RESUMO
Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil dos hormônios tireoidianos de mulheres com idade maior ou igual a 50 anos atendidas no Laboratório Municipal de Referência Regional de Serrinha (LMRRS) no ano de 2017. Métodos: Os resultados de T3, T4 livre e TSH foram coletados retrospectivamente através do sistema informatizado utilizado pelo laboratório para construção de uma base de dados, e analisados de acordo com valores de referência recomendados pela Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia. Resultados: Foi encontrada uma prevalência moderada de disfunções tireoidianas, sendo 58,62% de casos de hipotireoidismo e 41,38% de hipertireoidismo. Houve também aumento dos níveis de TSH e T4 livre entre os 50 e 70 anos, sem alterações nos níveis de T3 total. Conclusão: Os resultados assemelham-se a estudos anteriores, envolvendo outras populações, com predomínio do hipotireoidismo subclínico entre mulheres na mesma faixa etária. No entanto, a tendência crescente dos níveis de T4 livre não reflete os achados prévios que associam o avanço da idade e redução da produção de estrogênios com a diminuição da função tireoidiana.
Objective: To characterize the thyroid hormone profile of women aged 50 years and older attended at the Laboratório Municipal de Referência Regional de Serrinha (LMRRS) in the year 2017. Methods: The results of T3, free T4 and TSH were retrospectively collected from the computerized system of laboratory for building a database, and analyzed according to the reference values recommended by the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology. Results: A moderate prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was found, with 58.62% of cases of hypothyroidism and 41.38% of hyperthyroidism. There was also an increase of TSH and free T4 levels between 50 and 70 years with no changes in total T3 levels. Conclusion: The results are similar to previous studies involving other populations, with a prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in women in the same age group. However, the increasing trend of free T4 levels does not reflect the previous findings that associate the advancement of age and reduction of estrogen production with the decrease of thyroid function.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Glândula Tireoide , Hormônios Tireóideos , Menopausa , Hipertireoidismo , HipotireoidismoRESUMO
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection causes severe cellular immune dysfunction. Here, we investigated the production of Th17-associated cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of untreated patients with HCV, patients presenting an early virologic response (EVR) after 12weeks of treatment with interferon-α plus ribavirin with or without HCV protease inhibitors, and patients who were nonresponders to HCV therapy. PBMCs were stimulated with HCV core and nonstructural antigens, and the production of Th17-associated cytokines was measured with a Milliplex MAP immunoassay. Core-stimulated PBMCs from both untreated and nonresponder patients produced interleukin (IL)-17A, and vigorous production of IL-17A in response to NS3 antigen was only verified in the untreated group. Nonresponder patients also produced IL-17F after core antigen stimulation. IL-21 production was unaltered in the three groups of patients, whereas IL-17E and IL-22 were not detected. The production of Th17 cytokines by cells from patients showing an EVR was insignificant. IL-17A and IL-17F levels were not correlated with alanine aminotransferase levels or viremia. However, advanced fibrosis was associated with higher IL-17A production in T0 cells stimulated with core antigen. Untreated patients with HCV and patients who were nonresponders to antiviral treatment differed in their PBMC immune responses of Th17-associated cytokines. The early virological response to antiviral treatment dramatically decreased Th17 immune responses to HCV antigens.
Assuntos
Citocinas/sangue , Hepatite C Crônica/imunologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Células Th17/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Hepacivirus/imunologia , Antígenos da Hepatite C/imunologia , Hepatite C Crônica/sangue , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Imunidade Celular , Interferon-alfa/uso terapêutico , Interleucina-17/sangue , Interleucinas/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inibidores de Proteases/uso terapêutico , Ribavirina/uso terapêutico , Resposta Viral Sustentada , Interleucina 22RESUMO
PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the dimensions of the oropharynx and its shape in the minimum cross-sectional area, in individuals with Class I and Class II skeletal patterns, using three-dimensional CBCT images. METHODS: Forty-two cone-beam computed tomography images of grown individuals were evaluated. The images were divided according to the patient's skeletal patterns. The dimensions of the oropharyngeal airway space were determined using the Dolphin Imaging software. RESULTS: The volume and the minimum cross-sectional area were greater in patients with a Class I skeletal pattern, with a median difference of 5379 mm3 and 86.8 mm2, respectively. The anteroposterior and lateral diameters in the minimum cross-sectional area were also higher in Class I individuals (2.3 and 6.0 mm, respectively), but the ratio between them was not different. CONCLUSIONS: The volume and the minimum cross-sectional area of the oropharynx, as well as the anteroposterior and lateral diameters, are lower in individuals with a class II skeletal pattern than in individuals with a class I skeletal pattern. There was no difference in the shape of the oropharynx in healthy individuals with different skeletal patterns.
