Assuntos

RESUMO

Diabetes has caused 5.1 million deaths, primarily from cardiovascular disease. Large clinical studies have proven the importance of intensive control of diabetes from diagnosis to prevent microvascular and macrovascular complications of the disease in the long term. Diabetes education conducted by an interdisciplinary team of doctors, nurses, nutritionists, psychologists, and others is a necessary tool to ensure effective behavioral change and help overcome the obstacles that may hinder self care. Several studies have been analyzed in this review, in which we find a variety of results. Diabetes education has proven to be essential to patient compliance with their T2DM treatment; the main objective is to prevent acute and chronic complications, especially cardiovascular ones, which are the main causes of mortality.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The present study on genetic diversity of human papillomaviruses in women infected by HIV in Brazil describes the frequency, the genotypes, and five new variants of HPV. One hundred fifty cervical smears of HIV-positive women were subjected to cytological examination, and the DNA samples obtained were assayed by MY09/MY11 amplification, followed by RFLP typing. The overall HPV-DNA-positive rate was 42.7%. One hundred twenty-two samples (81.3%) had benign cellular alterations or normal cytological results, and HPV DNA frequency among them was 30.3%. Otherwise, 96.4% of samples with altered cytology were positive for HPV DNA. A high diversity of genotypes was observed. HPVs-16 and 81 were the most prevalent (14.1%) and were followed by HPVs 52, 35, 62, 33, 53, 56, 66, 70, 18, 58, 6b, 11, 31, 39, 40, 61, 71, 32, 54, 59, 67, 68, 85, and 102. Five new variants of the high-risk HPVs 18, 33, 53, 59, and 66 were detected. Possible associations between the detection of HPV genotypes and the cytological classification, HIV viral load, CD4 count, and antiretroviral treatment were also examined. We observed that a high proportion of HIV-infected women are infected with HPV and may carry oncogenic genotypes, even when cytological evaluation shows normal results.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Geocomputation is an emerging field of research that advocates the use of computationally intensive techniques such as neural networks, heuristic search, and cellular automata for spatial data analysis. Since increasing amounts of health-related data are collected within a geographical frame of reference, geocomputational methods show increasing potential for health data analysis. This paper presents a brief survey of the geocomputational field, including some typical applications and references for further reading.

Assuntos

Assuntos

RESUMO

Group C rotaviruses are fastidious in their in vitro cell culture requirements. Recent serosurveys indicate that antibody to group C rotavirus is present in 3-45 per cent of the human population in certain geographic locations, suggesting that rotavirus group C infection is more prevalent than previously believed and that the low rate of detection of these agents is probably due to the lack of sensitive diagnostic assays. From March to December 1994, 406 fecal specimens were collected from children under five years of age who were outpatients at the emergency services of nine public hospitals in Brasília, Federal District, Brazil. In addition to the samples from children, one public outpatient unit requested virological investigation of a stool sample from an HIV-seropositive adult male with diarrhea of sudden onset. All samples were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay for group A rotavirus and adenovirus (EIARA) and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). One hundred and seven (26 per cent) were positive for group A rotavirus. Four samples from children and the sample from the HIV-seropositive patient, although negative by EIARA, showed a group C rotavirus profile by PAGE and were positive for rotavirus by electron microscopy. Using specific VP6 and VP7 primers for group C rotavirus, a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed and products were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. These products were confirmed to be specific for group C rotavirus by using digoxigenin-oligonucleotide probes, Southern hybridization and chemiluminescent detection. The five positive group C rotavirus samples were detected in August (3 samples) and September (2 samples). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of group C rotavirus detected in the Federal District, Brazil and in an HIV-seropositive patient with acute gastroenteritis.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Group C rotaviruses are fastidious in their in vitro cell culture requirements. Recent serosurveys indicate that antibody to group C rotavirus is present in 3-45% of the human population in certain geographic locations, suggesting that rotavirus group C infection is more prevalent than previously believed and that the low rate of detection of these agents is probably due to the lack of sensitive diagnostic assays. From March to December 1994, 406 fecal specimens were collected from children under five years of age who were outpatients at the emergency services of nine public hospitals in Brasília, Federal District, Brazil. In addition to the samples from children, one public outpatient unit requested virological investigation of a stool sample from an HIV-seropositive adult male with diarrhea of sudden onset. All samples were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay for group A rotavirus and adenovirus (EIARA) and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). One hundred and seven (26%) were positive for group A rotavirus. Four samples from children and the sample from the HIV-seropositive patient, although negative by EIARA, showed a group C rotavirus profile by PAGE and were positive for rotavirus by electron microscopy. Using specific VP6 and VP7 primers for group C rotavirus, a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed and products were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. These products were confirmed to be specific for group C rotavirus by using digoxigenin-oligonucleotide probes, Southern hybridization and chemiluminescent detection. The five positive group C rotavirus samples were detected in August (3 samples) and September (2 samples). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of group C rotavirus detected in the Federal District, Brazil and in an HIV-seropositive patient with acute gastroenteritis.

