RESUMO
Background: 20q11.2 microdeletion syndrome [ORPHA: 444051] is a rare disease, since 16 patients have been reported in literature worldwide. Prevalence ratio is < 1:1,000,000 individuals. Haploinsufficiency on GDF5, SAMHD1 and EPB41L1 genes is important due to phenotypic manifestations in patients. Clinical features can be grouped into craniofacial abnormalities, limb abnormalities, neurological and perinatal disorders. The aim of this report is to present a clinical case of 20q11.21-q11.23 microdeletion, to describe clinical manifestations found, to compare them with features reported in literature, and to contribute to the phenotypic spectrum expansion. Clinical case: 5-year-old female patient who presented hypotonia, psychomotor retardation, microcephaly, facial dysmorphia, pectus excavatum, thoracolumbar scoliosis, right hip subluxation, camptodactyly and clinodactyly. Karyotype test was normal and SNP microarray test reported deletion of chromosomal region 20q11.21-q11.23. Conclusions: It was presented a 20q11.2 microdeletion syndrome confirmed case that shares the features reported in literature, in addition to previously unreported features, such as blepharoptosis, pectus excavatum, scoliosis and hip dysplasia. Interdisciplinary management is important to improve the patient's condition (in her 3 spheres), in order to achieve her best possible health status.
Introducción: el síndrome de microdeleción 20q11.2 [ORPHA: 444051] es una enfermedad rara, pues se han reportado 16 casos a nivel mundial. Su prevalencia se estima en < 1:1,000,000 de nacidos vivos. Induce haploinsuficiencia en los genes GDF5, SAMHD1 y EPB41L1, los cuales son de importancia clínica por las manifestaciones fenotípicas. Se caracteriza por anomalías craneofaciales, anomalías de extremidades, alteraciones neurológicas y perinatales. El objetivo de este reporte es presentar un caso de microdeleción 20q11.21-q11.23, describir las manifestaciones clínicas encontradas, compararlo con lo reportado en la literatura y colaborar en la ampliación del espectro fenotípico. Caso clínico: paciente del sexo femenino de 5 años que presentó hipotonía, retraso psicomotor, microcefalia, dismorfias faciales, pectus excavatum, escoliosis toracolumbar, subluxación de cadera derecha, camptodactilia y clinodactilia. La prueba de cariotipo se reportó sin alteraciones y el ensayo de microarreglo de polimorfismos de un nucleótido (SNP) reportó deleción de la región cromosómica 20q11.21-q11.23. Conclusiones: se presentó un caso confirmado de síndrome de microdeleción 20q11.2 que comparte las características reportadas en la literatura, además de características no reportadas previamente, como ptosis palpebral, pectus excavatum, escoliosis y displasia del desarrollo de cadera. Es importante el manejo interdisciplinario para buscar mejoría en la condición de la paciente (en sus 3 esferas), a fin de alcanzar el mejor estado de salud posible.
Assuntos
Fenótipo , Humanos , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Síndrome de DiGeorge/genética , Síndrome de DiGeorge/diagnóstico , Deleção CromossômicaRESUMO
Bioactive plants such as P. aduncum, M. citrifolia, and A. altilis might improve intestinal health as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the ethanolic extracts (EEs) of these plants on the intestinal health of broiler chickens. Cobb 500 chickens (n = 352) were distributed into eight treatments with four replicates and 11 chickens each. T1 received a base diet, and T2 received a base diet with 0.005% zinc bacitracin. T3, T5, and T7 were supplemented with 0.005% of P. aduncum, M. citrifolia, and A. altilis EE in the diet while T4, T6, and T8 with 0.01% of the extract. The EEs were supplemented with drinking water from 1 to 26 days of age. The following parameters were evaluated: hematological profiles at 28 days of age, blood metabolites profiles at 14, 21, and 28 days; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Lactobacillus sp. abundance in the ileum mucosa and content at 21 and 28 days, and histomorphometry of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum mucosa at 14, 21, and 28 d. Final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion rate (FCR) were evaluated at seven, 21, and 33 days of age. M. citrifolia and A. altilis EE at 0.01% increased blood glucose levels at 21 and 28 days of age, respectively, and P. aduncum and M. citrifolia EE at 0.01% increased triglycerides at 28 days of age; in addition, this EE did not have any effect on the AST and ALT profiles. The depths of the Lieberkühn crypts and the villi length to the crypt's depth ratio increased with age on supplementation with 0.01% M. citrifolia and A. altilis EE at 21 days of age (p < 0.05). In addition, the depth of the crypts increased at 28 days of age (p < 0.05) in chickens supplemented with 0.01% A. altilis EE. The 0.01% M. citrifolia EE in diet decreased in the Staphylococcus aureus population in the ileal microbiota (p < 0.05). The FW and WG during the fattening and in the three stages overall increased, and the FCR decreased; however, the FI and the carcass yield did not change in the broiler chickens supplemented with 0.01% M. citrifolia EE (p < 0.05). Conclusively, the M. citrifolia EE at 0.01% of the diet improved intestinal health and thus the performance indices of the broiler chickens and did not have a detrimental effect on any of the parameters evaluated, so it is postulated as a potential alternative to AGP in poultry.
