RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The proliferation of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, along with the lack of new drugs against them, has elicited the interest of the scientific community on the study and development of endogenous synthetic compounds with bacteriostatic or bactericidal activity. In recent years, several short-chain, low molecular weight peptides isolated from natural sources such as plants and animals have demonstrated an array of antimicrobial activities. Despite having structural characteristics similar to microbicidal peptides isolated from human platelets, peptide RP11 does not exhibit antimicrobial activity. OBJECTIVE: In vitro determination of the antimicrobial activity of the synthetic peptide RP13. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Peptide RP13 was prepared modifying the original amino acids sequence of peptide RP11, reversing the position of the amino acids lysine and tyrosine in order to modify the conformation of the original peptide. These amino acids are localized close to the N-terminus of the peptidic chain. Peptide RP13 was prepared in solution using conventional methods for peptide synthesis. The antimicrobial activity of RP13 was assessed against the microorganisms S. aureus, E. faecalis and E. coli in a test solution and later evaluated by cultivation of plates during the first 2 h after inoculation of bacteria. RP13 activity antimicrobial was compared against tetracycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic. RESULTS: The new peptide RP13, resulting form the structural modification of the amino acid sequence of peptide RP11, displayed antimicrobial activity. RP13 demonstrated to be more efficient inhibiting the growth of gram-positive than gramnegative bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: The structural modification of peptide RP11, obtained from human platelets, resulted in a new peptide with improved antimicrobial activity. These results clearly demonstrate that peptides of natural origin, as well as their synthetic analogs, represent an attractive alternative against pathogenic agents.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/farmacologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/química , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/administração & dosagem , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/química , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Tetraciclina/farmacologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a worldwide leading cause of morbidity and mortality, while susceptibility towards penicillin and macrolides can be less than 50% in many regions. METHODOLOGY: A total of 150 isolates of S. pneumoniae causative of invasive diseases in children were characterized, of which 24.6% had a fatal outcome. RESULTS: The most prevalent serotypes were 19F, 6B, 23F and 14. Resistance to penicillin, erythromycin (mostly of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistance phenotype) or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was found in more than 40% of the isolates, but no resistance phenotype appeared linked to lethality. Serotype 3 isolates, which were seldom resistant, had a twofold lethality rate compared to the total sample. CONCLUSION: Serotyping could provide a better outcome-predicting tool than susceptibility testing. The seven-valent vaccine does not include the most prevalent serotypes found in Mexico.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Infecções Pneumocócicas/epidemiologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/classificação , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Macrolídeos/farmacologia , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Penicilinas/farmacologia , Infecções Pneumocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Pneumocócicas/mortalidade , Prevalência , Sorotipagem , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/farmacologiaRESUMO
Arterial hypertension in elder people is a common problem reaching a prevalence of 60 to 80 percent in persons older than 60 years old. We carried out a transversal observational descriptive study, during the period from January 1 st to December 31 st 2006, at the doctor´s offices of Barrio Adentro mission of the Integral Communitarian Health Area # 7, municipality of Villalba, in Nueva Esparta State, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. We studied 240 hypertensive people older than 60 years old, corresponding with the universe, and analyzed variables allowing us to characterize the disease in the cases according to age, genre, etiologic classification, level, risk facts and target affected organ. Data were obtained from the medical records, questionnaires and medical examination. The 70-to-79-years-old group with 47 percent, and the female genre with 61, 25 percent had the higher percentages. Among the risk facts, the highest percents corresponded to smoking, obesity and sedentarism. According to the etiologic classification, 91 percent corresponded to primary, and Grade I with 70 percent. 83,75 percent of the studied patients had lesions in the target organ and the retina was the most affected one, followed by heart and brain.
