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INTRODUCTION: Studies comparing different single-use flexible ureteroscope (su-fURS) models are lacking. The objective was to compare three types of su-fURS: the Uscope 3022 (PUSEN), LithoVue (Boston Scientific), and EU-scope (Innovex). METHODS: This was a retrospective study comparing the clinical outcomes from patients undergoing flexible ureteroscopy with one of the three su-fURS for upper urinary tract stone treatment between September 2019 and 2021. Analysis included total surgery and fluoroscopy time, post-procedure ureteral catheter, stone-free rate (SFR), and complications. RESULTS: There were 104 cases with the Uscope 3022, 141 with LithoVue, and 80 with EU-scope. Groups were comparable in terms of stone size, location and density, and prior double-J stent presence. Multivariate analysis showed no difference in terms of SFR: 79% (Uscope 3022), 77.5% (LithoVue), and 81% (EU-scope); p = 0.38. Significant differences were found for total surgery and fluoroscopy time, as well as ureteral access sheath use (p < 0.001), favoring the EU-scope group. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: The three devices evaluated are highly effective in treatment of kidney stones. Reasons for difference in total surgery and fluoroscopy time and access sheath use are not clear. However, this could be explained by technical aspects of these devices, such as external diameter, optical resolution, and field of view.
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Ureteroscopia , Cálculos Urinários , Humanos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
RESUMEN Chile presenta una alta producción y consumo de huevos, siendo considerado el quinto consumidor de huevos en Latinoamérica. Sin embargo, no se cuenta con datos acerca de las pérdidas de huevos en la cadena productiva. El objetivo de este estudio fue recopilar información acerca de las pérdidas de huevos a nivel nacional, mediante la consulta a productores y comercializadores de huevos, y revisar información acerca de alternativas de uso de los huevos de desecho con mayor enfoque en la cáscara. Se estimó que a nivel de granja las pérdidas fluctúan entre un 0,5 a 5% y durante la comercialización entre un 0,5% a 16,6%. El 80% de los productores consultados desechaban las cáscaras de huevo, y un 63% del total de productores no tenían conocimiento de productos basados en huevos de desecho. El principal uso de los huevos de desecho en Chile es para alimentación animal, también se produce huevo líquido pasteurizado o huevo en polvo. A nivel internacional se hacen esfuerzos por desarrollar nuevas opciones para dar un uso a los huevos de desecho, y es necesario contar con más estudios acerca del tema, enfocados en cuantificar las pérdidas económicas en los planteles, junto con promover la reutilización de los huevos de desecho para otorgarles un valor agregado y así reducir su desperdicio.
ABSTRACT Chile is a high producer and consumer of eggs, being considered the fifth consumer of eggs in Latin America. However, there are no data on production chain egg losses. The objective of this study was to survey information about egg losses at the national level, by consulting egg producers and traders and to review information about alternative uses of waste eggs with a focus on eggshells. It was estimated that at the farm level, losses range from 0.5 to 5% and during commercialization from 0.5% to 16.6%. Eighty percent of the producers consulted discarded eggshells, and 63% of total producers were not aware of products based on waste eggs. The main use of waste eggs in Chile is for animal feed; pasteurized liquid or powdered eggs. At the international level, efforts are being made to develop new options for alternative uses of waste eggs, and more studies are needed to quantify economic losses at the farm level and to promote the reuse of waste eggs, adding value to them and reducing waste.
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Polymer-based tri-layered (bone, intermediate and top layers) scaffolds used for the restoration of articular cartilage were prepared and characterized in this study to emulate the concentration gradient of cartilage. The scaffolds were physically or chemically crosslinked. In order to obtain adequate scaffolds for the intended application, the impact of the type of calcium phosphate used in the bone layer, the polymer used in the intermediate layer and the interlayer crosslinking process were analyzed. The correlation among SEM micrographs, physical-chemical characterization, swelling behavior, rheological measurements and cell studies were examined. Storage moduli at 1 Hz were 0.3-1.7 kPa for physically crosslinked scaffolds, and 4-5 kPa (EDC/NHS system) and 15-20 kPa (glutaraldehyde) for chemically crosslinked scaffolds. Intrinsic viscoelasticity and poroelasticity were considered in discussing the physical mechanism dominating in different time/frequency scales. Cell evaluation showed that all samples are available as alternatives to repair and/or substitute cartilage in articular osteoarthritis.