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Abstract Background: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2Q (CMT2Q) is a rare disorder (< 1/1,000,000 individuals worldwide) linked to chromosome 10p14 in the DHTKD1 gene. This phenotype is characterized by an adolescent or adulthood-onset, slowly progressive distal muscle weakness and symmetrical atrophy associated with reduced or absent deep tendon reflexes. Currently, only two familiar cases from China have been reported: one familiar case of eight individuals affected by isolated DHTKD1 gene mutation and one familiar case of two individuals affected by DHTKD1 gene mutation and GJB1 gene mutation. Case report: We present the case of a 10-year-old male patient with obesity, frequent falls, swollen legs and thighs, and pain in the lower and upper limbs. We performed the clinical evaluation and a clinical targeted exome test, which reported mutations on DHTKD1 y NTRK2 genes. Conclusions: Due to scientific and technological advances, genetic dysfunctions that can cause different diseases have been identified with greater sensitivity. Globally, this is the eleventh case reported of DHTKD1 gene mutation linked to CMT2Q. Moreover, this is the first case related to NTRK2 gene mutation (linked to obesity, hyperphagia, and delayed development). The patient showed an atypical CMT2Q phenotype additional to obesity. Therefore, we propose to study metabolic disorders linked to hereditary peripheral neuropathies.
Resumen Introducción: La enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth tipo 2Q (CMT2Q) es una alteración poco frecuente (< 1/1,000,000 habitantes en todo el mundo) condicionada por mutaciones en el gen DHTKD1, localizado en el cromosoma 10p14. El padecimiento inicia en la adolescencia o la edad adulta de manera lenta y progresiva, con debilidad muscular y atrofia distal simétrica, y afecta predominantemente las extremidades inferiores y los reflejos tendinosos profundos, que se encuentran reducidos o ausentes. Solo se ha reportado un caso familiar de ocho personas afectadas con la mutación aislada en el gen DHTKD1 y un caso familiar de dos personas afectadas con mutaciones en los genes DHTKD1 y GJB1, ambas familias de China. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de 10 años y 11 meses de edad con obesidad, caídas frecuentes, edema de miembros pélvicos y dolor en las extremidades inferiores y superiores. Se realizaron valoración clínica y estudio genético molecular de exoma dirigido, el cual reportó mutaciones en los genes DHTKD1 y NTRK2. Conclusiones: Gracias al avance científico y tecnológico se han podido identificar con mayor precisión las alteraciones genéticas causantes de diferentes enfermedades. Este es el undécimo caso reportado en el mundo de una mutación en el gen DHTKD1 asociada con la enfermedad de CMT2Q. También es el primer caso relacionado con una mutación del gen NTRK2 (asociada con obesidad, hiperfagia y retraso en el desarrollo). El paciente presentó un cuadro clínico atípico de enfermedad de CMT2Q agregado a obesidad. Por ello, se sugiere estudiar a fondo la conexión entre trastornos metabólicos y neuropatías periféricas hereditarias.
RESUMO
Background: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2Q (CMT2Q) is a rare disorder (< 1/1,000,000 individuals worldwide) linked to chromosome 10p14 in the DHTKD1 gene. This phenotype is characterized by an adolescent or adulthood-onset, slowly progressive distal muscle weakness and symmetrical atrophy associated with reduced or absent deep tendon reflexes. Currently, only two familiar cases from China have been reported: one familiar case of eight individuals affected by isolated DHTKD1 gene mutation and one familiar case of two individuals affected by DHTKD1 gene mutation and GJB1 gene mutation. Case report: We present the case of a 10-year-old male patient with obesity, frequent falls, swollen legs and thighs, and pain in the lower and upper limbs. We performed the clinical evaluation and a clinical targeted exome test, which reported mutations on DHTKD1 y NTRK2 genes. Conclusions: Due to scientific and technological advances, genetic dysfunctions that can cause different diseases have been identified with greater sensitivity. Globally, this is the eleventh case reported of DHTKD1 gene mutation linked to CMT2Q. Moreover, this is the first case related to NTRK2 gene mutation (linked to obesity, hyperphagia, and delayed development). The patient showed an atypical CMT2Q phenotype additional to obesity. Therefore, we propose to study metabolic disorders linked to hereditary peripheral neuropathies.
