RESUMO
The present research studied the bidirectional effects of working memory (WM) capacity and emotional regulation; that is, the effect of WM capacity on spontaneous emotional regulation and whether the emotional valence to be regulated has a differential impact on performance in a second WM task. Participants (79) first completed a WM span task (Digit Span), then a self-report emotional intelligence task, which was followed by randomly assigned mock Positive-feedback, Negative-feedback, or No-feedback. In the Negative-feedback and Positive-feedback conditions, a dummy report based on participants' responses to the Trait Meta Mood- 21 was shown on the screen. After that, participants completed another WM task (Running Span). An ordinary least squares multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the predictive power of WM span and experimental condition on post-feedback test performance. The model yielded a significant effect on post-feedback test performance for Negative-feedback and a marginal significant effect for the interaction of this parameter with WM span. The results showed that participants in the Negative-feedback condition performed worse than those assigned to other conditions, and individuals with a higher WM capacity were less susceptible to negative experimental stimuli.
Assuntos
Regulação Emocional , Memória de Curto Prazo , Humanos , Memória de Curto Prazo/fisiologia , Emoções/fisiologiaRESUMO
La resolución de problemas aritméticos es una actividad cognitiva compleja, de particular dificultad para niños y niñas, que implica poder identificar los componentes relevantes, las relaciones entre ellos y poder llevar a cabo los cómputos necesarios. Distintos estudios han buscado las variables predictoras de esta capacidad, centrándose en uno de dos aspectos: la competencia matemática del niño/a o su comprensión de texto. El propósito del presente trabajo consistió en estudiar si la incidencia de uno u otro sobre la resolución de problemas en niños y niñas de 4 y 5 años se modifica por la inclusión simultánea de ambos en un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. A su vez, existe amplia evidencia que sugiere que habilidades de dominio general, como la memoria de trabajo, influyen significativamente sobre la capacidad matemática y de comprensión de texto de los sujetos. Por este motivo, se estudió, adicionalmente, la presencia de un efecto indirecto de la memoria de trabajo verbal y visoespacial y del conocimiento previo sobre la resolución de problemas aritméticos, mediado por las otras dos habilidades. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que, a esta edad, solo la habilidad matemática tiene un efecto directo significativo sobre la resolución de problemas, y la memoria de trabajo, tanto visual como verbal, un efecto indirecto. Asimismo, se observó que ambos componentes de la memoria de trabajo se vinculan con la capacidad matemática, pero sólo la verbal con la comprensión de texto. Por otro lado, el conocimiento previo sólo parece vincularse con la comprensión
The resolution of arithmetic word problems is a complex cognitive activity which requires the subject to identify the relevant elements, the relationships between them and to be able to carry out the necessary computations. Different studies have searched for predictive variables of this capacity, focusing on one of two aspects: the child's mathematical competence or his or her text comprehension. The purpose of the present work was to study if the incidence of one or the other on the resolution of arithmetic problems in children of 4 and 5 years of age is modified by the simultaneous inclusion of both in a structural equation model (SEM). Additionally, there is ample evidence to suggest that general domain abilities, such as working memory, significantly influence the subject's mathematical and comprehension capacity. That is why we also studied the presence of an indirect effect of verbal and visuospatial working memory, as well as the child's previous knowledge, on the resolution of arithmetic problems, mediated by the other two skills. The results suggest that, at this age, only mathematical ability has a significant direct effect on the resolution of problems, and that working memory, both visual and verbal, have an indirect effect over it. Likewise, both components of working memory are linked with mathematical ability, but only verbal working memory with text comprehension. On the other hand, prior knowledge seems to be associated with text comprehension
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Conceitos Matemáticos , Resolução de Problemas , Memória de Curto PrazoRESUMO
La inteligencia emocional percibida está compuesta por tres factores: la atención a las emociones, la claridad emocional, y la reparación de las emociones (Salovey, Mayer, Goldman, Turvey, & Palfai, 1995). El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar y estudiar las características de la inteligencia emocional percibida en diferentes etapas de la vida. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 456 sujetos, a quienes se les administró el TMMS-21. Se hallaron diferencias en el nivel de atención y recuperación, tanto en la muestra general como en el grupo de mujeres, siendo los adultos quienes reportaron menores índices. Por otro lado, la edad resultó ser un predictor significativo del nivel de atención y reparación. Se explican las diferencias halladas a la luz del desarrollo cognitivo que afectaría la percepción que el sujeto tiene sobre sus habilidades emocionales
Perceived emotional intelligence is composed of three factors: the attention to emotions, emotional clarity and the repair of emotions (Salovey, Mayer, Goldman, Turvey y Palfai, 1995). The purpose of this work is to compare and study the characteristics of perceived emotional intelligence in different stages of life. The sample consisted of 456 subjects, who were administered the TMMS-21. Differences were found in attention and recovery levels, both in the general sample and in the group of women, with adults reporting lower rates. On the other hand, age was a significant predictor of the subject's level of attention and reparation. These differences are explained by the cognitive development that would affect the perception that the subject has about their emotional abilities.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Emoções , Cognição , Inteligência EmocionalRESUMO
Emotional intelligence includes self-perception regarding attention to feelings, clarity of feelings and mood repair. The aim of this work is to study the relationship between emotional intelligence, self-concept, and self-esteem. The sample included 137 adolescents from Buenos Aires City, that attended middle school, with a mean age of 13.12 years old (SD = 1.79). Correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were performed. Results showed significant positive correlations between self-esteem and clarity of feelings on the complete sample and the female subsample, and between mood repair and self-esteem on the male subsample. The linear regression analyses showed results on the same line. It´s concluded that positive self-evaluation regarding emotions, emotion comprehension and recovery can minimize the effect of negative experiences.