Assuntos

RESUMO

An experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the vegetative and productive behavior of three cultivars of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) related to the above ground architecture, in four planting spacings. The research was carried out in Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil from October 1993 to July 1994, on a Rhodic Kandindox soil. The treatments constituted of cultivars SRT 59 (Branca de Santa Catarina), IAC 576-70 and IAC 1287 (Fibra), described as low and open-angle branching, high and close-angle branching and no or late branching, respectively. Each treatment had three subtreatments of planting spacings: 1.0 m x 1.0 m; 1.0 m x 0.8 m, 1.0 m x 0.6 m and 1.0 m x 0.4 m, arranged in randomized blocks with subdivided plots and four replications. Each subplot was constituted of 4 lines with 10 plants each. Evaluations were performed on the 16 central plants of each subplot. The branching cultivars and the smallest planting spacings favored canopy closure. Smaller the planting spacings closer the branching angle and smaller the diameter of the primary stems for the branching cultivars the smaller the planting spaces the higher the root yield for the no branching cultivars.

Com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento vegetativo e produtivo de três cultivares de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) em relação à arquitetura da parte aérea, em quatro espaçamentos, realizou-se experimento de outubro de 1993 a julho de 1994, em solo Podzólico Vermelho Escuro Latossólico, do Município de Piracicaba, SP. Os cultivares SRT 59 com ramificação baixa em ângulo aberto, IAC 576-70 com ramificação alta em ângulo fechado e IAC 1287 sem ramificação, foram conduzidos sob os espaçamentos de 1,0 m x 0,4 m; 1,0 m x 0,6 m; 1,0 m x 0,8 m e 1,0 m x 1,0 m. O experimento foi delineado em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas, onde os espaçamentos representam as parcelas e os cultivares subparcelas. Cada parcela foi constituída por 4 linhas de 10 plantas, utilizando-se as 16 plantas centrais para obtenção de resultados relativos às seguintes propriedades: estandes inicial e final de plantas; número de hastes por planta; abertura de ramificação; diâmetro da haste principal e rendimento de raízes. Concluiu-se que: 1) cultivares que se ramificam e espaçamentos menores favorecem o fechamento precoce das copas; 2) menores espaçamentos reduziram o ângulo de ramificação e o diâmetro da haste principal nos cultivares que se ramificam; 3) menores espaçamentos aumentam o rendimento dos cultivares que não se ramificam.

RESUMO

This research deals with the viability study of using stem cuttings with three different diameters, related to three different positions in the cassava plant (Manihot esculenta Crantz), and evaluating the effects of such stem cuttings on the emergence, velocity, number and weight of tuberous roots per plant and yield of three cassava cultivars. The field research was conducted in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, during two years, from September 23, 1980 to July 23, 1981, and September 1, 1981 to July 20, 1982. The mature and healthy stem cuttings were obtained from 12 month old plants of the Mantiqueira, Jaçanã and Pirassununga cultivars. These cuttings (20 cm long) were divided into three diameter size classes: 2.6 ± .2 cm, 2.0 ± .2 cm and 1.4 ± .2 cm, representing stem cuttings taken from the main stem, the primary and the secondary ramification of the mother plants, respectively. The experimental design was a 3 x 3 factorial in randomized blocks with nine treatments in five blocks. The following conclusions are based on the results obtained: 1. The stem cutting vigor is more significantly shown in the stage of plant emergence. 2. Refering to the initial phases of the development, stem cuttings with 2.0 ± .2 cm or 2.6 ± .2 cm of diameters are prefered. 3. A smaller number of tuberous root yield per plant is compensated by a major tuberous root weight. 4. Neither stem cutting diameter nor stem cutting position influenced on root production per area. 5. The three cultivars used in the experiment showed a high root yield, and the cultivar Mantiqueira was the most productive.

