RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intracranial subependymomas are rare slow-growing benign tumors typically located in the ventricular system, accounting for 0.07-0.7% of all intracranial neoplasms. Intraparenchymal subependymoma is extremely rare lesions, imposing a challenging diagnosis and management. CASE DESCRIPTION: We describe a case of a supratentorial intraparenchymal mass on left occipital lobe in a 26-year-old woman with progressive headache and visual impairment. Differential diagnosis mainly included gliomas, neuronal-glial tumors, ependymoma, and subependymoma. Complete surgical resection was performed and histopathology analysis confirmed diagnosis of subependymoma. Despite its benign behavior the Ki67/MIB-1 labeling index assessed by immunohistochemistry was 5%. After 1 year of follow-up she was free of tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION: Intraparenchymal subependymoma is extremely rare tumors and literature review showed only 11 cases reported. In general, they are misdiagnosed as other tumors, so careful attention on clinical and radiological features must be taken when looking at a tumor close to the ventricular system, even though it does not have any obvious direct connection to it. Despite its benign nature, total removal must be attempted given that there are reports of recurrence, especially in partially removed tumors with high proliferation index. The role of adjuvant therapy is still limited and new treatment options are being developed as our knowledge on biological and molecular characteristics advances.
RESUMO
Objective To evaluate the intercarotid distance (ICD) of patients with pituitary macroadenoma and compare to heatlhy controls. Method We retrospectively reviewed contrast-enhanced MRI images from twenty consecutive patients diagnosed with non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma, measured the ICD at two different levels (petrous segment - ICD1 and horizontal cavernous segment - ICD2) and compared to twenty paired controls. Results There was no statistically significant difference of the mean ICD1 between the groups and subgroups. For the ICD2 there was statistically significant difference between the case and controls. However, there was no significant difference between the patients with smaller adenomas and the controls. In contrast, the patients with giant adenomas showed statistically significantly higher ICD2 than the controls. Conclusion The ICD at the horizontal segment of the cavernous carotid tends to be wider in patients with giant pituitary adenomas than in healthy individuals or patients with smaller adenomas.
Assuntos
Adenoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Carótida Interna/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Adenoma/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Artéria Carótida Interna/patologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Seio Cavernoso/diagnóstico por imagem , Seio Cavernoso/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Seio Esfenoidal/diagnóstico por imagem , Seio Esfenoidal/patologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the intercarotid distance (ICD) of patients with pituitary macroadenoma and compare to heatlhy controls. Method We retrospectively reviewed contrast-enhanced MRI images from twenty consecutive patients diagnosed with non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma, measured the ICD at two different levels (petrous segment – ICD1 and horizontal cavernous segment – ICD2) and compared to twenty paired controls. Results There was no statistically significant difference of the mean ICD1 between the groups and subgroups. For the ICD2 there was statistically significant difference between the case and controls. However, there was no significant difference between the patients with smaller adenomas and the controls. In contrast, the patients with giant adenomas showed statistically significantly higher ICD2 than the controls. Conclusion The ICD at the horizontal segment of the cavernous carotid tends to be wider in patients with giant pituitary adenomas than in healthy individuals or patients with smaller adenomas.
RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a distância intercarotídea (DIC) de pacientes com macroadenoma de hipófise e comparar com controles saudáveis. Método Foram analisados retrospectivamente imagens de ressonância magnética com contraste de vinte pacientes consecutivos com diagnóstico de macroadenoma hipofisário não-funcionante, medidas as DIC em dois níveis diferentes (segmento petroso – DIC1 e segmento cavernoso horizontal – DIC2) e comparados com vinte controles pareados. Resultados Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa da DIC1 média entre os grupos e subgrupos. Para a DIC2 houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os casos e controles. No entanto, não houve diferença significativa entre os doentes com adenomas menores e os controles. Entretanto, os pacientes com adenomas gigantes tiveram estatisticamente significativamente DIC2 que os controlos. Conclusão A DIC no segmento horizontal da carótida cavernoso, tende a ser mais larga em doentes com adenomas hipofisários gigantes do que em indivíduos saudáveis ou de pacientes com adenomas menores.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Carótida Interna/diagnóstico por imagem , Adenoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/patologia , Seio Esfenoidal/patologia , Seio Esfenoidal/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Artéria Carótida Interna/patologia , Adenoma/patologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Seio Cavernoso/patologia , Seio Cavernoso/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We report our surgical series of 35 patients with giant nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (GNFPA). We analyzed the rule of Ki-67 antigen expression in predicting recurrence. METHODS: Thirty-five patients were operated between 2000 and 2010. Suprassellar extension of the tumors were classified according to Hardy and Mohr based on magnetic resonance (MR) studies. Pituitary endocrine function and MR scans were assessed preoperatively and at 1, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Immunohistochemical studies were based in regard to the expression of the proliferative Ki-67 index and the hormonal receptor for luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and prolactin. Tumors specimens were obtained from 35 patients with GNFPA. Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery was the approach of choice. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients were submitted to 49 surgeries, 44 (89.8%) were transsphenoidal and 5 (10.2%) were transcranial. The most frequent preoperative complaints were visual acuity impairment and visual field defect in 25 (71.2%) and 23 (65.7%) cases, respectively. Improvement of visual acuitiy and visual field deficit after surgery was seen in 20 (80%) and 17 (73.9%) patients, respectively. Endocrinological deficits were encountered in 20 patients (57.1%). After surgery, 18 patients (51.4%) required hormonal replacement. Three patients had visual symptoms related to pituitary apoplexy and recovered after surgery. The Ki-67 labeling index (LI) ranged from <1% to 4.8%. The rate of recurrence in tumors with Ki-67 <3% was 7.7% (2 patients), Ki-67 >3% was present in 5 patients and the recurrence committed 3 patients. CONCLUSION: In our series, regardless the improvement of visual function and compressing symptoms, 5 patients with expression of Ki-67 LI more than 3% experienced a recurrence.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The presigmoid retrolabyrinthine space is characterized by a widely variable size. The main structure involved in this large variability is the sigmoid sinus. Few studies have attempted to establish a reliable classification of sigmoid sinus to predict the presigmoid retrolabyrinthine space. We used tomographic mapping of human cadaver temporal bones to classify the position of sigmoid sinus and performed a cadaveric study to assess the validity of a novel classification in predicting the presigmoid retrolabyrinthine space. METHODS: Ten human cadaver temporal bones were randomly selected and subjected to fine-cut computed tomography scanning to classify the position of sigmoid sinus using a reference line. The specimens were classified into medial and lateral groups and each specimen was then subjected to mastoidectomy. The groups were compared using quantitative and qualitative analysis. RESULTS: The medial group showed a larger distance between the sigmoid sinus and the external auditory canal and a shallower lateral semicircular canal. In the lateral group, the mastoidectomy was more demanding, and the Trautmann's triangle was typically narrower and often "hidden" medially to the sigmoid sinus. CONCLUSIONS: The tomographic classification proposed in this study predicts, in a cadaveric model, the presigmoid retrolabyrinthine space. It may help the surgeon select the best approach to reach the petroclival region and lead to safer neurological and otological surgeries.
RESUMO
UNLABELLED: Many studies have shown the consequent gustatory alteration caused by ear surgeries. However, few have reported this alteration in patients with chronic otitis media (COM), prior to surgical treatment. AIM: to identify gustatory alterations due to chorda tympani nerve involvement in patients with COM without prior surgery. METHODS: Clinical essay, with tests based on 'taste strips' with different concentrations of salt, sweet, bitter, and sour, was performed in 45 patients with unilateral cholesteatomatous or suppurated COM not previously submitted to otological surgery, using the disease-free ear on the contralateral side as control. The score ranged between 0 and 16. RESULTS: A total of 25 patients presented cholesteatoma and 20 had non-cholesteatomatous disease. The mean score was 6.65 for the affected side and 9.93 for the half of the tongue on the side of the healthy ear (p<0.001). No patients had complained of gustatory alterations before the examination. Among the 24 patients with unilateral hypogeusia, eight cases of unilateral ageusia were found on the affected side. There was an association between cholesteatoma (p=0.055), disease duration (p=0.07) and worsening in gustatory sensitivity. CONCLUSION: Patients with COM can have gustatory alterations, even in the absence of complaints.
Assuntos
Colesteatoma da Orelha Média/complicações , Otite Média/complicações , Distúrbios do Paladar/etiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Distúrbios do Paladar/diagnóstico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Many studies have shown the consequent gustatory alteration caused by ear surgeries. However, few have reported this alteration in patients with chronic otitis media (COM), prior to surgical treatment. AIM: to identify gustatory alterations due to chorda tympani nerve involvement in patients with COM without prior surgery. METHODS: Clinical essay, with tests based on "taste strips" with different concentrations of salt, sweet, bitter, and sour, was performed in 45 patients with unilateral cholesteatomatous or suppurated COM not previously submitted to otological surgery, using the disease-free ear on the contralateral side as control. The score ranged between 0 and 16. RESULTS: A total of 25 patients presented cholesteatoma and 20 had non-cholesteatomatous disease. The mean score was 6.65 for the affected side and 9.93 for the half of the tongue on the side of the healthy ear (p<0.001). No patients had complained of gustatory alterations before the examination. Among the 24 patients with unilateral hypogeusia, eight cases of unilateral ageusia were found on the affected side. There was an association between cholesteatoma (p=0.055), disease duration (p=0.07) and worsening in gustatory sensitivity. CONCLUSION: Patients with COM can have gustatory alterations, even in the absence of complaints.