RESUMO
La inteligencia emocional percibida está compuesta por la percepción sobre la atención a las emociones, la claridad con la que se perciben y la capacidad para recuperación de los estados de ánimo negativo. La necesidad de pertenencia se plantea como una necesidad humana universal y toma particular importancia durante la adolescencia. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la inteligencia emocional y la necesidad de pertenencia, estudiando posibles diferencias entre los sexos. Participantes: 399 adolescentes de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Materiales: Se administró la TMMS-21 y la prueba Necesidad de Pertenencia. Resultados: El factor de inteligencia emocional atención a las emociones mostró estar relacionado con la necesidad de pertenencia, en la muestra general. Esta asociación se replica solo en el caso de los varones quizás porque los niveles de atención son, en general, mayores en las mujeres. En el caso de las mujeres se encontró una asociación positiva entre recuperación y miedo al rechazo. Los resultados parecen mostrar una mayor necesidad de pertenencia en varones y un mayor miedo al rechazo en mujeres. (AU)
Perceived emotional intelligence includes a person's attention to emotions, the clarity with which they are perceived and their capacity for recovery of negative moods. Need for belonging is a universal human need and is particularly important during adolescence. Objective: To analyze the relationship between emotional intelligence and need for belonging, studying possible differences between genders. Participants: 399 adolescents in Buenos Aires City, Argentina. Materials: TMMS-21, and the Necessity of Belonging. Results: In the complete sample, attention to emotions was related to need for belonging. This association is replicated only in the case of men, perhaps because the levels of care are, in general, higher in women. In the case of women, a positive association between recovery and fear of rejection was found. The results seem to show a greater need for belonging in men and a greater fear of rejection in women. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Pesquisa , Inteligência Emocional , Argentina , Psicologia , Psicologia do AdolescenteRESUMO
El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar los niveles de experiencias óptimas (EO) que los adolescentes reportan en distintas actividades del contexto escolar y extraescolar y analizar cómo se relacionan estos niveles con el autoconcepto y autoestima en la población adolescente de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina (CABA-AR). Para ello se administró el Inventario Breve de EO y el Perfil de Autopercepción a 399 adolescentes concurrentes a escuelas de educación media de la CABA-AR. Se realizó un ANOVA de medidas repetidas con efecto principal intrasujeto para comparar las EO en cada actividad y un análisis de correlación para estudiar la relación entre EO y el autoconcepto y autoestima. Entre los resultados se encontró que los adolescentes experimentan mayores niveles de ocurrencia de EO en las actividades extracurriculares. Con respecto al autoconcepto y autoestima, las relaciones halladas fueron en todos los casos positivas y mostraron diferencias según el tipo de actividad en el cual se reportaban las EO.
The objective of this study was to compare the levels of optimal experiences (OE) that adolescents report in different activities of the school and out-of-school context and to analyze how these levels are related to self-concept and self- esteem in the adolescent population at Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina (ACBA-AR). For this purpose, the OE Brief Inventory and the Self-Perception Profile were administered to 399 adolescents attending ACBA-AR high schools. We performed an ANOVA with repeated measures with intrasubject main effect to compare the OEs in each activity and a correlation analysis to study the relationship between OE and self-concept and self-esteem. Among the results, we found that adolescents experience higher levels of occurrence of OE in extracurricular activities. With regard to self-concept and self-esteem, the relationships found were in all cases positive and showed differences according to the type of activity in which OE were reported