Realizou-se esta pesquisa com a finalidade de se estudar a viabilidade da utilização de manivas com três diferentes diâmetros relacionados a três diferentes posições nas plantas de origem, avaliando-se seus efeitos na emergência, desenvolvimento e produção de três cultivares de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz). A pesquisa no campo foi realizada em dois anos, durante o período compreendido entre 23/09/1980 e 23/07/1981 e entre 01/09/1981 e 20/07/1982, em Piracicaba, SP. Ramas maduras e sadias foram obtidas de plantas com cerca de 12 meses de idade, pertencentes aos cultivares Mantiqueira, Jaçanã e Pirassununga. Destas ramas, foram preparadas manivas com comprimento de 20 cm e diâmetros de 2,6 ± 0,2 cm, 2,0 ± 0,2 cm e 1,4 ± 0,2 cm, representando, respectivamente, manivas retiradas das hastes principais, ramificações primárias e ramificações secundárias das plantas de origem. O delineamento experimental foi um fatorial 3 x 3 em blocos casualizados com nove tratamentos e cinco repetições. Foram determinados a velocidade e porcentagem de emergência, número de raízes tuberosas por planta, massa da raiz e o rendimento de raízes. De acordo com os resultados obtidos pode-se concluir: 1) O vigor da muda de mandioca, expresso através dos diversos diâmetros da maniva, manifesta-se significativamente no estádio de emergência da cultura; 2) Manivas com 2,0 ± 0,2 cm ou 2,6 ± 0,2 cm de diâmetros, retiradas respectivamente das ramificações primárias e hastes principais, devem ser preferidas para maior velocidade e porcentagem de emergência; 3) Menor número de raízes tuberosas produzidas por planta é compensado pela maior massa individual da raiz; 4) Para a produção de raízes por área, é indiferente a utilização de manivas com diâmetro de 2,6 ± 0,2 cm, 2,0 ± 0,2 cm e 1,4 ± 0,2 cm; 5) Os três cultivares utilizados no experimento são de alto rendimento em raízes, destacando-se o cultivar Mantiqueira.

RESUMO

As part of the official network trials for soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) cultivar screening in the State of São Paulo-Brazil, a field experiment was installed in Piracicaba, to evaluate the growth and yield performance of short maturity genotypes. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 20 treatments (cultivars and breeding lines) and 4 replications on a Kandiudalfic Eutrodox soil. The plots were 2.50 m wide and 5.0 m long, with 4 planting lines spaced 0.50 m. The cultivar IAS-5 (the most used in the State of São Paulo) and IAC-17 (with high yields in the trials of the last years) were introduced as standards for comparision with the newly developed cultivars and lines. The following characteristics were evaluated: initial plant population, flowering date, maturation date, plant height at flowering and maturation, first pod insertion height, degree of lodging and grain yield. Lower plant population reduced plant height at maturation, first pod insertion height and grain yield. The lines BR 92-4428, BR 92-6528, IAC 93-680, IAC 90-938, IDS 413-F4, IAC 93-598 and IAC 90-1000 were the most productive, with yields above the standards. The lines FT 90-2687 and BR 92-5261 presented the lowest yields.