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The increase in fracture rates and/or problems associated with missing bones due to accidents or various pathologies generates socio-health problems with a very high impact. Tissue engineering aims to offer some kind of strategy to promote the repair of damaged tissue or its restoration as close as possible to the original tissue. Among the alternatives proposed by this specialty, the development of scaffolds obtained from recombinant proteins is of special importance. Furthermore, science and technology have advanced to obtain recombinant chimera's proteins. This review aims to offer a synthetic description of the latest and most outstanding advances made with these types of scaffolds, particularly emphasizing the main recombinant proteins that can be used to construct scaffolds in their own right, i.e., not only to impregnate them, but also to make scaffolds from their complex structure, with the purpose of being considered in bone regenerative medicine in the near future.
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Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Osteogênese , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão , Medicina Regenerativa , Engenharia Tecidual , Alicerces Teciduais/química , Humanos , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/química , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/metabolismoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The best option for lower pole stone management is still under debate. With the recent incorporation of disposable ureteroscopes, discussion on this topic has been renewed. The aim of the present study was to compare the results obtained with flexible disposable ureteroscopes with those obtained using reusable ureteroscopes in the treatment of inferior calyx stones. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case-control study was carried out using data registered prospectively in a database at our center. The clinical results obtained in two groups of patients were analyzed. In the first group of patients, a reusable flexible fiber-optic ureteroscope (Cobra®, Richard Wolf) was used, and in the second group, a disposable flexible ureteroscope was used (Uscope 3022®, Pusen Medical). The variables analyzed included: operative time, fluoroscopy time, need for postprocedure ureteral catheter, stone-free rate (fragments <1 millimeter) and complications. The results were evaluated using a Student's t test, a Mann-Whitney test and a Fisher's test. RESULTS: There were 31 cases with disposable ureteroscopes and 30 cases with a reusable ureteroscope. Both groups were comparable in their demographic and clinical variables. The characteristics regarding length, width and angle of the infundibulum (measured by retrograde ureteropyelography) were also comparable. There were no differences in the clinical findings with respect to the stone-free rate, need for a ureteral catheter, complications or hospital stay. Significant differences were found in the average surgery time (56.1 vs. 77 minutes; P = 0.01) and in the fluoroscopy time (66.1 vs. 83.4 seconds; P = 0.02), both favoring the use of single use ureteroscopes. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, disposable flexible ureteroscopes have been validated as an option that is in the least equivalent to reusable ureteroscopes based on clinical results. The shorter surgical and fluoroscopy durations are possible advantages considering the high costs associated with time spent in the operating room and the need to reduce ionizing radiation.
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INTRODUCTION: Reusable endoscopes have some limitations regarding their continued use. To sort out these problems, several disposable devices have appeared on the market. Our objective is to show our clinical results with a new digital flexible single-use ureteroscope. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study presents a prospective series of patients who underwent endoscopic surgery as treatment for renal stones using the digital disposable endoscope Uscope 3022™. Demographic, procedure and stone information were registered including surgery time, stone-free rate, need of ureteral catheterization and complications, among others. The behavior of the ureteroscope in terms of image quality and problems associated with flexibility and the working channel were also registered. RESULTS: A total of 71 procedures were included in the analysis. The mean age was 49.9 years old, with 70.4% of male patients. Mean stone size was 11.4 mm (4 to 40 mm). The most frequent stone location was in the lower calyces (28.2%). The stone burden was high (>2 cm) in 8.4% of patients. The mean surgical time was 56.6 minutes (15-180 min). In 94.4% of the cases, a laser was used with dusting parameters. The global stone-free rate (SFR) was 95.2%, but in the subgroups analysis SFR were significantly superior in stones less than 10 mm (97.9%) versus stones between 10 and 20 mm (94.5%) and greater than 20 mm (78.3%) (p <0.01). The postoperative placement of double-J stents was required in 66.2% of patients. Two minor complications were recorded and they were related to the ureteral access sheath used. There were no problems regarding the performance of the ureteroscope. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical data observed in this series does not differ from the results traditionally obtained with other reusable devices. To our knowledge, this series is the first worldwide report evaluating the clinical behavior and results in humans of the Uscope 3022.