Introducción: La enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth tipo 2Q (CMT2Q) es una alteración poco frecuente (< 1/1,000,000 habitantes en todo el mundo) condicionada por mutaciones en el gen DHTKD1, localizado en el cromosoma 10p14. El padecimiento inicia en la adolescencia o la edad adulta de manera lenta y progresiva, con debilidad muscular y atrofia distal simétrica, y afecta predominantemente las extremidades inferiores y los reflejos tendinosos profundos, que se encuentran reducidos o ausentes. Solo se ha reportado un caso familiar de ocho personas afectadas con la mutación aislada en el gen DHTKD1 y un caso familiar de dos personas afectadas con mutaciones en los genes DHTKD1 y GJB1, ambas familias de China. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de 10 años y 11 meses de edad con obesidad, caídas frecuentes, edema de miembros pélvicos y dolor en las extremidades inferiores y superiores. Se realizaron valoración clínica y estudio genético molecular de exoma dirigido, el cual reportó mutaciones en los genes DHTKD1 y NTRK2. Conclusiones: Gracias al avance científico y tecnológico se han podido identificar con mayor precisión las alteraciones genéticas causantes de diferentes enfermedades. Este es el undécimo caso reportado en el mundo de una mutación en el gen DHTKD1 asociada con la enfermedad de CMT2Q. También es el primer caso relacionado con una mutación del gen NTRK2 (asociada con obesidad, hiperfagia y retraso en el desarrollo). El paciente presentó un cuadro clínico atípico de enfermedad de CMT2Q agregado a obesidad. Por ello, se sugiere estudiar a fondo la conexión entre trastornos metabólicos y neuropatías periféricas hereditarias.
Assuntos
Doença de Charcot-Marie-Tooth , Cetona Oxirredutases , Adolescente , Adulto , Doença de Charcot-Marie-Tooth/diagnóstico , Doença de Charcot-Marie-Tooth/genética , Criança , China , Humanos , Complexo Cetoglutarato Desidrogenase , Cetona Oxirredutases/genética , Masculino , Glicoproteínas de Membrana , Mutação , Fenótipo , Receptor trkBRESUMO
ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effect of the three inulin levels (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%) supplemented as a substitute for an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP, zinc bacitracin) and control in guinea pigs raised for human consumption. Fifty 14-day-old male guinea pigs were used. Productive parameters (weight gain, total dry matter intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR)) and intestinal morphology of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum at slaughter (70 days of age) were evaluated. An inverse relationship was observed between inulin levels and FCR (linear effect; P = 0.006). There was no statistically significant effect of the treatments on total dry matter intake and weight gain (P > 0.05). A linear effect of the inulin level on the villi's length (VL), villi's width (VW), and length/depth ratio (VL/DC) in the duodenum; VW in the jejunum; and VL in the ileum (P <0 .05) was reported. In conclusion, a linear effect of the increasing doses of inulin was found on the FCR and the morphological parameters of the duodenum's integrity, and no differences in the effects of the inulin added to the diet and the treatment with AGP were found.
RESUMO: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação na dieta de cobaias com inulina, em níveis crescentes (0,1%, 0,2%, 0,4%) como substituto para um antibiótico promotor de crescimento (AGP, bacitracina de zinco) além do grupo controle (dieta padrão). Foram utilizados 50 porquinhos-da-índia machos com 14 dias de idade. Os parâmetros produtivos foram avaliados do desmame aos 70 dias de idade e os parâmetros morfológicos intestinais foram avaliados no duodeno, jejuno e íleo no momento do abate. Foi encontrado um efeito linear do nível de inulina sobre na taxa de conversão alimentar (FCR; P = 0,006), indicando que em níveis mais elevados de inulina o FCR diminui. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos quando avaliado o efeito dos diferentes tratamentos sobre o consumo de ração e ganho de peso corporal (P > 0,05). Um efeito linear do nível de inulina foi encontrado no comprimento das vilosidades (VL), na largura das vilosidades (VW) e na relação comprimento / profundidade (VL/DC) no duodeno, sobre a VW no jejuno; e no VL no íleo (P < 0,05). Em conclusão, um efeito linear do aumento do nível de inulina foi encontrado na taxa de conversão alimentar e nos parâmetros morfológicos da integridade do duodeno, além disso, não houve diferença entre a adição de inulina na dieta e o tratamento com um antibiótico promotor de crescimento.
RESUMO
This study evaluated the effect of the three inulin levels (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%) supplemented as a substitute for an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP, zinc bacitracin) and control in guinea pigs raised for human consumption. Fifty 14-day-old male guinea pigs were used. Productive parameters (weight gain, total dry matter intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR)) and intestinal morphology of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum at slaughter (70 days of age) were evaluated. An inverse relationship was observed between inulin levels and FCR (linear effect; P = 0.006). There was no statistically significant effect of the treatments on total dry matter intake and weight gain (P > 0.05). A linear effect of the inulin level on the villis length (VL), villis width (VW), and length/depth ratio (VL/DC) in the duodenum; VW in the jejunum; and VL in the ileum (P <0 .05) was reported. In conclusion, a linear effect of the increasing doses of inulin was found on the FCR and the morphological parameters of the duodenums integrity, and no differences in the effects of the inulin added to the diet and the treatment with AGP were found.