Como parte da rede oficial do Estado de São Paulo relativa à competição de linhagens de soja, desenvolveu-se no município de Piracicaba-SP, durante o ano agrícola 1996/97, experimento de campo visando avaliar o desempenho vegetativo e produtivo de linhagens e cultivares de soja (Glycine max L. Merrill) pertencentes ao ciclo de maturação precoce. Delineado em blocos ao acaso com 20 tratamentos (linhagens e cultivares) e 4 repetições, o experimento foi instalado em Terra Roxa Estruturada eutrófica. As parcelas foram constituídas por 4 linhas espaçadas entre si de 0,50 m com 5,0 m de comprimento. Como padrões de comparação das novas linhagens, foram utilizados os cultivares IAS-5 (atualmente o mais cultivado no Estado de São Paulo) e IAC-17 (com elevada produtividade nos últimos ensaios no Estado de São Paulo). Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: estande inicial; época de florescimento; época de maturação; altura de planta no florescimento e na maturação; altura de inserção da primeira vagem; grau de acamamento e rendimento em grãos. Concluiu-se que: a) baixo estande de plantas promoveu menor altura final, menor altura de inserção de vagem e menor rendimento em grãos; b) as linhagens BR 92-4428, BR 92-6528, IAC 93-680, IAC 90-938, IDS 413-F4, IAC 93-598 e IAC 90-1000, foram as mais produtivas, superando ambos os padrões; c) as linhagens FT 90-2687 e BR 92-5261, apresentaram os piores rendimentos.

RESUMO

As part of the official network trials for soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) cultivar screening in the State of São Paulo-Brazil, a field experiment was installed in Piracicaba, to evaluate the growth and yield performance of short maturity genotypes. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 20 treatments (cultivars and breeding lines) and 4 replications on a Kandiudalfic Eutrodox soil. The plots were 2.50 m wide and 5.0 m long, with 4 planting lines spaced 0.50 m. The cultivar IAS-5 (the most used in the State of São Paulo) and IAC-17 (with high yields in the trials of the last years) were introduced as standards for comparision with the newly developed cultivars and lines. The following characteristics were evaluated: initial plant population, flowering date, maturation date, plant height at flowering and maturation, first pod insertion height, degree of lodging and grain yield. Lower plant population reduced plant height at maturation, first pod insertion height and grain yield. The lines BR 92-4428, BR 92-6528, IAC 93-680, IAC 90-938, IDS 413-F4, IAC 93-598 and IAC 90-1000 were the most productive, with yields above the standards. The lines FT 90-2687 and BR 92-5261 presented the lowest yields.

Como parte da rede oficial do Estado de São Paulo relativa à competição de linhagens de soja, desenvolveu-se no município de Piracicaba-SP, durante o ano agrícola 1996/97, experimento de campo visando avaliar o desempenho vegetativo e produtivo de linhagens e cultivares de soja (Glycine max L. Merrill) pertencentes ao ciclo de maturação precoce. Delineado em blocos ao acaso com 20 tratamentos (linhagens e cultivares) e 4 repetições, o experimento foi instalado em Terra Roxa Estruturada eutrófica. As parcelas foram constituídas por 4 linhas espaçadas entre si de 0,50 m com 5,0 m de comprimento. Como padrões de comparação das novas linhagens, foram utilizados os cultivares IAS-5 (atualmente o mais cultivado no Estado de São Paulo) e IAC-17 (com elevada produtividade nos últimos ensaios no Estado de São Paulo). Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: estande inicial; época de florescimento; época de maturação; altura de planta no florescimento e na maturação; altura de inserção da primeira vagem; grau de acamamento e rendimento em grãos. Concluiu-se que: a) baixo estande de plantas promoveu menor altura final, menor altura de inserção de vagem e menor rendimento em grãos; b) as linhagens BR 92-4428, BR 92-6528, IAC 93-680, IAC 90-938, IDS 413-F4, IAC 93-598 e IAC 90-1000, foram as mais produtivas, superando ambos os padrões; c) as linhagens FT 90-2687 e BR 92-5261, apresentaram os piores rendimentos.

RESUMO

This research deals with the viability study of using stem cuttings with three different diameters, related to three different positions in the cassava plant (Manihot esculenta Crantz), and evaluating the effects of such stem cuttings on the emergence, velocity, number and weight of tuberous roots per plant and yield of three cassava cultivars. The field research was conducted in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, during two years, from September 23, 1980 to July 23, 1981, and September 1, 1981 to July 20, 1982. The mature and healthy stem cuttings were obtained from 12 month old plants of the Mantiqueira, Jaçanã and Pirassununga cultivars. These cuttings (20 cm long) were divided into three diameter size classes: 2.6 ± .2 cm, 2.0 ± .2 cm and 1.4 ± .2 cm, representing stem cuttings taken from the main stem, the primary and the secondary ramification of the mother plants, respectively. The experimental design was a 3 x 3 factorial in randomized blocks with nine treatments in five blocks. The following conclusions are based on the results obtained: 1. The stem cutting vigor is more significantly shown in the stage of plant emergence. 2. Refering to the initial phases of the development, stem cuttings with 2.0 ± .2 cm or 2.6 ± .2 cm of diameters are prefered. 3. A smaller number of tuberous root yield per plant is compensated by a major tuberous root weight. 4. Neither stem cutting diameter nor stem cutting position influenced on root production per area. 5. The three cultivars used in the experiment showed a high root yield, and the cultivar Mantiqueira was the most productive.