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The morbidity of bone fractures and defects is steadily increasing due to changes in the age pyramid. As such, novel biomaterials that are able to promote the healing and regeneration of injured bones are needed to overcome the limitations of auto-, allo-, and xenografts, while providing a ready-to-use product that may help to minimize surgical invasiveness and duration. In this regard, recombinant biomaterials, such as elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs), are very promising as their design can be tailored by genetic engineering, thus allowing scalable production and batch-to-batch consistency, among others. Furthermore, they can self-assemble into physically crosslinked hydrogels above a certain transition temperature, in this case body temperature, but are injectable below this temperature, thereby markedly reducing surgical invasiveness. In this study, we have developed two bioactive hydrogel-forming ELRs, one including the osteogenic and osteoinductive bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and the other the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) cell adhesion motif. The combination of these two novel ELRs results in a BMP-2-loaded extracellular matrix-like hydrogel. Moreover, elastase-sensitive domains were included in both ELR molecules, thereby conferring biodegradation as a result of enzymatic cleavage and avoiding the need for scaffold removal after bone regeneration. Both ELRs and their combination showed excellent cytocompatibility, and the culture of cells on RGD-containing ELRs resulted in optimal cell adhesion. In addition, hydrogels based on a mixture of both ELRs were implanted in a pilot study involving a femoral bone injury model in New Zealand white rabbits, showing complete regeneration in six out of seven cases, with the other showing partial closure of the defect. Moreover, bone neoformation was confirmed using different techniques, such as radiography, computed tomography, and histology. This hydrogel system therefore displays significant potential in the regeneration of bone defects, promoting self-regeneration by the surrounding tissue with no involvement of stem cells or osteogenic factors other than BMP-2, which is released in a controlled manner by elastase-mediated cleavage from the ELR backbone.
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Implantes Absorvíveis , Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 2 , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Matriz Extracelular/química , Fêmur , Hidrogéis , Oligopeptídeos , Animais , Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 2/química , Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 2/farmacologia , Elastina/química , Elastina/farmacologia , Feminino , Fêmur/lesões , Fêmur/metabolismo , Fêmur/patologia , Humanos , Hidrogéis/química , Hidrogéis/farmacologia , Oligopeptídeos/química , Oligopeptídeos/farmacologia , Domínios Proteicos , CoelhosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: For the treatment of renal tumors, minimally invasive nephron-sparing surgery has become increasingly performed due to proven efficiency and excellent functional and oncological outcomes. The introduction of robotics into urologic laparoscopic surgery has allowed surgeons to perform challenging procedures in a reliable and reproducible manner. We present our surgical technique for robotic assisted partial nephrectomy (RPN) using a 3-arm approach, including a sliding-clip renorrhaphy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our RPN technique is presented which describes the trocar positioning, hilar dissection, tumor identification using intraoperative ultrasound for margin determination, selective vascular clamping, tumor resection, and reconstruction using a sliding-clip technique. CONCLUSION: RPN using a sliding-clip renorrhaphy is a valid and reproducible surgical technique that reduces the challenge of the procedure by taking advantage of the enhanced visualization and control afforded by the robot. The renorrhaphy described is performed under complete control of the console surgeon, and has demonstrated a reduction in the warm ischemia times in our series.
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Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Nefrectomia/métodos , Robótica/métodos , Técnicas de Sutura , Humanos , Ilustração Médica , Nefrectomia/instrumentação , Robótica/instrumentação , Técnicas de Sutura/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: For the treatment of renal tumors, minimally invasive nephron-sparing surgery has become increasingly performed due to proven efficiency and excellent functional and oncological outcomes. The introduction of robotics into urologic laparoscopic surgery has allowed surgeons to perform challenging procedures in a reliable and reproducible manner. We present our surgical technique for robotic assisted partial nephrectomy (RPN) using a 3-arm approach, including a sliding-clip renorrhaphy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Our RPN technique is presented which describes the trocar positioning, hilar dissection, tumor identification using intraoperative ultrasound for margin determination, selective vascular clamping, tumor resection, and reconstruction using a sliding-clip technique. CONCLUSION: RPN using a sliding-clip renorrhaphy is a valid and reproducible surgical technique that reduces the challenge of the procedure by taking advantage of the enhanced visualization and control afforded by the robot. The renorrhaphy described is performed under complete control of the console surgeon, and has demonstrated a reduction in the warm ischemia times in our series.