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação na dieta de cobaias com inulina, em níveis crescentes (0,1%, 0,2%, 0,4%) como substituto para um antibiótico promotor de crescimento (AGP, bacitracina de zinco) além do grupo controle (dieta padrão). Foram utilizados 50 porquinhos-da-índia machos com 14 dias de idade. Os parâmetros produtivos foram avaliados do desmame aos 70 dias de idade e os parâmetros morfológicos intestinais foram avaliados no duodeno, jejuno e íleo no momento do abate. Foi encontrado um efeito linear do nível de inulina sobre na taxa de conversão alimentar (FCR; P = 0,006), indicando que em níveis mais elevados de inulina o FCR diminui. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos quando avaliado o efeito dos diferentes tratamentos sobre o consumo de ração e ganho de peso corporal (P > 0,05). Um efeito linear do nível de inulina foi encontrado no comprimento das vilosidades (VL), na largura das vilosidades (VW) e na relação comprimento / profundidade (VL/DC) no duodeno, sobre a VW no jejuno; e no VL no íleo (P < 0,05). Em conclusão, um efeito linear do aumento do nível de inulina foi encontrado na taxa de conversão alimentar e nos parâmetros morfológicos da integridade do duodeno, além disso, não houve diferença entre a adição de inulina na dieta e o tratamento com um antibiótico promotor de crescimento.
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Cobaias , Cobaias/anatomia & histologia , Cobaias/metabolismo , Intestinos/anatomia & histologia , Inulina/administração & dosagem , Inulina/efeitos adversosRESUMO
This study evaluated the effect of the three inulin levels (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%) supplemented as a substitute for an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP, zinc bacitracin) and control in guinea pigs raised for human consumption. Fifty 14-day-old male guinea pigs were used. Productive parameters (weight gain, total dry matter intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR)) and intestinal morphology of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum at slaughter (70 days of age) were evaluated. An inverse relationship was observed between inulin levels and FCR (linear effect; P = 0.006). There was no statistically significant effect of the treatments on total dry matter intake and weight gain (P > 0.05). A linear effect of the inulin level on the villis length (VL), villis width (VW), and length/depth ratio (VL/DC) in the duodenum; VW in the jejunum; and VL in the ileum (P <0 .05) was reported. In conclusion, a linear effect of the increasing doses of inulin was found on the FCR and the morphological parameters of the duodenums integrity, and no differences in the effects of the inulin added to the diet and the treatment with AGP were found.(AU)
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação na dieta de cobaias com inulina, em níveis crescentes (0,1%, 0,2%, 0,4%) como substituto para um antibiótico promotor de crescimento (AGP, bacitracina de zinco) além do grupo controle (dieta padrão). Foram utilizados 50 porquinhos-da-índia machos com 14 dias de idade. Os parâmetros produtivos foram avaliados do desmame aos 70 dias de idade e os parâmetros morfológicos intestinais foram avaliados no duodeno, jejuno e íleo no momento do abate. Foi encontrado um efeito linear do nível de inulina sobre na taxa de conversão alimentar (FCR; P = 0,006), indicando que em níveis mais elevados de inulina o FCR diminui. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos quando avaliado o efeito dos diferentes tratamentos sobre o consumo de ração e ganho de peso corporal (P > 0,05). Um efeito linear do nível de inulina foi encontrado no comprimento das vilosidades (VL), na largura das vilosidades (VW) e na relação comprimento / profundidade (VL/DC) no duodeno, sobre a VW no jejuno; e no VL no íleo (P < 0,05). Em conclusão, um efeito linear do aumento do nível de inulina foi encontrado na taxa de conversão alimentar e nos parâmetros morfológicos da integridade do duodeno, além disso, não houve diferença entre a adição de inulina na dieta e o tratamento com um antibiótico promotor de crescimento.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Cobaias , Cobaias/anatomia & histologia , Cobaias/metabolismo , Intestinos/anatomia & histologia , Inulina/administração & dosagem , Inulina/efeitos adversosRESUMO
A new species of Strengeriana Pretzmann, 1971, is described from the El Jardín Natural Reserve, Quindío Department, Colombia, on the western slope of the Central Andes. The genus is endemic to Colombia and is distributed in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, and the Western and Central Andes, at elevations ranging from 700 to 2400 m. With the addition of the new species, Strengeriana now includes 17 species. Strengeriana quindiensis n. sp. is distinguished from its congeners mainly by the exopod of the third maxilliped being 0.92 times the length of the ischium and by the morphology of the first male gonopod, particularly the shapes of the mesial and lateral processes.