Realizou-se esta pesquisa com a finalidade de se estudar a viabilidade da utilização de manivas com três diferentes diâmetros relacionados a três diferentes posições nas plantas de origem, avaliando-se seus efeitos na emergência, desenvolvimento e produção de três cultivares de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz). A pesquisa no campo foi realizada em dois anos, durante o período compreendido entre 23/09/1980 e 23/07/1981 e entre 01/09/1981 e 20/07/1982, em Piracicaba, SP. Ramas maduras e sadias foram obtidas de plantas com cerca de 12 meses de idade, pertencentes aos cultivares Mantiqueira, Jaçanã e Pirassununga. Destas ramas, foram preparadas manivas com comprimento de 20 cm e diâmetros de 2,6 ± 0,2 cm, 2,0 ± 0,2 cm e 1,4 ± 0,2 cm, representando, respectivamente, manivas retiradas das hastes principais, ramificações primárias e ramificações secundárias das plantas de origem. O delineamento experimental foi um fatorial 3 x 3 em blocos casualizados com nove tratamentos e cinco repetições. Foram determinados a velocidade e porcentagem de emergência, número de raízes tuberosas por planta, massa da raiz e o rendimento de raízes. De acordo com os resultados obtidos pode-se concluir: 1) O vigor da muda de mandioca, expresso através dos diversos diâmetros da maniva, manifesta-se significativamente no estádio de emergência da cultura; 2) Manivas com 2,0 ± 0,2 cm ou 2,6 ± 0,2 cm de diâmetros, retiradas respectivamente das ramificações primárias e hastes principais, devem ser preferidas para maior velocidade e porcentagem de emergência; 3) Menor número de raízes tuberosas produzidas por planta é compensado pela maior massa individual da raiz; 4) Para a produção de raízes por área, é indiferente a utilização de manivas com diâmetro de 2,6 ± 0,2 cm, 2,0 ± 0,2 cm e 1,4 ± 0,2 cm; 5) Os três cultivares utilizados no experimento são de alto rendimento em raízes, destacando-se o cultivar Mantiqueira.

RESUMO

An experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the vegetative and productive behavior of three cultivars of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) related to the above ground architecture, in four planting spacings. The research was carried out in Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil from October 1993 to July 1994, on a Rhodic Kandindox soil. The treatments constituted of cultivars SRT 59 (Branca de Santa Catarina), IAC 576-70 and IAC 1287 (Fibra), described as low and open-angle branching, high and close-angle branching and no or late branching, respectively. Each treatment had three subtreatments of planting spacings: 1.0 m x 1.0 m; 1.0 m x 0.8 m, 1.0 m x 0.6 m and 1.0 m x 0.4 m, arranged in randomized blocks with subdivided plots and four replications. Each subplot was constituted of 4 lines with 10 plants each. Evaluations were performed on the 16 central plants of each subplot. The branching cultivars and the smallest planting spacings favored canopy closure. Smaller the planting spacings closer the branching angle and smaller the diameter of the primary stems for the branching cultivars the smaller the planting spaces the higher the root yield for the no branching cultivars.