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Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Nefrectomia/métodos , Robótica/métodos , Técnicas de Sutura , Ilustração Médica , Nefrectomia/instrumentação , Robótica/instrumentação , Técnicas de Sutura/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
Introducción: La infección por Helicobacter pylori (HP) tiene una alta prevalencia mundialmente y ha sido asociada a la presencia de úlcera duodenal, úlcera gástrica y gastritis crónica activa. Además se especula que pueda tener un papel en el desarrollo del cáncer gástrico. Hoy en día se ha definido que la terapia con tres drogas es la más eficaz para combatir al HP. Sin embargo, elevadas tasas de resistencia a algunos de los antibióticos, así como lo costosos del tratamiento, afectan su eficacia. El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar la eficacia de la combinación de tetraciclina, furazolidona y bismuto en la erradicación del HP, así como los cambios en el aptrón histológico. Material y Métodos : Se reclutó pacientes con diagnóstico de infección por HP obtenido en biopsias de antro gástrico coloreadas con hematoxilina-eosina (H-E). Se les administró el siguiente esquema terapéutico por 10 días: tetraciclina 500 mg 4 veces/día, furazolidona 100 mg 4 veces/día y subcitrato de bismuto coloidal 120 mg 4 veces/día. Se indicó a los pacientes que volvieran para su control 6 a 8 semanas luego de iniciado el tratamiento. En la visita de control se realizó una endoscopía en la que se tomó un promedio de tres biopsias de antro gástrico. Las biopsias fueron coloreadas con H-E y leídas por patólogos experimentados. Tanto en la biopsia previa al tratamiento como en la de control se evaluó los siguientes parámetros: presencia y densidad del HP; presencia, profundidad y grado de la gastritis crónica (infiltrado linfoplasmocitario (LMN)); presencia y grado de la actividad inflamatoria (infiltrado de polimorfonucleares (PMN)); presencia de atrofia glandular; presencia, grado y extensión del daño mucinoso; presencia de metaplasia intestinal y presencia de folículos linfoides. Resultados : Cincuenta y nueve pacientes, 30 hombres y 29 mujeres, completaron el estudio. La edad media fue de 43 ñ 18 años (rango de 14 a 73). En 54 de los 59 pacientes se erradicó la infección por HP (91.5 por ciento) (p<0.001). Las biopsias de control mostraron una mejoría estadísticamente significativa en los siguientes parámetros: presencia y densidad del HP (p<0.001); presencia, profundidad y grado de la gastritis crónica (p<0.001); presencia y grado de la actividad inflamatoria (p<0.001); presencia, grado y extensión del daño mucinoso (p<0.001); y presencia de folículos linfoides (p<0.001)...
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Bismuto , Furazolidona , Helicobacter pylori , Tetraciclina , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is very prevalent worldwide, and has been associated with the presence of duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer and chronic active gastritis. It is also speculated that HP may have a role in gastric cancer development. Triple drug schemes have been shown to be the most effective approach to erradicate HP infection. Nevetheless, high rates of resistance against some antibiotics as well as high costs affect the effectiveness of these therapies. The goal of the present study is to assess the effectiveness of the combination of tetracycline, furazolidone and bismuth in erradicating HP, as well as the changes in the histology.METHODS: Patients with diagnosis of HP infection, found in their antral gastric biopsies (hematoxylin and eosin staining (H-E)), were included. They received the following scheme for 10 days: tetracycline 500 mg qid., furazolidone 100 mg qid., and colloidal bismuth subcitrate 120 mg qid. Patients were instructed to come back for follow-up 6 to 8 weeks after starting the therapy. At that time a control upper endoscopy was performed and 3 antral biopsies were taken. Biopsies were stained with H-E and read by experienced pathologists. In both, the biopsy before treatment and the control biopsy, the following parameters were looked for: presence and density of HP; presence, depth and grade of chronic gastritis (lymphoplasmocytic infiltrate); presence and grade of inflammatory activity (polymorphonuclear inflitrate); presence of glandular atrophy; presence, grade (partial or total) and extent (focal or multifocal) of mucinous damage (epithelial damage); presence of intestinal metaplasia; and presence of lymphoid follicles.RESULTS: Fifty-nine patients (30 men and 29 women) completed per protocol. Mean age was 43 +/- 18 (range: 14-73). HP erradication was achieved in 54 patients (91.5%). Control biopsies showed improvement in the following parameters: presence and density of HP (p<0.001); presence, depth and grade of chronic gastritis (p<0.001); presence and grade of inflammatory activity (p<0.001); presence, grade and extent of mucinous damage (p<0.001); and presence of lymphoid follicles (p<0.001). Neither the presence of glandular atrophy nor the presence of intestinal metaplasia showed any significant change. Patients who did not erradicate HP showed no significant difference in any of the parameters.CONCLUSIONS: The triple drug scheme including tetracycline, furazolidone and bismuth is effective in HP erradication. Erradication of HP is followed by an improvement in the following histologic parameters: presence, depth and grade of chronic gastritis (LMN infiltrate); presence and grade of inflammatory activity (PMN infiltrate); presence, grade and extent of mucinous damage; and presence of lymphoid follicles. This scheme is a cost-effective alternative for the therapy of HP infection in low income populations with a high prevalence of infection with this bacteria.
