RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Many experimental studies have examined multiple drugs or treatments to improve the healing of intestinal anastomoses. Synthetic prostacyclin analogs, immunosuppressants, erythropoietin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor type 1, synthetic metalloproteinases inhibitors, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy have produced promising results in low-risk models of anastomosis dehiscence. However, in high-risk models, only hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been shown to be useful. Pirfenidone (PFD), a commonly used antifibrosing drug, has not been shown to be effective for this purpose. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of PFD on anastomosis healing and adhesion genesis in a low-risk rat model of dehiscence of colonic anastomosis. METHODS: An experimental study was conducted on 40 healthy Wistar rats randomly assigned to the control group or PFD experimental group (20 rats in each group). Colon anastomosis was performed 3 cm above the peritoneal reflection using the same technique in all animals. Mechanical resistance was studied by measuring bursting pressure. Adhesions were evaluated macroscopic and histologically using common staining techniques. Animals received the first PFD dose 12 h after surgery at a dose of 500 mg/kg one a day (SID) for 5 consecutive days. On day 6, the animals were reoperated on to measure the bursting pressure in situ and to classify adhesions macroscopically, and the anastomosed colon was resected for histological analysis. RESULTS: There were no deaths, complications, or anastomosis dehiscence in either group. The mean bursting pressure was 120.8 ± 11 mm Hg and 135.5 ± 12.4 in the control and PFD groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The adhesions were less dense and had less inflammatory cell infiltration in the PFD group (p < 0.02 and 0.002, respectively). Collagen content was slightly higher in the PFD group (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed favorable effects of PFD in this low-risk colon anastomosis model; for example, the bursting pressure was higher, and the macroscopic adhesions were soft and exhibited less inflammatory infiltration and higher collagen content in the PFD group than in the control group. The results showing that PFD treatment was associated with better healing of minor adhesions seem to be paradoxical because the therapeutic indications for this drug are directed at treating fibrosing diseases.
Assuntos
Colágeno , Colo , Ratos , Animais , Ratos Wistar , Colo/cirurgia , Anastomose Cirúrgica , Aderências Teciduais/prevenção & controle , Aderências Teciduais/patologiaRESUMO
Introducción: la primera descripción de obstrucción ureteral extrínseca por un proceso de fibrosis retroperitoneal se efectuó en 1905. En poco más de un siglo sólo se han reportado unos 800 casos de esta patología. Caso clínico: se reporta el caso de un paciente femenino de 55 años, que cursa con dolor abdominal difuso de larga evolución, acompañado de náusea, vómito, fiebre de 38°C e hipertensión de 160/100 mmHg. Se realiza tomografía axial computarizada observándose masa retroperitoneal que produce obstrucción de uréteres. Se realiza laparotomía exploradora con toma de biopsia y liberación de uréteres. El análisis histopatológico demuestra la presencia de fibrosis retroperitoneal, una entidad patológica poco frecuente, cuyo diagnóstico requiere un alto índice de sospecha en base a los hallazgos clínicos, de laboratorio y de gabinete. Revisión de la literatura: no se han formulado definiciones claras de los diferentes trastornos que se incluyen en el espectro de la fibrosis retroperitoneal, debido a lo infrecuente de esta enfermedad. Por esta razón hoy se carece de criterios diagnósticos y de una clasificación coherente de las diferentes formas que puede adoptar la enfermedad. Sin embargo, ante la sospecha de una fibrosis retroperitoneal se debe distinguir entre una forma idiopática y una secundaria, por las diferentes implicaciones para el tratamiento. Conclusión: la fibrosis retroperitoneal es un diagnóstico diferencial ante la presencia de dolor abdominal difuso asociado a síntomas de compresión ureteral o de grandes vasos.
Introduction. The first description of extrinsic uretheral obstruction by retroperitoneal fibrosis occurred in 1905. In little more than a century, about 800 cases of this disease have been reported. Case description. We report the case of a female 55 year-old patient who presents with diffuse abdominal pain of long duration, nausea, vomiting, fever of 38°C and hypertension of 160/100 mmHg. A CT scan is performed that shows a retroperitoneal mass that obstructs the urethers. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, urethers were released and biopsy was taken. Pathology analysis showed the presence of retroperitoneal fibrosis, a rare pathological entity whose diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion based on clinical, imaging and laboratory workup. Literature review. There are no clear definitions of the variety of disorders that are included in the spectrum of retroperitoneal fibrosis, due to the rarity of this condition. Consequently, we lack diagnostic criteria and a consistent classification of the different forms that it may adopt. However, when there is suspicion of retroperitoneal fibrosis, the first step is to establish whether it is idiopathic or secondary, as there will be treatment implications. Conclusion. Retroperitoneal fibrosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis whenever diffuse abdominal pain is associated with uretheral or great vessels compression.