RESUMO
Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de tipo retrospectivo en colaboradores cubanos ubicados en el estado Nueva Esparta, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, afectados por la enfermedad de dengue durante el período de enero a diciembre de 2007. Se estudiaron 38 colaboradores que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, analizándose variables que permitieron caracterizar la enfermedad en los casos en cuanto a edad, sexo, color de la piel, forma de presentación, misión a la que pertenecen, manifestaciones clínicas y factores de riesgo. El sexo femenino con un 57,68 por ciento, y el grupo de 27 a 32 años con el 23,68 por ciento fueron los de mayor porcentaje. El color de piel blanco y los colaboradores de la misión médica fueron los más afectados, con el 50 por ciento y el 78,95 por ciento, respectivamente. Las manifestaciones clínicas que más se presentaron fueron la fiebre, cefalea, mialgias y artralgias. Dentro de lo factores de riesgo, los mayores por cientos correspondieron al no uso de los medios de protección individual, la presencia de mosquitos Aedes aegypti, al almacenamiento de agua, la existencia de microvertederos, así como la detección de focos en las viviendas de los colaboradores enfermos.
We carried out a retrospective observational descriptive study among Cuban collaborators in Nueva Esparta State, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, affected by dengue disease during the period from January to December 2007. We studied 38 collaborators fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria, analyzing variables that allowed characterizing the cases according to age, genre, race, presentation form, mission to whom they pertained, clinical manifestation and risk facts. Female sex with 57,68 per cent and 27-32 years-old age group with 23,68 per cent presented the highest percentages. White people and collaborators from the medical mission were the most affected, with 50 per cent and 78,95 per cent respectively. The most common clinical manifestations were fever, headache, myalgias and arthralgias. Among the risk facts, the highest percents corresponded to the non usage of individual protection media, the presence of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, water storage, the existence of micro dumps, and also the detection of focuses in the houses of ill collaborators.
Assuntos
Humanos , Cuba , Dengue/diagnóstico , Dengue/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Missões Médicas , Pessoal de Saúde , Venezuela , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Observacionais como AssuntoRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo prospectivo de corte transversal, con el objetivo de determinar el comportamiento de la gingivitis ulceronecrotizante aguda, en 37 pacientes entre 15 y 50 años de edad, quienes acudieron al servicio de estomatología de Conuco Viejo, municipio García, en el período comprendido de enero a diciembre de 2009. Se caracterizaron a los pacientes estudiados según variables sociodemográficas, y se identificó los factores de riesgo presentes, así como el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucodental. Se les realizó un examen clínico minucioso y se le aplicó una encuesta de conocimiento de salud bucal. Se encontró que los adolescentes de 15-20 años y adultos jóvenes de 21-26 años fueron los más afectados, con un 32,44 por ciento y 29,73 por ciento, respectivamente. El sexo femenino, con un 62,16 por ciento, el nivel educacional secundaria básica con 40,55 por ciento fueron los de mayor porcentaje. Dentro de lo factores de riesgo, los mayores por cientos correspondieron a la gingivitis crónica en los locales, con un 75,67 por ciento, mientras que el estrés en los generales, con 59,45 por ciento. Al aplicarse la encuesta de conocimientos un 54,05 por ciento de los pacientes estudiados fue evaluado de mal.