Assuntos
Braquiúros , Decápodes , Animais , Colômbia , Água Doce , Masculino , NevadaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Obesity and overweight have increased dramatically in the United States over the last decades. The complexity of interrelated causal factors that result in obesity needs to be addressed within the cultural dynamic of sub-populations. In this study, we sought to estimate the effects of a multifaceted, community-based intervention on body mass index (BMI) among Mexican-heritage children. METHODS: Niños Sanos, Familia Sana (Healthy Children, Healthy Family) was a quasi-experimental intervention study designed to reduce the rate of BMI growth among Mexican-heritage children in California's Central Valley. Two rural communities were matched based on demographic and environmental characteristics and were assigned as the intervention or comparison community. The three-year intervention included parent workshops on nutrition and physical activity; school-based nutrition lessons and enhanced physical education program for children; and a monthly voucher for fruits and vegetables. Eligible children were between 3 and 8 years old at baseline. Intent-to-treat analyses were estimated using linear mixed-effect models with random intercepts. We ran a series of models for each gender where predictors were fixed except interactions between age groups and obesity status at baseline with intervention to determine the magnitude of impact on BMI. RESULTS: At baseline, mean (SD) BMI z-score (zBMI) was 0.97 (0.98) in the intervention group (n = 387) and 0.98 (1.02) in the comparison group (n = 313) (NS). The intervention was significantly associated with log-transformed BMI (ß = 0.04 (0.02), P = 0.03) and zBMI (ß = 0.25 (0.12), P = 0.04) among boys and log-transformed BMI among obese girls (ß = - 0.04 (0.02), P = 0.04). The intervention was significantly and inversely associated with BMI in obese boys and girls across all age groups and normal weight boys in the oldest group (over 6 years) relative to their counterparts in the comparison community. CONCLUSIONS: A community-based, multifaceted intervention was effective at slowing the rate of BMI growth among Mexican-heritage children. Our findings suggest that practitioners should consider strategies that address gender disparities and work with a variety of stakeholders to target childhood obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01900613 . Registered 16th July 2013.
Assuntos
Índice de Massa Corporal , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Americanos Mexicanos , Obesidade Infantil/etnologia , Obesidade Infantil/prevenção & controle , California , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/etnologia , Pais/educação , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , População RuralRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine factors related to attendance of Mexican-heritage parents at community-based nutrition classes to prevent childhood obesity. METHODS: Starting in 2011, interviewers collected baseline data from Niños Sanos Familia Sana (Healthy Children, Healthy Families) participants in rural California. Educators maintained attendance logs from 2012 to 2014. Informed by the Theory of Planned Behavior, interviewers administered an exit survey in 2015 to collect data on attitudes, subjective norms, health motivations, and perceived control related to attendance. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis examined the correlates of attendance (nâ¯=â¯194, intervention group only). RESULTS: Controlling for mother's age, marital status, acculturation, and employment, attitudes and subjective norms were significantly related to attendance (odds ratioâ¯=â¯1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-1.37; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: In these Mexican-heritage participants, attitudes and subjective norms were significant correlates of attendance. The Theory of Planned Behavior may shed light on attendance of high-risk groups but further testing of instruments is needed.
Assuntos
Ciências da Nutrição Infantil/educação , Educação em Saúde , Americanos Mexicanos , Obesidade Infantil/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Agendamento de Consultas , Criança , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , Americanos Mexicanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Normas SociaisRESUMO
El objetivo del estudio fue determinar las alteraciones bucales en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello tratados con radioterapia y explorar la participación del Odontólogo en la atención de estos pacientes. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio en 52 pacientes que habían recibido más de 1,000 cGy de radiación. Se encuestó y realizó examen bucal a cada participante, tasa de flujo salivar estimulado y prueba de sabores. Los resultados muestran alta prevalencia de alteraciones bucales en pacientes con radiación acumulada entre 3,001 y 5,000 cGy. La boca seca (xerostomía) fue la alteración más sentida (78.8%). La tasa de secreción salivar total estimulada confirmó hiposalivación en el 82.7% de los pacientes. Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el lugar del cáncer (p < 0.01) y el tipo de tumor con la presencia de trismus (p < 0.05). La hiposialia se presentó más en los pacientes con tumores en estadio IV (50%) y en aquellos sometidos a tratamientos combinados (p < 0.05). Fue posible realizar la valoración periodontal al 50% de los pacientes, el 92% de ellos presentó periodontitis con pérdida de inserción principalmente severa y moderada. El 84.6% de los participantes manifestaron no haber sido remitidos a odontólogo antes o durante el tratamiento. Los hallazgos ratifican una alta frecuencia de alteraciones bucales en pacientes sometidos a tratamiento de radioterapia e inoportunidad de atención odontológica para prevenir o tratar estos efectos. Se alerta sobre la obligatoriedad de seguir protocolos de manejo del paciente oncológico, incluyendo valoración odontológica antes, durante y después del tratamiento respectivo.
The aim of the present study was to determine which oral alterations can be found in patients with head and neck cancer treated with radiotherapy as well as to explore dentist's involvement in treatment of these patients. An exploratory study was conducted in 52 patients who had previously received over 1,000 cGy radiation. A survey was undertaken as well as oral examination of each participant, in order to assess stimulated salivary flow and flavor tests. Results revealed high prevalence of oral alterations in patients with accumulated radiation of 3,001-5,000 cGy. Dry mouth (xerostomia) was the most frequently reported alteration (78.8%). Estimated total salivary secretion rate confirmed a state of hyposalivation in 82.7% of all patients. A statistically significant association was found between cancer location (p < 0.01) and type of tumor with presence of trismus (p < 0.05). Hyposialia was more frequently present in patients with stage IV tumors (50%) in those subjected to combined treatments (p < 0.05). Periodontal assessment was possible in 50% of all patients, Of this proportion, 92% exhibited periodontitis with mainly moderate to severe insertion loss; 84.6% of all participants reported not to have been remitted to dentists either before or after treatment. Findings support high frequency of oral alterations in patients subjected to radiotherapy treatment and dental care inappropriateness to prevent or treat these effects. An alert is raised with respect to the compulsiveness to follow treatment protocols for cancer patients, which should include dental evaluation before, during and after respective treatment.
