RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Considering the interrelationship between the multiple determinants of nutritional status, analyses are needed to estimate direct and mediated effects between the variables that influence body mass index (BMI) in older adults. We aimed to verify the direct and indirect effects of sociodemographic, behavioral and health conditions on the BMI of older adults in the community. METHODS: This is a longitudinal study based on data collection in 2015 and 2020. Descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modeling were performed, considering p<0.05. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 220 older adults with a mean baseline age of 68.86 years (± 7.10). Direct associations of higher BMI value with younger age, higher monthly family income, greater functional disability to perform instrumental activities of daily living and greater number of morbidities were found. In addition, education, gender, moderate to vigorous physical activity were indirectly associated with high BMI. CONCLUSION: These findings provide insights into the complex relationship of multiple determinants of nutritional status in older adults and support the design of public health policies that consider the specificities of this population group.
Assuntos
Índice de Massa Corporal , Análise de Classes Latentes , Humanos , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Longitudinais , Estado Nutricional , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atividades Cotidianas , Exercício Físico , Idoso de 80 Anos ou maisRESUMO
To evaluate the effects of two programs (resistance and walking training) on the functional autonomy and muscle strength (isometric and dynamic) of older women, 67 subjects were divided randomly into three groups: resistance training (RTG; Mean = 64.70 ± 6.74 years), walking (WG, Mean = 65.56 ± 7.82 years), and control (CG; Mean = 64.81 ± 4.34). The experimental groups underwent a 16-week intervention. Muscle strength (isometric and dynamic) and functional autonomy were assessed. The subjects participating in the RTG showed improvements in the comparison pre to post-test in the maximal forces of upper limb (MULS) (Δ% = 49.48%; p = 0.001) and lower limb (MLLS) (Δ% = 56.70%; p = 0.001), isometric biceps forces (BIS) (Δ% = 30.13%; p = 0.001) and quadriceps forces (QIS) (Δ% = 65.92%; p = 0.001), and in the general index (GI) of functional autonomy (Δ% = −18.32%; p = 0.002). The WG improved in all functional autonomy tests, except for the standing up from prone position test (SVDP). In strength tests, the WG obtained improvements only in the QIS (Δ% = 41.80%; p = 0.001) and MLLS (Δ% = 49.13%; p = 0.001) tests. The RTG obtained better results (p < 0.05) when compared to the WG and CG. The results allow us to infer that resistance exercise programs are more effective in increasing strength and functional autonomy, a fact that may mitigate the deleterious effects on health of aging.
Assuntos
Exercícios em Circuitos , Treinamento Resistido , Idoso , Exercícios em Circuitos/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Músculo Quadríceps , Treinamento Resistido/métodos , CaminhadaRESUMO
ABSTRACT The accelerated modernization process has entailed changes in the lifestyle of people, such as exposure to sedentary behavior, and this in turn may affect the nutritional status. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to analyze observational studies that assessed the association between exposure time to sedentary behavior and nutritional status (overweight/malnutrition) in individuals aged ≥60 years. BVS, PubMed and Web of Science were the databases used in the search for observational studies, published until November 28, 2017, which have examined the association between exposure time to sedentary behavior and nutritional status. Two authors undertook the reading of titles and abstracts and applied the STROBE checklist independently. The Odds Ratio was calculated using the random effects model. Eight studies were included in this meta-analysis and involved 21415 individuals. All the studies covered most of the items suggested by the STROBE checklist. Of the total, four studies showed association between sedentary behavior and nutritional status. Longer exposure to sedentary behavior did not increase the odds of overweight and/or obesity (OR 1.32; 95%; CI 0.95-1.84). It is suggested that further studies with standardized criteria for measuring sedentary behavior and nutritional status are undertaken. Level of Evidence II; Systematic review of level II studies.
RESUMO O acelerado processo de modernização tem acarretado mudanças no estilo de vida das pessoas, como a exposição ao comportamento sedentário, e esta, por sua vez, pode afetar o estado nutricional. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática com metanálise foi analisar estudos observacionais, que avaliaram a associação entre tempo de exposição ao comportamento sedentário e estado nutricional (excesso de peso/desnutrição) em indivíduos com idade ≥ 60 anos. BVS, PubMed e Web of Science foram as bases de dados utilizadas para a busca de estudos observacionais, publicados até 28 de novembro de 2017, que analisaram a associação entre tempo de exposição ao comportamento sedentário e estado nutricional. Dois autores realizaram a leitura de títulos e resumos e aplicaram o checklist STROBE de forma independente. Odds Ratio foi calculado utilizando o modelo de efeito aleatório. Foram incluídos nesta metanálise oito estudos, envolvendo 21415 indivíduos. Todos os estudos atenderam a maior parte dos itens sugeridos pelo checklist STROBE. Do total, quatro estudos apresentaram associação entre comportamento sedentário e estado nutricional. Maior tempo exposto ao comportamento sedentário não aumentou as chances de sobrepeso e/ou obesidade (OR 1,32; 95%; IC 0,95-1,84). Sugere-se que novos estudos com critérios padronizados de mensuração de comportamento sedentário e estado nutricional sejam realizados. Nível de Evidência II; Revisão sistemática de estudos de nível II.
RESUMEN El proceso de modernización acelerado ha consistido en cambios en el estilo de vida de las personas, entre ellas la exposición a conductas sedentarias, y esto, a su vez, puede afectar el estado nutricional. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática con meta-análisis fue analizar los estudios observacionales que evaluaron la asociación entre el tiempo de exposición a conductas sedentarias y estado nutricional (sobrepeso/desnutrición) en individuos de edad ≥60 años. BVS, PubMed y Web of Science fueron las bases de datos utilizadas para la búsqueda de estudios observacionales, publicadas hasta el 28 de noviembre de 2017, que han examinado la asociación entre el tiempo de exposición a conductas sedentarias y el estado nutricional. Dos autores realizaron la lectura de los títulos, resúmenes y aplicación de la lista de verificación STROBE, independientemente. El Odds Ratio se calculó utilizando el modelo de efectos aleatorios. Fueron incluidos en este meta-análisis ocho estudios, envolviendo 21415 individuos. Todos los estudios respondieron a la mayoría de los elementos sugeridos por la lista de verificación STROBE. Del total, cuatro estudios mostraron asociación entre conductas sedentarias y estado nutricional. Una mayor exposición a conductas sedentarias no ha aumentado las probabilidades de sobrepeso y obesidad (OR 1.32; 95%; IC 0.95-1.84). Se sugiere que estudios adicionales con criterios de medición estandarizada de conductas sedentarias y estado nutricional se lleve a cabo. Nivel de Evidencia II; Revisión sistemática de estudios de nivel II.