RESUMO

Objective: To obtain the opinion of patients with rheumatoid arthritis or lupus erythematosus about the use of antimalarials through questionnaires and to evaluate their adherence to medication.Methods: A cross-sectional study of patients treated with antimalarial medication for a period equal to or longer than 1 year attended between November 2012 and October 2014. A structured questionnaire with 12 questions was filled out.Results: Among 300 patients examined, 92% (275) used medication regularly. Hydroxychloroquine was used by 55% (166) of patients, chloroquine by 25% (75), and 20% (59) reported using both medications at different moments. Most of the patients (221 or 74%) were using medication seven days a week and had taken it for a period longer than 5 years; 61% (182) considered the treatment good and said, 21% (63) said, 'It is good, but I'm afraid of taking it'. Most of the patients (70% or 211) did not report any adverse symptoms. Their main claim was related to blurred vision, which was solved by a refraction examination.Conclusions: Fear has been a factor that makes adherence to treatment difficult. Making patients aware of the importance of the treatment is strongly relevant because antimalarials are well tolerated.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the frequency of toxic retinopathy in patients with lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis with long-term use of chloroquine diphosphate or hydroxychloroquine through spectral domain optical coherence tomography and the outcomes of ophthalmological exams (visual acuity - Snellen's table, color vision test - Ishihara's table, fundoscopy, and retinography - red-free). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving the ophthalmologic evaluation of patients using regular chloroquine diphosphate or hydroxychloroquine for a period of 1 year or longer. The patients completed a questionnaire on their opinions and treatment regularity. The same patients underwent ophthalmologic examination and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Results: The prevalence of toxic retinopathy caused by antimalarials was 4.15% (9 of 217 patients), 7.4% (4 of 54 patients) following chloroquine diphosphate usage, and 0.82% (1 of 121 patients) following hydroxychloroquine usage. Only patients with advanced stage maculopathy presented abnormalities during the ophthalmologic exam: the color vision test was altered in 11.1%, and visual acuity and fundoscopy were altered in 33.3%. Identification of early toxic retinopathy, detected in six patients, was possible using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The mean duration of antimalarial drug usage among patients with toxic retinopathy was 10.4 years. Only 31% of the patients reported some symptoms during treatment, and although 24% were afraid to use the medication, they did so as prescribed. Conclusion: Use of spectral domain optical coherence tomography was essential for the diagnosis of early-stage antimalarial toxic retinopathy in patients with the following characteristics: asymptomatic, antimalarial use 7 days a week for a period of more than 5 years, and normal clinical ophthalmologic examination.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a frequência da retinopatia tóxica em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso e artrite reumatóide com uso crônico de difosfato de cloroquina ou hidroxicloroquina, através de tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral e os resultados dos exames oftalmológicos (acuidade visual - tabela de Snellen, teste de visão de cor - tabela de Ishihara, fundoscopia e retinografia - red free). Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal envolvendo a avaliação oftalmológica de pacientes em uso regular de difosfato de cloroquina ou hidroxicloroquina por um período de um ano ou mais. Os pacientes responderam a um questionário sobre a sua opinião e regularidade do tratamento. Os mesmos pacientes realizaram exame oftalmológico clínico e tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral. Resultados: A prevalência de retinopatia tóxica por antimaláricos foi de 4,15% (9 dos 217 pacientes), 7,4% (4 de 54 pacientes) após uso de difosfato de cloroquina e 0,82% (1 de 121 pacientes) após uso de hidroxicloroquina. Apenas os pacientes com maculopatia em fase avançada apresentaram alterações durante os exames clínicos: teste de visão de cores alterado em 11,1%, e a acuidade visual e fundoscopia foram alteradas em 33,3%. A identificação de retinopatia tóxica precoce, detectada em seis pacientes, foi possível por meio da tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral. A duração média do tempo de uso de drogas antimaláricas entre os pacientes com retinopatia tóxica foi de 10,4 anos. Apenas 31% dos pacientes relataram algum sintoma durante o tratamento e apesar de 24% terem medo de usar a medicação, eles o fizeram conforme prescrito. Conclusão: O uso da tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral foi essencial para o diagnóstico de retinopatia tóxica antimalárica em estágio inicial em pacientes com as seguintes características: uso assintomático, antimalárico 7 dias por semana por um período maior que cinco anos e exame oftalmológico clínico normal.

Assuntos

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To investigate the frequency of toxic retinopathy in patients with lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis with long-term use of chloroquine diphosphate or hydroxychloroquine through spectral domain optical coherence tomography and the outcomes of ophthalmological exams (visual acuity - Snellen's table, color vision test - Ishihara's table, fundoscopy, and retinography - red-free). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving the ophthalmologic evaluation of patients using regular chloroquine diphosphate or hydroxychloroquine for a period of 1 year or longer. The patients completed a questionnaire on their opinions and treatment regularity. The same patients underwent ophthalmologic examination and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: The prevalence of toxic retinopathy caused by antimalarials was 4.15% (9 of 217 patients), 7.4% (4 of 54 patients) following chloroquine diphosphate usage, and 0.82% (1 of 121 patients) following hydroxychloroquine usage. Only patients with advanced stage maculopathy presented abnormalities during the ophthalmologic exam: the color vision test was altered in 11.1%, and visual acuity and fundoscopy were altered in 33.3%. Identification of early toxic retinopathy, detected in six patients, was possible using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The mean duration of antimalarial drug usage among patients with toxic retinopathy was 10.4 years. Only 31% of the patients reported some symptoms during treatment, and although 24% were afraid to use the medication, they did so as prescribed. CONCLUSION: Use of spectral domain optical coherence tomography was essential for the diagnosis of early-stage antimalarial toxic retinopathy in patients with the following characteristics: asymptomatic, antimalarial use 7 days a week for a period of more than 5 years, and normal clinical ophthalmologic examination.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Kabuki syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly, characterized by five fundamental features, the "Pentad of Niikawa": dysmorphic facies, skeletal anomalies, dermatoglyphic abnormalities, mild to moderate mental retardation and postnatal growth deficiency. Patients present characteristic external ocular features, nonetheless they may also present significant ocular abnormalities. We report a case of a brazilian child diagnosed with Kabuki syndrome, addressing the clinical features observed, with emphasis on the ocular manifestations. This case highlights the existence of this syndrome and all of its complexity. The identification of preventable causes of loss of vision underlines the value of detailed ophthalmologic examination of Kabuki syndrome patients.

A síndrome de Kabuki é uma anomalia congênita rara, caracterizada por cinco aspectos fundamentais a "Pêntade de Niikawa": face dismórfica, anomalias esqueléticas, alterações dermatoglíficas, retardo mental leve a moderado e retardo de crescimento pós-natal. Os pacientes apresentam aspectos oculares externos característicos. Além disso, também podem apresentar anormalidades oculares significativas. Reportamos um caso de uma criança brasileira diagnosticada com síndrome de Kabuki, relatando os aspectos clínicos observados, com ênfase nas manifestações oculares. Esse caso chama a atenção para a existência dessa síndrome e toda sua complexidade. A identificação de causas evitáveis de perda de visão reforça a importância do exame oftalmológico detalhado de pacientes com síndrome de Kabuki.

Assuntos