RESUMO
Recent recommendations for US food assistance programs are intended to ensure foods provided through these programs help households consume a varied, healthful diet. From a policy viewpoint, it is important to examine the impact of economic incentives to purchase healthy foods across subpopulations, particularly low-income Latinos, who comprise 40% of the WIC program nationwide. Our aim was to determine how rural, Mexican-heritage households (N = 227) residing in California's Central Valley distributed fruit and vegetable (F/V) voucher spending among F/V subgroups and specific items over a 1-year period. Households contained at least one child who was between 3 and 8 years old at baseline and had a parent of Mexican-heritage. F/V voucher purchase data were collected via grocery store scanners. Expenditure and frequency shares of subgroups and individual items were analyzed to determine purchasing habits. Fruits were the most commonly purchased subgroup, representing 55% of spending and 45% of frequency. Households allocated low percentages of their voucher to dark green and red/orange vegetables-7 and 9% respectively. Approximately 20% of purchases were good potassium sources and 30% of purchases were good fiber sources. Many of the most frequently purchased items were of cultural significance (tomatillo, chayote, chili/jalapeño pepper, and Mexican squash). This study suggests that economic incentives can contribute important nutrients to participants' diets and targeted vouchers provided by food assistance programs should continue to include culturally important foods and be aware of the cultural values of their participants.
Assuntos
Assistência Alimentar , Frutas/economia , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Verduras/economia , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Características da Família , Abastecimento de Alimentos , HumanosRESUMO
California's rural agricultural communities face an increased burden of obesity and metabolic disease. The present objective is to define the social and environmental influences to child obesity and physical activity within Mexican-origin communities in California's Central Valley. A range of data (anthropometric, socioeconomic, demographic, cultural and environmental) were collected on more than 650 children enrolled in Niños Sanos, Familia Sana. Physical activity data were gathered from a subsample of children 4-7 years of age (n = 148) via accelerometer. Cross sectional analyses explored the relationship between BMI and physical activity and the influence of numerous social and environmental variables. In this sample 45 % of children were determined to be overweight or obese. Boys had a higher daily average moderate-to-vigorous physical activity than girls (p = 0.008). Chi square analyses showed weight status was associated with activity level in girls (p = 0.03) but not boys. Multivariate regression revealed several social and environmental indicators influenced BMI and physical activity (p = 0.004). In this population of school-age children of Mexican-origin, girls may benefit more from targeted efforts to increase MVPA. Family and community support systems may also boost child participation in physical activities.
Assuntos
Planejamento Ambiental , Exercício Físico , População Rural , Meio Social , Adulto , California , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , México/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Análise de RegressãoRESUMO
Halophilic archaea are extremophiles, adapted to high-salt environments, showing a big biotechnological potential as enzyme, lipids and pigments producers. Four inert supports (perlite, vermiculite, polyurethane foam and glass fiber) were employed for solid-state fermentation (SSF) of the halophilic archaeon Natronococcus sp. TC6 to investigate biomass and esterase production. A very low esterase activity and high water activity were observed when perlite, vermiculite and polyurethane were used as supports. When glass fiber was employed, an important moisture loss was observed (8.6%). Moreover, moisture retention was improved by mixing polyurethane and glass fiber, resulting in maximal biomass and esterase production. Three halophilic archaea: Natronococcus sp. TC6, Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 and Haloarcula marismortui were cultured by submerged fermentation (SmF) and by SSF; an improvement of 1.3- to 6.2-fold was observed in the biomass and esterase production when SSF was used. Growth was not homogeneous in the mixture, but was predominant in the glass fiber thus was probably because the glass fiber provides a holder to the cells, while the polyurethane acts as an impregnation medium reservoir. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first report on haloarchaea cultivation by SSF aiming biomass and esterase/lipase activity production.
Assuntos
Proteínas Arqueais/metabolismo , Esterases/metabolismo , Fermentação , Halobacteriaceae/enzimologia , Microbiologia Industrial/métodos , Lipase/metabolismo , Proteínas Arqueais/genética , Biomassa , Esterases/genética , Halobacteriaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Halobacteriaceae/metabolismo , Lipase/genéticaRESUMO
Lipases and esterases are biocatalysts used at the laboratory and industrial level. To obtain the maximum yield in a bioprocess, it is important to measure key variables, such as enzymatic activity. The conventional method for monitoring hydrolytic activity is to take out a sample from the bioreactor to be analyzed off-line at the laboratory. The disadvantage of this approach is the long time required to recover the information from the process, hindering the possibility to develop control systems. New strategies to monitor lipase/esterase activity are necessary. In this context and in the first approach, we proposed a lab-made sequential injection analysis system to analyze off-line samples from shake flasks. Lipase/esterase activity was determined using p-nitrophenyl butyrate as the substrate. The sequential injection analysis allowed us to measure the hydrolytic activity from a sample without dilution in a linear range from 0.05-1.60 U/mL, with the capability to reach sample dilutions up to 1000 times, a sampling frequency of five samples/h, with a kinetic reaction of 5 min and a relative standard deviation of 8.75%. The results are promising to monitor lipase/esterase activity in real time, in which optimization and control strategies can be designed.