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Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Melanoma , Neoplasias Esofágicas , Neoplasias GástricasRESUMO
La infección por Helicobacter pylori, representa un importante factor causal en el desarrollo de la úlcera péptica duodenal, en vista de lo cual se han desarrollado diversos esquemas terapéuticos encaminados a la eficaz erradicación del microorganismo. OBJETIVO: Evaluar en pacientes portadores de úlcera péptica duodenal, el efecto de un esquema acortado de doble terapia antibiótica asociado a famotidina, sobre la erradicación del Helicobacter pylori, así como sobre la cicatrización de la lesión ulcerosa y los cambios histológicos tras el tratamiento. MATERIAL y METODOS: Se incluyeron a 40 pacientes portadores de úlcera duodenal e infección por Helicobacter pylori, y se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en dos grupos, el grupo I recibió tetraciclina 2 gr./día más furazolidona 400 mg./día por una semana; y famotidina 40 mg./día por 4 semanas. El grupo II recibió sólo famotidina 40 mg./día por 6 semanas. En la endoscopía inicial se tomaron 4 biopsias del antro gástrico para estudio histológico y determinación de Helicobacter pylori. La endoscopía se repitió entre 6 a 8 semanas de iniciado el tratamiento antibiótico, momento en que de nuevo se tomaron 4 biopsias a nivel del antro gástrico con el mismo propósito, y se compararon los resultados. RESULTADOS: Veintiocho pacientes completaron el estudio, 14 del grupo I y 14 del grupo II. Se logró erradicar el Helicobacter pylori en el 85,7 por ciento de pacientes del grupo I, y en 0 por ciento del grupo II(p=0.00002). Se consiguió cicatrización de la úlcera en el 100 por ciento de pacientes del grupo I, en comparación al 85,7 por ciento del grupo II (p=0,48). El grado histológico de gastritis tras el tratamiento, mejoró significativamente en los pacientes del grupo I, en relación a los parámetros histológicos de severidad (p =0,002), actividad (p = 0.00002) y presencia de folículos linfoides (p =0.02). No se observó modificación significativa de los mismos parámetros en los pacientes del grupo II...
As Helicobacter pylori infection represents a very important causal factor in the development of duodenal peptic ulcer, several therapeutic trials have been developed in order to obtain an efficient eradication of the microorganismo. The aim of our study has been to evaluate, in patients with duodenal peptic ulcer, the effect of double antibiotic short therapy associated to famotidine on the eradication of Helicobacter pylori, cicatrizationof ulcerous lesion and the histological changes after the treatment.Forty patients with duodenal ulcer and Helicobacter pylori infection were distributed at random in two groups (I and II).Group I received tetracycline 2 gr per day plus furazolidone 400 mg per day for a week, and famotidine 40 mg per day for four weeks. Group II received just famotidine 40 mg per day for six weeks. At the initial endoscopy,four biopsies were taken from the gastric antrum for histological study and determination of Helicobacter pylori. The endoscopy was repeated between 6 and 8 weeks after the beginning of the antibiotic treatment, when four biopsies were taken again from the gastric antrum with the same purpose, and the results were compared. Twenty-eight patients completed the study, 14 in group I and 14 in group II. Helicobacterpylori eradication was obtained in 85,7 per cent of patients in group I and 0 per cent in group II (p=0.00002). Ulcer cicatrization was obtained in 100 per cent of patients of group I comparedto 85,7per cent of patients of group II(p=0.48)...
