RESUMO
The world is experiencing an increase in emergent infections as a result of anthropogenic changes of the biosphere and globalization. Global warming unrestricted exploitation of natural resources such as forests and fisheries, urbanization, human migration, and industrialization of animal husbandry cause environmental destruction and fragmentation. These changes of the biosphere favor local emergence of zoonoses from their natural biotopes and their interaction with domestic animals and human populations. Subsequently, international commerce, human and animal migration and travel, favor the dissemination of these zoonotic pathogens worldwide. Chile is undergoing an important degradation of many wild-life biotopes, affecting their diversity and contributing to the dissemination of zoonoses such as Chagas disease, Hantavirus, rabies, fish tapeworms, and marine vibriosis. Moreover, agents of many other zoonoses such as inverted exclamation markeptospirosis, hydatidosis, salmonellosis, rabies, brucellosis and anthrax have been detected in different wild-life environments in the country. The intensification and accelerations of the anthropogenic deterioration of the biosphere in Chile, as results of the unrestricted utilization of natural resources and global climate change, suggests that emergence of new zoonoses in the near future will lead to important public health and economic problems. Forestalling of these problems will require active epidemiológica! surveillance of wild and domestic animals with a wide range of modern molecular and ancillary epidemiológica! tools. This also demands government and private sector (i.e., animal husbandry) intervention, funding and the collaboration of professionals in human and veterinary medicine with those in the environmental sciences including ecology, climatology and oceanography.
Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/transmissão , Reservatórios de Doenças , Zoonoses/transmissão , Animais , Animais Selvagens/microbiologia , Animais Selvagens/parasitologia , Animais Selvagens/virologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/prevenção & controle , Reservatórios de Doenças/microbiologia , Reservatórios de Doenças/parasitologia , Reservatórios de Doenças/virologia , Vetores de Doenças , Monitoramento Ambiental , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Humanos , Vigilância da População , Zoonoses/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The world is experiencing an increase in emergent infections as a result of anthropogenic changes of the biosphere and globalization. Global warming unrestricted exploitation of natural resources such as forests and fisheries, urbanization, human migration, and industrialization of animal husbandry cause environmental destruction and fragmentation. These changes of the biosphere favor local emergence of zoonoses from their natural biotopes and their interaction with domestic animals and human populations. Subsequently, international commerce, human and animal migration and travel, favor the dissemination of these zoonotic pathogens worldwide. Chile is undergoing an important degradation of many wild-life biotopes, affecting their diversity and contributing to the dissemination of zoonoses such as Chagas disease, Hantavirus, rabies, fish tapeworms, and marine vibriosis. Moreover, agents of many other zoonoses such as ¡eptospirosis, hydatidosis, salmonellosis, rabies, brucellosis and anthrax have been detected in different wild-life environments in the country. The intensification and accelerations of the anthropogenic deterioration of the biosphere in Chile, as results of the unrestricted utilization of natural resources and global climate change, suggests that emergence of new zoonoses in the near future will lead to important public health and economic problems. Forestalling of these problems will require active epidemiológica! surveillance of wild and domestic animals with a wide range of modern molecular and ancillary epidemiológica! tools. This also demands government and private sector (i.e., animal husbandry) intervention, funding and the collaboration of professionals in human and veterinary medicine with those in the environmental sciences including ecology, climatology and oceanography.
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/transmissão , Reservatórios de Doenças , Zoonoses/transmissão , Animais Selvagens/microbiologia , Animais Selvagens/parasitologia , Animais Selvagens/virologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/prevenção & controle , Reservatórios de Doenças/microbiologia , Reservatórios de Doenças/parasitologia , Reservatórios de Doenças/virologia , Vetores de Doenças , Monitoramento Ambiental , Vigilância da População , Zoonoses/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Revisaremos el lupus en su forma sistémica, que si bien puede presentarse a cualquier edad, es más frecuente en adultos.El LES en pediatría se ha descrito clásicamente de presentación más severa que en adultos, y se ha relacionado con la edad de diagnóstico. Su forma de presentación habitualmente es similar a los adultos, es decir, fiebre, compromiso articular y renal, compromiso del estado general y baja de peso de curso crónico, aunque en algunos casos se puede presentar en forma aguda como convulsiones, psicosis, falla reanl aguda, hemorragia pulmonar, serositis o alteraciones hematológicas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/diagnóstico , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/epidemiologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/etiologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/patologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/terapiaRESUMO
El síndrome de muerte súbita infantil es causa significativa de mortalidad infantil en Chile y otros países. Un factor de riesgo conocido es colocar lactantes en prono para dormir. Un estudio reciente en Estados Unidos demostró fallas al respecto ya que en 49 por ciento de salas cuna encuestadas lactantes dormían en prono. Objetivo: conocer las conductas que dice adoptar el personal de una muestra de salas cuna de Santiago, respecto de la posición en que son colocados a dormir lactantes menores. Pacientes y Métodos: realizamos una encuesta telefónica a 126 salas cuna de Santiago para determinar la posición al dormir de los lactantes. No se visitó las salas cuna para validar las respuestas. Resultados: Obtuvimos respuesta de 91 en que dijieron atender el lactante menores. Sesenta y tres declararon tener normas sobre el tema, pero solamente 20 eran escritas (22 por ciento). Entre las salas cuna que dijieron tener norma, 38 por ciento incluía la posición prona como única alternativa. Cicuenta y siete salas cuna (63 por ciento) declararon tener lactantes menores durmiendo en prono y en 17 (19 por ciento) exclusivamente en prono. Conclusión: Un alto porcentaje de salas cuna mantienen el factor de riesgo para muerte súbita "posición prona al dormir" presente en la práctica diaria. Se debe mejorar la información sobre el tema para disminuir este factor de riesgo de muerte súbita