Assuntos
Técnicas Biossensoriais , Esterases/isolamento & purificação , Lipase/isolamento & purificação , Butiratos/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Cinética , TemperaturaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The present paper examines the influence of age and gender on food patterns of Latino children. DESIGN: Data are from baseline of a 5-year, quasi-experimental obesity prevention study: Niños Sanos, Familia Sana (NSFS; Healthy Children, Healthy Families). In 2012, the researchers interviewed Latino parents, using a thirty-item questionnaire to ask about their children's food consumption and feeding practices. Statistical tests included t tests and ANCOVA. SETTING: Rural communities in California's Central Valley, USA. SUBJECTS: Two hundred and seventeen parents (87-89% born in Mexico) and their children (aged 2-8 years). RESULTS: Fifty-one per cent of the children were overweight or obese (≥85th percentile of BMI for age and gender). Mean BMI Z-scores were not significantly different in boys (1·10 (SD 1·07)) and girls (0·92 (SD 1·04); P=0·12). In bivariate analysis, children aged 2-4 years consumed fast and convenience foods less often (P=0·04) and WIC (Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children)-allowable foods more often than children aged 5-8 years (P=0·01). In ANCOVA, neither age nor gender was significantly related to food patterns. Mother's acculturation level was positively related to children's consumption of fast and convenience foods (P=0·0002) and negatively related to consumption of WIC foods (P=0·01). Providing role modelling and structure in scheduling meals and snacks had a positive effect on the vegetable pattern (P=0·0007), whereas meal skipping was associated with more frequent fast and convenience food consumption (P=0·04). CONCLUSIONS: Acculturation and child feeding practices jointly influence food patterns in Latino immigrant children and indicate a need for interventions that maintain diet quality as children transition to school.
Assuntos
Índice de Massa Corporal , Dieta , Comportamento Alimentar , Hispânico ou Latino , Obesidade , Aculturação , Adulto , Fatores Etários , California/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Fast Foods , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/etnologia , Mães , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/etiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , População Rural , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el perfil hematológico y bioquímica renal normal del Venado Cola Blanca ( Odocoileus virginianus), adulto (1 a 6 años), criado en cautiverio. Se colectaron 25 muestras de sangre de tres zoológicos o zoocriaderos de la zona de Lima. Los animales fueron previamente sedados con dos métodos químicos de contención (ketamina 10 mg/kg y ketamina 4 mg/kg con Xilacina 1 mg/kg), sin que hubiera diferencia significativa entre ambos con relación a los valores hematológicos y bioquímicos. En la serie eritrocítica, el número de glóbulos rojos fue de 10.12 x 10/ul, hemoglobina de 9.5 g/dl, hematocrito de 28.9%, y los índices eritrocíticos fueron de: VCM = 28.8 fL, HCM = 9.6 pg, CHCM = 33.2 g/dl, sin encontrar diferencia entre sexos. En la serie leucocítica, el número de leucocitos fue estadísticamente diferente (p<0.05) entre hembras (4.018 x 10/ul) y machos (3059 x 10/ul), pero sin diferencias en el recuento diferencial (neutrófilos: 55.5%, linfocitos: 39.8%, monocitos: 0.1%, eosinófilos: 4.6%). En la bioquímica renal, el valor de urea fue 47 mg/dl y la creatinina fue de 2.1 mg/dl.
The objective of the present study was to determine the normal hematological values and renal biochemistry of the adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) reared in captivity. Blood samples were collected in 25 animals. The deers were anesthetized with two chemical methods of restraint (ketamina 7 mg/kg; ketamina 4 mg/kg and xilacina 1 mg/kg) without significant difference between both methods in relation to hematological and biochemistry values. In the erythrocytic series, the number of red cells was 10.12 x 10/ul, hemoglobin was 9.5 g/dl, hematocrit was 28.9%, and the erythocytic indexes were VCM = 28.8 fL, HCM = 9.6 pg, CHCM = 33.2 g/dl, without differences due to sex. The number of leukocytes was statistical different (p<0.05) between females (4018 x 10/ul) and males (3059 x 10/l), but the differential count was similar between sexes (neutrophils: 55.5%, lymphocytes: 39.8%, monocytes: 0.1%, eosinophils: 4.6%). In the renal biochemistry, the mean values for urea and creatinine were 47 mg/dl and 2.1 mg/dl respectively.