Assuntos
Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , Imageamento Tridimensional , Orofaringe/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Orofaringe/anatomia & histologia , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects B-lymphocytes, provokes cellular dysfunction and causes lymphoproliferative diseases such as cryoglobulinemia and non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma. In the present study, we investigated the serum levels of kappa and lambda free light chains (FLC) of immunoglobulins and the kappa/lambda FLC ratio in Brazilian patients with chronic HCV infection and cryoglobulinemia. We also analyzed the immunochemical composition of the cryoglobulins in these patients. Twenty-eight cryoglobulinemic HCV patients composed the target group, while 37 HCV patients without cryoglobulinemia were included as controls. The median levels of kappa and lambda FLC were higher in patients with cryoglobulinemia compared to controls (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively), but the kappa/lambda FLC ratio was similar in patients with and without cryoglobulinemia (p > 0.05). The median FLC ratio was higher in HCV patients presenting with advanced fibrosis of the liver compared to HCV patients without fibrosis (p = 0.004). Kappa and lambda FLC levels were strongly correlated with the IgA, IgG and IgM levels in the patients with cryoglobulinemia. In patients without cryoglobulinemia, the kappa FLC level was only correlated with the IgG level, whereas the lambda FLC were weakly correlated with the IgA, IgG and IgM levels. An immunochemical pattern of mixed cryoglobulins (MC), predominantly IgM, IgG, IgA and kappa light chain, was verified in these immune complexes. We concluded that HCV-infected patients presenting cryoglobulinemia have vigorous polyclonal B-lymphocyte activation due to chronic HCV infection and persistent immune stimulation.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Crioglobulinemia/etiologia , Crioglobulinas/análise , Hepatite C Crônica/complicações , Cadeias kappa de Imunoglobulina/sangue , Cadeias lambda de Imunoglobulina/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Hepatite C Crônica/sangue , Imuno-Histoquímica , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangueRESUMO
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects B-lymphocytes, provokes cellular dysfunction and causes lymphoproliferative diseases such as cryoglobulinemia and non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma. In the present study, we investigated the serum levels of kappa and lambda free light chains (FLC) of immunoglobulins and the kappa/lambda FLC ratio in Brazilian patients with chronic HCV infection and cryoglobulinemia. We also analyzed the immunochemical composition of the cryoglobulins in these patients. Twenty-eight cryoglobulinemic HCV patients composed the target group, while 37 HCV patients without cryoglobulinemia were included as controls. The median levels of kappa and lambda FLC were higher in patients with cryoglobulinemia compared to controls (p=0.001 and p=0.003, respectively), but the kappa/lambda FLC ratio was similar in patients with and without cryoglobulinemia (p>0.05). The median FLC ratio was higher in HCV patients presenting with advanced fibrosis of the liver compared to HCV patients without fibrosis (p=0.004). Kappa and lambda FLC levels were strongly correlated with the IgA, IgG and IgM levels in the patients with cryoglobulinemia. In patients without cryoglobulinemia, the kappa FLC level was only correlated with the IgG level, whereas the lambda FLC were weakly correlated with the IgA, IgG and IgM levels. An immunochemical pattern of mixed cryoglobulins (MC), predominantly IgM, IgG, IgA and kappa light chain, was verified in these immune complexes. We concluded that HCV-infected patients presenting cryoglobulinemia have vigorous polyclonal B-lymphocyte activation due to chronic HCV infection and persistent immune stimulation.
Assuntos
Crioglobulinemia/etiologia , Crioglobulinas/análise , Hepatite C Crônica/complicações , Cadeias kappa de Imunoglobulina/sangue , Cadeias lambda de Imunoglobulina/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Hepatite C Crônica/sangue , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Advancement genioplasty has been increasingly indicated for the correction of anterior mandibular deficiency as it balances the patient's profile and generates functional changes. OBJECTIVE: Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of advancement genioplasty in the oropharyngeal size and in the position of the hyoid bone and tongue. METHODS: The sample comprised 22 lateral cephalometric radiographs of 11 individuals who had undergone advancement genioplasty alone. Eleven of these radiographs depicted the immediate preoperative period (T0) and the other 11 the postoperative period after at least four months (T1). The radiographs were scanned and exported to the Radiocef Studio 2.0® software (Radio Memory Ltda., Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil). The landmarks were then identified and automatically measured by the program. RESULTS: The results showed statistically significant differences between the horizontal position of the hyoid bone and tongue and in the oropharyngeal size. The hyoid bone and tongue were repositioned anteriorly after surgery (p = 0.01), thereby increasing the dimension of the oropharyngeal airspace (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The oropharyngeal dimension increased as the tongue base and hyoid bone were repositioned more anteriorly.