Com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento vegetativo e produtivo de três cultivares de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) em relação à arquitetura da parte aérea, em quatro espaçamentos, realizou-se experimento de outubro de 1993 a julho de 1994, em solo Podzólico Vermelho Escuro Latossólico, do Município de Piracicaba, SP. Os cultivares SRT 59 com ramificação baixa em ângulo aberto, IAC 576-70 com ramificação alta em ângulo fechado e IAC 1287 sem ramificação, foram conduzidos sob os espaçamentos de 1,0 m x 0,4 m; 1,0 m x 0,6 m; 1,0 m x 0,8 m e 1,0 m x 1,0 m. O experimento foi delineado em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas, onde os espaçamentos representam as parcelas e os cultivares subparcelas. Cada parcela foi constituída por 4 linhas de 10 plantas, utilizando-se as 16 plantas centrais para obtenção de resultados relativos às seguintes propriedades: estandes inicial e final de plantas; número de hastes por planta; abertura de ramificação; diâmetro da haste principal e rendimento de raízes. Concluiu-se que: 1) cultivares que se ramificam e espaçamentos menores favorecem o fechamento precoce das copas; 2) menores espaçamentos reduziram o ângulo de ramificação e o diâmetro da haste principal nos cultivares que se ramificam; 3) menores espaçamentos aumentam o rendimento dos cultivares que não se ramificam.

RESUMO

With the purpose to evaluate the effect of short (12 hours) and long (13 and 14 hours) photoperiods and air temperature regimes (winter and summer growing seasons) on soybean behaviour, greenhouse experiments were installed at the Federal University of Viçosa, Brasil, from June 1984 to December 1985. In each experiment, under a completely randomized design with 12 treatments (soybean cultivars) and eight replicates: duration of vegetative period from emergency to stage R1 or flowering (DVP, in days); plant height (PH, m); number of nodes per plant at stage R1 (NNP); and duration of soybean cycle from emergency to stage R7 or physiological maturity point (DC, days), were evaluated. The results permit to conclude that: the vegetative period from emergency to flowering and the juvenile period are significantly affected by the photoperiod and temperature differences; shorter photoperiods or higher temperatures anticipate flowering; longer photoperiods under the same temperature regime or higher temperature under the same photoperiod regime result in higher plants.

Experimentos em casa-de-vegetacão visando estudar o comportamento de cultivares de soja perante fotoperíodo curto (12 horas) e longo (13 e 14 horas) e na presença de temperaturas variáveis em função de diferentes épocas de semeadura, foram instalados na Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brasil, durante o período de junho de 1984 a dezembro de 1985. Delineado inteiramente ao acaso, cada experimento contou com doze cultivares de soja repetidos oito vezes por época. Avaliaram-se as seguintes características: duração do subperíodo emergência - inicio do florescimento, altura de planta e número de nós vegetativos formados por planta e duração do subperíodo emergencia - maturidade fisiológica. Concluiu-se que a fase fenológica da soja compreendida entre a emergência e o inicio do florescimento é significativamente influenciada pelas variações do fotoperíodo e da temperatura do ar; fotoperíodo e temperatura interferem com a duração fenológica do período juvenil da soja e acréscimos de fotoperíodo e de temperatura antecipam o florescimento da soja e aumentam a altura de suas plantas.

RESUMO

With the purpose to evaluate the effect of short (12 hours) and long (13 and 14 hours) photoperiods and air temperature regimes (winter and summer growing seasons) on soybean behaviour, greenhouse experiments were installed at the Federal University of Viçosa, Brasil, from June 1984 to December 1985. In each experiment, under a completely randomized design with 12 treatments (soybean cultivars) and eight replicates: duration of vegetative period from emergency to stage R1 or flowering (DVP, in days); plant height (PH, m); number of nodes per plant at stage R1 (NNP); and duration of soybean cycle from emergency to stage R7 or physiological maturity point (DC, days), were evaluated. The results permit to conclude that: the vegetative period from emergency to flowering and the juvenile period are significantly affected by the photoperiod and temperature differences; shorter photoperiods or higher temperatures anticipate flowering; longer photoperiods under the same temperature regime or higher temperature under the same photoperiod regime result in higher plants.

Experimentos em casa-de-vegetacão visando estudar o comportamento de cultivares de soja perante fotoperíodo curto (12 horas) e longo (13 e 14 horas) e na presença de temperaturas variáveis em função de diferentes épocas de semeadura, foram instalados na Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brasil, durante o período de junho de 1984 a dezembro de 1985. Delineado inteiramente ao acaso, cada experimento contou com doze cultivares de soja repetidos oito vezes por época. Avaliaram-se as seguintes características: duração do subperíodo emergência - inicio do florescimento, altura de planta e número de nós vegetativos formados por planta e duração do subperíodo emergencia - maturidade fisiológica. Concluiu-se que a fase fenológica da soja compreendida entre a emergência e o inicio do florescimento é significativamente influenciada pelas variações do fotoperíodo e da temperatura do ar; fotoperíodo e temperatura interferem com a duração fenológica do período juvenil da soja e acréscimos de fotoperíodo e de temperatura antecipam o florescimento da soja e aumentam a altura de suas plantas.