We carried out a transversal prospective descriptive observational study with the objective of determining the behavior of acute ultranecrotizing gingivitis, in 37 15 to 50 years-old patients, who visited the Stomatologic Service of Conuco Viejo, municipality of García, in the period from January to December 2009. The studied patients were characterized according to sociodemographic variables and the present risk facts were identified, and also the level of knowledge on buccal dental health. A thorough clinic examination was made and the patients applied an inquiry of knowledge on buccal health. We found that 15-20 years-old adolescents and 21-25 years-old young adults were the most affected patients, with 32,44per cent and 29,73 per cent respectively. The female genre, with 62,16 per cent, and the high school scholarship with 40,55 per cent showed the highest percentages. Among the local risk facts, the highest percents corresponded to chronic gingivitis, with 75,67 per cent, while stress represented the highest percent among general risk facts, with 59,45 per cent. As the result of the enquiry, the knowledge of 54,05 per cent of the studied patients were evaluated as unsatisfactory.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos de Saúde Bucal , Fatores de Risco , Gengivite Ulcerativa Necrosante/diagnóstico , Gengivite Ulcerativa Necrosante/epidemiologia , Gengivite Ulcerativa Necrosante/etiologia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Observacionais como AssuntoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Silicone has been the standard material for indwelling devices to date. Polyurethane II exhibits properties that makes it suitable as a component of long-indwelling vascular access, with the added advantage of low cost. OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience of an intravenous therapy team with 206 polyurethane II catheters used as long-indwelling vascular access in patients with cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All polyurethane II single- and double-lumen catheters implanted between January 1, 1994, and March 15, 1995, were analyzed, including time of stay and type and rate of infectious and noninfectious complications. RESULTS: A total of 206 catheters were placed--164 single-lumen and 42 double-lumen catheters--in 190 patients; average stay was 101 days (range, 1-445 days). The infection incidence rate was 0.66 per 1000 catheter-days for single-lumen catheters and 1.6 per 1000 catheter-days for double-lumen catheters. Noninfectious complications included 1 thrombosis (incidence rate, 0.06 per 1000 catheter-days for single-lumen and none for double-lumen catheters), 5 catheter ruptures (2.4%), and 1 pneumothorax (0.48%). Twelve catheters (8.3%) were removed because of complications; only 1 was infectious. The remaining 17 infectious episodes (94.4%) were resolved without catheter removal. Our complication rate with single-lumen catheters in this series was similar to our previous experience with a nontunneled silicone catheter. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that polyurethane II catheters have proven useful and safe as long-indwelling vascular access in patients with cancer at our hospital at a considerably lower cost.
Assuntos
Infecções Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Cateterismo/efeitos adversos , Cateteres de Demora/microbiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Poliuretanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Infecções Bacterianas/etiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/prevenção & controle , Cateterismo/instrumentação , Cateteres de Demora/efeitos adversos , Cateteres de Demora/economia , Infecção Hospitalar/etiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Controle de Infecções , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
La hemorragia y las trombosis son problemas comunes en recién nacidos enfermos; con frecuencia se identifican anomalías en los mecanismos de hemostasis. Se presenta el caso de un neonato que a las 24 horas de vida presetó sangrado gastrointestinal manifestado por hematesis; como antecedente, al parecer importante, la madre, 48 horas antes de nacer la niña había tomado naproxeno por un problema viral. La vía de nacimiento fue por césarea, la niña pesó 3,155 g; el puntaje de apgar fue de 9 y 9 al primero y quinto minuto. A las 24 horas de vida presentó hematemesis (con tiempos de coagulación normales); se realizó endoscopia diagnosticándose gastritis erosiva masiva. En vista de que el sangrado no remitió con el manejo convencional, se inició la infusión de un análogo de la somatostatina (Ocreotida o SMA 201-995), con resultado satisfactorio; el efeco obtenido fue probablemente debido a disminución del flujo y presión esplácnico, además de un efecto citoprotector de la mucosa gástrica. La niña se dio de alta, asintomática, al 16 día de vida
Assuntos
Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Feminino , Somatostatina/análogos & derivados , Somatostatina/uso terapêutico , Hematemese , Naproxeno/administração & dosagem , Gastrite/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/terapia , Recém-NascidoRESUMO
Se estudiaron 24 pacientes con diarrea, la mayoría de evolución prolongada; su peso y talla estuvieron abajo de la percentila 3, en 22 y 16 de ellos respectivamente. Todos recibieron alimentación parenteral(AP) en forma inicial y después del octavo día se combinó ésta con una dieta elemental. Se les determinó cinc, cobre y hierro antes y durante la AP. El cinc sérico antes y durante la AP estuvo por abajo del promedio normal, mientras que el cobre y el hierro estuvieron en cifras promedio normales. La evolución longitudinal del cinc mostró un grupo con cifras menores de 40 microng/dl(GI) y otro con cifras mayores de 40 microng/dl(GII); el GI mostró tendencia significativa a elevar los niveles de cinc progressivamente y el GII a descender. Para estos mismos grupos, el cobre mostró igual comportamiento al inicio de la AP y a la cuarta semana; en el hierro no hubo diferencias significativas. El presente estudio confirma deficiencia de cinc en niños desnutridos con diarrea prolongada