Assuntos
Queixo/cirurgia , Mentoplastia , Osso Hioide/fisiopatologia , Avanço Mandibular , Orofaringe/anatomia & histologia , Orofaringe/patologia , Língua/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Cefalometria , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Músculos do Pescoço/fisiologia , Tamanho do Órgão , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: a cirurgia de avanço de mento isolado tem sido cada vez mais indicada para a correção de deficiência anterior da mandíbula, harmonizando o perfil e gerando alterações funcionais. OBJETIVO: essa pesquisa teve a finalidade de avaliar os efeitos da cirurgia de avanço de mento no tamanho da orofaringe e nas posições do osso hioide e da língua. MÉTODOS: a amostra constou de 22 radiografias cefalométricas de perfil de 11 indivíduos que se submeteram à cirurgia de mentoplastia de avanço isolada. Dessas radiografias, 11 retratavam o período imediatamente pré-cirúrgico (T0) e 11 o pós-cirúrgico de, pelo menos, quatro meses (T1). As radiografias foram digitalizadas e transferidas para o programa Radiocef Studio 2.0, por meio do qual foram feitas as medições entre os pontos demarcados. RESULTADOS: verificaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre T0 e T1 quanto à posição do osso hioide e da língua no sentido horizontal e ao tamanho da orofaringe. O osso hioide se apresentou posicionado mais anterior em T1 (p = 0,01), assim como a língua, aumentando o tamanho da orofaringe (p = 0,01). CONCLUSÃO: houve aumento do espaço aéreo da orofaringe com o posicionamento mais anterior da base da língua, bem como a reposição do osso hioide anteriormente.
INTRODUCTION: Advancement genioplasty has been increasingly indicated for the correction of anterior mandibular deficiency as it balances the patient's profile and generates functional changes. OBJECTIVE: Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of advancement genioplasty in the oropharyngeal size and in the position of the hyoid bone and tongue. METHODS: The sample comprised 22 lateral cephalometric radiographs of 11 individuals who had undergone advancement genioplasty alone. Eleven of these radiographs depicted the immediate preoperative period (T0) and the other 11 the postoperative period after at least four months (T1). The radiographs were scanned and exported to the Radiocef Studio 2.0® software (Radio Memory Ltda., Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil). The landmarks were then identified and automatically measured by the program. RESULTS: The results showed statistically significant differences between the horizontal position of the hyoid bone and tongue and in the oropharyngeal size. The hyoid bone and tongue were repositioned anteriorly after surgery (p = 0.01), thereby increasing the dimension of the oropharyngeal airspace (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The oropharyngeal dimension increased as the tongue base and hyoid bone were repositioned more anteriorly.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Queixo/cirurgia , Mentoplastia , Osso Hioide/fisiopatologia , Avanço Mandibular , Orofaringe/anatomia & histologia , Orofaringe/patologia , Língua/fisiopatologia , Cefalometria , Músculos do Pescoço/fisiologia , Tamanho do Órgão , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This work investigated the profile of inflammation biomarkers in patients with chronic hepatitis C and its association with liver fibrosis, hepatic necroinflammatory activity, viral genotypes and cryoglobulinemia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Seventy-eight untreated patients were studied. Biomarker levels were determined by immunoassays, cryoglobulinemia by cryoprecipitation and liver histopathology investigated using METAVIR scores. RESULTS: Decreased levels of α(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP), C3 and haptoglobin (Hp) were observed in the patients (P < 0.0001). Increased α(1)-antitrypsin (P < 0.01) and ferritin (P < 0.0001) levels were found in this group, but C-reactive protein (CRP) and C4 levels were unaltered. Alanine aminotransferase inversely correlated with Hp (P < 0.01) and AGP (P = 0.01), whereas it was directly correlated with ferritin (P < 0.05) and AGP (P < 0.0001). The levels of CRP, C3 and C4 were lower in the patients with hepatic necroinflammatory activity (P < 0.05). Patients with advanced fibrosis had low levels of Hp and AGP (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Neither infection with different viral genotypes nor cryoglobulinemia caused an alteration in biomarker levels. CONCLUSION: Chronic hepatitis C virus infection alters the levels of some biomarkers, which are mainly observed in patients with liver fibrosis and hepatic necroinflammatory activity.