinary clinician to the importance of early FeLV and FIV serology for the development of kidney cancer.
El linfoma renal es un cáncer común en gatos. Su etiología es a menu do asociada con la infección por retrovirus de la leucemia felina y de la inmunodeficiencia felina, también puede ocurrir en el aislamiento. Los síntomas son característicos de la enfermedad renal crónica y resultan en anorexia, letargo, vómitos, poliuria, polidipsia y la pérdida progresiva de peso. El diagnóstico definitivo de la neoplasia se lleva a cabo a través de histopatología y el tratamiento de elección es la quimioterapia. El pronóstico es desfavorable debido a la presencia del síndrome paraneoplásico, el desarrollo de metástasis, insuficiencia renal crónica instalada y también por la posibilidad de una enfermedad viral que compiten. Este informe de caso tiene como objetivo asistir 10 clínico veterinario de la importancia de serologías precoces de FeLV y FIV en el desarrollo de neoplasias renales.