Assuntos
Animais , Bioquímica , Cervos , Hematologia , Rim/químicaRESUMO
Peru during the period of May 2003 to December 2008. Lung samples of 24 South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens), four bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), one dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus), one Burmeister´s porpoise (Phocoena spinipinnis) and one marine otter (Lontra felina) were fixed in 10% formalin and then processed and stained with haematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Shiff (PAS) and trichromic of Masson. From the 31 samples collected only 29 were suitable for microscopic evaluation. The results show a rate of 29/29 pneumonias (100%), five of which were associated to parasites (17%), six of bacteria (21%), four of mixed (parasites and bacteria) (14%) and 14 were of nonspecific cause (48%). The present research indicates that those marine mammals from Lima, Peru are exposed to lungworms, flukes and bacteria that alone or mixed may cause pneumonias, which could be contributed or to be the primary cause of the stranding in these animals.
RESUMO
This study presents the histopathologic features of pneumonia in stranded marine mammals on the coast of Lima, Peru during the period of May 2003 to December 2008. Lung samples of 24 South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens), four bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), one dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus), one Burmeister´s porpoise (Phocoena spinipinnis) and one marine otter (Lontra felina) were fixed in 10% formalin and then processed and stained with haematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Shiff (PAS) and trichromic of Masson. From the 31 samples collected only 29 were suitable for microscopic evaluation. The results show a rate of 29/29 pneumonias (100%), five of which were associated to parasites (17%), six of bacteria (21%), four of mixed (parasites and bacteria) (14%) and 14 were of nonspecific cause (48%). The present research indicates that those marine mammals from Lima, Peru are exposed to lungworms, flukes and bacteria that alone or mixed may cause pneumonias, which could be contributed or to be the primary cause of the stranding in these animals.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Pneumonia/diagnóstico , Leões-Marinhos , Golfinhos , Peru , Fauna Marinha , Microscopia/métodosRESUMO
Se evaluó el desarrollo anátomo-histopatológico de la bursa, timo y bazo de pollos de carne criados en cama nueva y cama reutilizada por cinco campañas. Se criaron 250 pollos machos de la línea Ross 308, la mitad en cama nueva y la otra mitad en cama reutilizada. Semanalmente, se determinaron los índices morfométricos de bursa, timo y bazo, y la relación entre bursa y bazo por grupo. Los órganos linfoides fueron evaluados mediante histopatología, y los títulos de anticuerpos contra las enfermedades de Gumboro, Newcastle, Bronquitis Infecciosa, Anemia Infecciosa y Reovirus, al inicio y final de la crianza (49 días), se determinaron por la prueba de ELISA. Se encontró diferencia estadística (p<0.05) para el peso e índices morfométrico de la bursa (6.57 ± 2.07 g y 1.67 ± 0.49 para pollos en cama nueva y 2.74 ± 1.35 g y 0.70 ± 0.36 en cama reutilizada, respectivamente), pero no hubo para peso corporal entre grupos. Se obtuvo mejores resultados en aves criadas sobre cama nueva en el peso e índices morfométrico del bazo, y en la relación bursa/bazo (p<0.05). Asimismo, estas diferencias existieron en el caso del timo aunque no fueron estadísticamente diferentes. La evaluación histopatológica mostró atrofia severa en aves criadas en cama nueva (1/5) y cama reutilizada (4/5), mientras que en la serología se encontró 3 de 15 aves con títulos elevados contra Gumboro en el grupo de cama reutilizada. Estas observaciones indican que el grupo de cama reutilizada fue desafiado con una cepa de Gumboro de baja patogenicidad o con cepas vacunales sembradas en la cama. Se concluye que la cama reutilizada, previamente tratada, y proveniente de crianzas sin problemas infecciosos, puede ser reutilizada de una manera segura.
The anatomo-histopathological development of the bursa, thymus and spleen of broiler chickens raised in new and reused litter through five campaigns was evaluated. Two hundred and fifty male chickens of the Ross 308 line were raised, half in new and half in reused litter. On a weekly basis, the morphometric indexes of bursa, thymus and spleen, and the relation bursa/spleen were recorded. The lymphoid organs were evaluated by histopathology and ELISA test was used to determine antibody titres for Gumboro, Newcastle, Infectious Bronchitis, Infectious Anemia, and Reovirus at the beginning and end of the study (49 days). Statistical difference was found (p<0.05) for weight and morphometric index of the bursa (6.57 ± 2.07 g and 1.67 ± 0.49 for birds raised on new litter and 2.74 ± 1.35 g and 0.70 ± 0.36 for birds in reused litter), but not on body weight between groups. Better results were observed on body weight and morphometric indexof the spleen and for the relation bursa/spleen (p<0.05). Similar differences were found for the thymus but without statistical difference. The histopathological evaluation showed severe bursal atrophy in birds reared on new (1/5) and reused (4/5) litters, while the serology revealed 3 out of 15 birds with elevated antibody titres against Gumboro in the group of reused litter. These observations indicated that the group of reused litter was challenged with a low pathogenicity strain of Gumboro or with vaccine strains that have persisted in the litter. It was concluded that reused litter from healthy chicken can be safety reused.