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Furazolidona/uso terapêutico , Helicobacter pylori , Tetraciclina/uso terapêutico , Úlcera Péptica/terapiaRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, entre agosto de 1994 y mayo de 1995, en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, con el objetivo de evaluar las características clínicas, demográficas, evolutivas y diagnóstico endoscópico de pacientes con hemorragia digestiva. Ingresaron 100 pacientes, 86 correspondieron a hemorragia digestiva alta y 14 a hemorragia baja. En el primer grupo la edad media fue de 45.24 años (rango de 10 a 93), con una relación masculino/femenino de 3.5 a 1. Se presentó melena y hematemesis en 56.9 por ciento y sólo melena en 26.7 por ciento. Un 46.5 por ciento de los pacientes acudieron con historia de días de sangrado (2.07 días), con un rango de 1 a 8 días. El antecedente de consumo de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos en las 48 horas previas a la hemorragia estuvo presente en 19:7 por ciento y un porcentaje similar había consumido bebidas alcohólicas en dichoperíodo. Un 36 por ciento tenía antecedente de hemorragia digestiva previa. Las causas más frecuentes de hemorragia digestiva alta fueron úlcera duodenal en 38.3 por ciento , lesiones agudas de mucosa gástrica (gastritis erosiva) en 20.9 por ciento, úlceragástrica en 11.6 por ciento, várices esofágicas en 5.8 por ciento, síndrome de Mallory Weiss en 4.6por ciento.adenocarcinoma gástrico 2.3 por ciento, gastropatía por prolapso 2.3 por ciento, esofagitis 2.3 por ciento, úlceraen esófago 1.1 por ciento, duodenitis 1.1 por ciento y malformación arteriovenosa 1.1 por ciento. No se precisó la causa de la hemorragia en 8 por ciento. La endoscopía permitió determinar la causa delsangrado en 91.7 por ciento y en 66 por ciento de los casos se realizó dentro de las primeras 24 horas del ingreso. En 20.9por ciento coexistieron dos o más lesiones potencialmente sangrantes.9.1por ciento resangraron durante la hospitalización y un 11.6 por ciento de los pacientes fue intervenido quirúrgicamente. Siete pacientes (8.13 por ciento)fueron sometidos a terapia endoscópica: ...
A prospective study was performed to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics, clinical outcome and to determine the cause of bleeding in patients admitted to the Cayetano Heredia National Hospital with the diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding. Between August 1994 and May 1995, 100 patients were admitted , 86 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and 14 with lower gastrointestinal bleeding. The meanage for the former was 45.25 years and the male/female ratio was 3.5/1 . The main complaints were tarry stools and haematemesis in 56.9 per cent ,and 26.7per cent only with melena. A history of non steroidal antiinflamatory drugs intake within 48 hours before thebleeding episode was obtained in 19.7 per cent and alcohol ingestion was observed in 19.7 per cent. In 36 per cent of the patients a history of a previous episode of bleeding was obtained. The major causes of bleeding were duodenal ulcer in 38.3 per cent, acute lesions of the gastric mucosa in 20.9 per cent, gastric ulcer in 11.6 per cent and esophageal varices in 5.8 per cent, Mallory Weiss syndrome in 4.6 per cent gastric carcinoma in 2.3 per cent, prolapse gastropaty 2.3 per cent, esophagitis in 2.3 per cent, esophageal ulcer 1.1 per cent, duodenitis 1.1 per cent, arteriovenus malformations in 1.1 per cent. The etiology of the hemorrhage could not be established in 8 per cent of cases. The diagnostic rate of endoscopy was 91.7 per cent. In 66 per cent of the patients the endoscopy was carried out within the 24 hours of admission. 20.9 per cent of the patients had other potential bleeding lesions. 9.1 per cent of the patients had anew episode of bleeding during hospitalization and surgery was needed in 11.6 per cent. Injectotheraphy was done in 7 (8.13 per cent) patients (4 for variceal , 2 for duodenal and 1 for gastric bleeding ). The overall mortality was 3.4 per cent. Fourteen patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding were evaluated. ...