Muitos estudos mostraram a consequente alteração do paladar após cirurgia otológica. Entretanto, poucos reportaram essa alteração como uma queixa de pacientes com otite média crônica (OMC) previamente à cirurgia. OBJETIVO: Avaliar alterações na função gustatória na área inervada pelo nervo corda do tímpano em pacientes com OMC ainda não submetidos à cirurgia. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: O ensaio clínico, com teste gustatório baseado em "tiras gustativas" com diferentes concentrações de sal, doce, amargo e azedo, foi realizado em 45 pacientes com OMC colesteatomatosa e não-colesteatomatosa unilateral, nunca antes submetidos à cirurgia otológica, utilizando a metade da língua do lado livre de doença otológica como controle. As notas variavam de 0 a 16. RESULTADOS: 25 pacientes apresentavam colesteatoma e o restante OMC não-colesteatomatosa. A pontuação média foi de 6,65 para o lado afetado e 9,93 para a metade da língua do lado sadio (p<0,001). Nenhum paciente se queixava de alteração do paladar antes do exame. Encontramos 24 casos de hipogeusia do lado afetado, sendo 8 (17,7 por cento) casos de ageusia. Houve uma relação entre tempo de doença (p=0,07) e colesteatoma (p=0,055) com piora da sensibilidade gustativa. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com OMC podem apresentar alteração gustativa, mesmo na ausência de queixas.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Colesteatoma da Orelha Média/complicações , Otite Média/complicações , Distúrbios do Paladar/etiologia , Doença Crônica , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Distúrbios do Paladar/diagnóstico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Otitis media is one of the most common infectious diseases of infancy; a reduction in its incidence would have a significant economic and social impact. Vaccines may play a role in the prevention of otitis media. This report discusses vaccines against pneumococci and influenza viruses. We reviewed the literature for results of studies examining the role of these vaccines in the prevention of otitis media. The 23-valent polysaccharide anti-pneumococcal vaccine did not modify the incidence of otitis media in children aged 2 years less, the age group with the highest incidence of otitis. The heptavalent anti-pneumococcal vaccine did not significantly reduce the incidence of otitis media overall. This vaccine did, however, reduce the number of episodes of otitis media with effusion and the number of recurrences; it also altered the profile of causative microorganisms by increasing otitis caused by different microorganisms. We found the inactivated anti-influenza virus vaccine to be effective in reducing otitis media during peak incidence periods of influenza. As these new vaccines are currently available in Brazil, otolaryngologists must be aware of their potential role and impact in the reduction of otitis media, to counsel patients appropriately.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra Influenza/uso terapêutico , Otite Média/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Pneumocócicas/uso terapêutico , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Esquemas de Imunização , Lactente , VacinaçãoRESUMO
A Otite Média é uma das doenças infecciosas mais comuns da infância e a diminuição de sua incidência levaria a um grande impacto econômico e social para o mundo. Como uma das formas de prevenção temos as vacinas. As duas vacinas escolhidas para esta revisão são as vacinas antipneumocócica e antiinfluenza. Esta revisão da literatura procurou mostrar os resultados dos principais estudos sobre essas vacinas e seu papel na prevenção da otite média. A vacina antipneumocócica polissacarídea 23-valente não alterou a incidência de otite média pela ineficácia para menores de 2 anos, grupo de maior incidência dessa enfermidade. A vacina antipneumocócica heptavalente, apesar de não provocar grande queda na incidência geral de otite média, mudou o perfil de seus microorganismos causadores, diminuindo os episódios de otite média com efusão e recorrente e aumentando as otites causadas por H. influenza, M. catarrhalis e sorotipos de pneumococo ausentes da vacina heptavalente. A vacina antiinfluenza com vírus inativado mostrou-se efetiva na redução da otite média aguda nos períodos de maior incidência desse vírus. Os otorrinolaringologistas devem estar cientes do papel dessas novas vacinas já disponíveis no Brasil e seu impacto na redução da otite média, para saber orientar adequadamente os seus pacientes.
Otitis media is one of the most common infectious diseases of infancy; a reduction in its incidence would have a significant economic and social impact. Vaccines may play a role in the prevention of otitis media. This report discusses vaccines against pneumococci and influenza viruses. We reviewed the literature for results of studies examining the role of these vaccines in the prevention of otitis media. The 23-valent polysaccharide anti-pneumococcal vaccine did not modify the incidence of otitis media in children aged 2 years less, the age group with the highest incidence of otitis. The heptavalent anti-pneumococcal vaccine did not significantly reduce the incidence of otitis media overall. This vaccine did, however, reduce the number of episodes of otitis media with effusion and the number of recurrences; it also altered the profile of causative microorganisms by increasing otitis caused by different microorganisms. We found the inactivated anti-influenza virus vaccine to be effective in reducing otitis media during peak incidence periods of influenza. As these new vaccines are currently available in Brazil, otolaryngologists must be aware of their potential role and impact in the reduction of otitis media, to counsel patients appropriately.