RESUMO

This research was conducted in two experimental areas; the first had been under cultivation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum anually inoculated for several years and the second was cultivated with sugarcane for many years receiving only mineral fertilization. Mineral nitrogen (urea and ammonium) effect was compared with the effects of inoculant treatments (liquid and peat carriers) on plant development, yield and seed quality. After harvesting, seeds were stored under normal environmental conditions and tested periodically. Germination, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and seedling emergence tests showed that seeds coming from the area where inoculation was practiced have better quality. Best plant performance regarding plant height at different growth stages and yield was also found in this area. Among the nitrogen sources studied, best results were obtained when peat was the inoculant carrier.

A pesquisa foi conduzida em duas áreas experimentais do Departamento de Agricultura, ESALQ/USP. A primeira, cultivada com soja anualmente inoculada com Bradyrhizobium japonicum, durante vários anos e, a segunda, anteriormente cultivada com cana-de-açúcar, recebendo apenas adubação mineral. Os efeitos da aplicação de uréia e de sulfato de amonio foram comparados com os da inoculação de sementes, utilizando-se, produtos veiculados em turfa ou em meio líquido; avaliaram-se o desenvolvimento das plantas, a produção final e a qualidade das sementes (testes de germinação e de vigor) logo após a colheita e durante o armazenamento. Os resultados permitiram constatar o melhor desempenho fisiológico das sementes produzidas em área anteriormente cultivada com soja, o mesmo ocorrendo com o desenvolvimento inicial das plantas. Dentre as fontes de nitrogênio avaliadas, a utilização de inoculante veiculado em turfa se mostrou mais favorável.

RESUMO

This research was conducted in two experimental areas; the first had been under cultivation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum anually inoculated for several years and the second was cultivated with sugarcane for many years receiving only mineral fertilization. Mineral nitrogen (urea and ammonium) effect was compared with the effects of inoculant treatments (liquid and peat carriers) on plant development, yield and seed quality. After harvesting, seeds were stored under normal environmental conditions and tested periodically. Germination, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and seedling emergence tests showed that seeds coming from the area where inoculation was practiced have better quality. Best plant performance regarding plant height at different growth stages and yield was also found in this area. Among the nitrogen sources studied, best results were obtained when peat was the inoculant carrier.

A pesquisa foi conduzida em duas áreas experimentais do Departamento de Agricultura, ESALQ/USP. A primeira, cultivada com soja anualmente inoculada com Bradyrhizobium japonicum, durante vários anos e, a segunda, anteriormente cultivada com cana-de-açúcar, recebendo apenas adubação mineral. Os efeitos da aplicação de uréia e de sulfato de amonio foram comparados com os da inoculação de sementes, utilizando-se, produtos veiculados em turfa ou em meio líquido; avaliaram-se o desenvolvimento das plantas, a produção final e a qualidade das sementes (testes de germinação e de vigor) logo após a colheita e durante o armazenamento. Os resultados permitiram constatar o melhor desempenho fisiológico das sementes produzidas em área anteriormente cultivada com soja, o mesmo ocorrendo com o desenvolvimento inicial das plantas. Dentre as fontes de nitrogênio avaliadas, a utilização de inoculante veiculado em turfa se mostrou mais favorável.

RESUMO

Rotavirus testing was performed on fecal samples of 607 infants and young children aging from 0 to 6 years with acute diarrhoea between May 1986 and April 1990. Samples were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Rotaviruses were detected in 123 samples (20.27%); from those, 107 (87.00%) were classified as subgroup II (long profile). Rotaviruses were not detected in the control group of healthy children, but it were present in 7.80% of the children hospitalized for other causes but acute diarrhoea. Most of the children with rotavirus infection ranged from 6 to 24 months of age (73.98%). The mean of positive cases during the rainy months (October to April) was of 9.60% and during the dry period was of 34.48%. The highest values were 53.17 and 73.27% in June and July, the coldest months of the year.

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