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RESUMO As áreas urbanas buscam novas opções de serviço de água, para garantir o abastecimento. A literatura acadêmica versa sobre o pensamento de que a crise hídrica está relacionada ao crescimento urbano; no entanto, o fator predominante é o aumento do consumo, independentemente do crescimento populacional, pois fatores comportamentais devem ser revistos a partir de simples hábitos diários. Os empresários não focam apenas nas questões de economia ou da discussão ambiental, de mais vale a garantia da autonomia, pois a insegurança hídrica é cada vez mais crescente. Empreendimentos como os shopping centers poderão consumir volumes de água equivalentes ao consumo de 5 mil pessoas. Para saber as percepções dos atores envolvidos no design e na gestão de shopping centers, este trabalho utilizou o método AHP, com a aplicação de questionários e resultados combinados. Dados resultantes demonstram que o conhecimento dos envolvidos nem sempre corresponde aos conceitos de conservação de água e que uma melhor sinergia entre a ciência e o mercado deve estar mais próxima.
ABSTRACT Urban areas seek new water service options, to ensure the supply. The academic literature deals with the thought that the water crisis is related to urban growth; however, the predominant factor is the increased consumption, regardless of population growth, as behavioral factors should be reviewed based on simple daily habits. Entrepreneurs do not focus only on economic issues or on top of environmental discussion, as well ensuring autonomy, as water insecurity is increasingly growing. Enterprises such as shopping malls may consume water volumes equivalent to the consumption of 5,000 people. In order to know the perceptions of the actors involved in the design and management of shopping malls, this work used the AHP method, with the application of questionnaires and combined results. Resulting data demonstrate that the knowledge of those involved does not always correspond to the concepts of water conservation and a better synergy between science and the market should be more forthcoming.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT Several countries have developed tools with criteria and evaluations to grant, through the environmental certification, a more sustainable undertaking, with quality and productivity for its users. The tools were developed for different needs and objectives, which makes it difficult to make a direct comparison, in addition to having specific demands for each region. This study aims to make a comparative analysis between some tools of greater international knowledge and to propose new parameters for the water use and management category, taking into account the design and operational phase, the water distribution, and the demands for 2025. Consequently, this study proposed the creation of an exclusive environmental tool for the management and water use, providing a seal that may be applied to any project and adopted by water work systems as an incentive to reduce the consumption of drinking water, to use alternative sources, and to decrease liquid effluents.
RESUMO Vários países desenvolveram ferramentas com critérios e avaliações para garantir um empreendimento mais sustentável, com qualidade e produtividade para seus usuários, por meio de certificação ambiental. As ferramentas foram desenvolvidas para diferentes necessidades e objetivos, o que dificulta a comparação direta, além de haver demandas específicas para cada região. Este estudo teve como objetivo fazer uma análise comparativa entre algumas ferramentas de maior conhecimento internacional e propor novos parâmetros para a categoria de uso e gestão da água, levando em conta a fase de projeto e operação, a distribuição de água e as demandas para 2025. Consequentemente, este estudo propôs a criação de uma ferramenta ambiental exclusiva para a gestão e o uso da água, proporcionando um selo que pode ser aplicado a qualquer projeto e adotado pelas concessionárias de água como incentivo para reduzir o consumo de água potável, usar fontes alternativas e diminuir os efluentes líquidos.
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Owing to the cost of destination and transportation of ornamental stone processing waste, many studies focused on the reuse and recycling of this product. However, there is a scarcity of articles addressing the environmental viability of the recycling of ornamental stone. In this context, this study comprehends a comparative life cycle assessment of ornamental stone processing waste and conventional materials: sand, clay and limestone filler. The modelling software used was SimaPro 8.3.0.0 with Ecoinvent 3.2 database, employing the ReCiPe H/H methodology for impact assessment. The results show that the recycling of ornamental stone processing waste is environmentally preferable, and the artificial drying alternatives, such as flash dryer and rotary dryer, have lower environmental impact than extracting and processing clay through atomisation methods and limestone filler production. The sensitivity analysis indicated that it is possible to transport the ornamental stone processing waste 37 km after processing, so it reaches the same environmental impact as sand extracted by dredging. On the other hand, an increase of 25% in the energy consumption incremented only 7% of the environmental impact owing to the Brazilian energy mix.