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/epidemiologia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/terapia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Determinar los diagnósticos endoscópicos e histopatológicos de las biopsias gástricas en pacientes sometidos a endoscopía digestiva alta, la frecuencia de H. Pylori en biopsias gástricas no neoplásicas y su relación con el diagnóstico endoscópico e histopatológico. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo de 435 endoscopías realizadas en la Clínica Médica Cayetano Heredia entre 1º de setiembre de 1993 y el 31 de enero de 1996. Se realizó la relectura de 104 láminas por un mismo examinador, para estandarizar los informes finales de anatomía patológica. Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 44.41 años, el 47.36 por ciento varones y el 52.64 por ciento, mujeres. La gastritis fue el diagnóstico endoscópico mas frecuente (56.78 por ciento). Asimismo, gastritis fue el diagnóstico histológico más frecuente (91.05 por ciento), de las cuales fueron gastritis activas 91.9 por ciento, con daño mucinoso 98.8 por ciento y con metaplasia intestinal 22.5 por ciento. En el 48.97 por ciento de la población estudiada se realizó biopsia endoscópica. La frecuencia de H. pylori en mucosa gástrica no neoplasica fue de 78.69 por ciento, y se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la presencia de H. pylori y hallazgos histológico de gastritis, actividad de la gastritis, presencia de daño mucinoso y el diagnóstico endoscópico de úlcera gástrica.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Biópsia , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Helicobacter pylori , Metaplasia , Gastrite Atrófica/diagnóstico , Mucosa Gástrica , PeruRESUMO
A prospective study was performed to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics, clinical outcome and to determine the cause of bleeding in patients admitted to the Cayetano Heredia National Hospital with the diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding. Between August 1994 and May 1995, 100 patients were admitted, 86 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and 14 with lower gastrointestinal bleeding. The mean age for the former was 45,25 years and the male/female ratio was 3.5/1. The main complaints were tarry stools and haematemesis in 56,9% and 26,7% only with melena. A history of non steroidal antiinflamatory drugs intake within 48 hours before the bleeding episode was obtained in 19,7% and alcohol ingestion was observed in 19,7%. In 36% of the patients a history of a previous episode of bleeding was obtained. The major causes of bleeding were duodenal ulcer in 38,3%, acute lesions of the gastric mucosa in 20,9%, gastric ulcer in 11,6% and esophageal varices in 5,8%, Mallory Weiss syndrome in 4,6%, gastric carcinoma in 2,3%, prolapse gastropaty 2,3%, esophagitis in 2,3%, esophageal ulcer 1,1 %, duodenitis 1,1%, arteriovenus malformations in 1,1%. The etiology of the hemorrhage could not be established in 8% of cases. The diagnostic rate of endoscopy was 91,7%.In 66% of the patients the endoscopy was carried out within the 24 hours of admission 20,9% of the patients had other potential bleeding lesions 9,1% of the patients had a new episode of bleeding during hospitalization and surgery was needed in 11,6%. Injectotheraphy was done in 7 (8,13%) patients (4 for variceal 2 for duodenal and 1 for gastric bleeding ) The overall mortality was 3,4% Fourteen patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding were evaluated. The mean age was 53,14 years and the male/female ratio was 1.6/1. The main complaint was hematochezia. The major causes of bleeding were hemorrhoidal disease in 64,2% and rectal cancer in 14,28%.
RESUMO
As Helicobacter pylori infection represents a very important causal factor in the development of duodenal peptic ulcer, several therapeutic trials have been developed in order to obtain an efficient eradication of the microorganism. The aim of our study has been to evaluate, in patients with duodenal peptic ulcer, the effect of double antibiotic short therapy associated to famotidine on the eradication of Helicobacter pylori, cicatrization of ulcerous lesion and the histological changes after the treatment. Forty patients with duodenal ulcer and Helicobacter pylori infection were distributed al random in two groups (I and II). Group I received tetracycline 2 gr per day plus furazolidone 400 mg per day for a week, and famotidine 40 mg per day for four weeks. Group II received just famotidine 40 mg per day for six weeks. Al the initial endoscopy, four biopsies were taken from the gastric antrurn for histological study and determination of Helicobacter pylori. The endoscopy was repeated between 6 and 8 weeks after the beginning of the antibiotic treatment, when four biopsies were taken again from the gastric antrum with the same purpose, and the results were compared. Twenty-eight patients completed the study, 14 in group I and 14 in group II. Helicobacter pylori eradication was obtained in 85,7% of patients in group I and 0% in group II (p=0.00002). Ulcer cicatrization was obtained in 100% of patients of group I compared to 85,7% of patients of group II (p=0.48). The histological degree of gastritis significantly diminished after the treatment in patients of Group I, in relation to the histological parameters of severity (p=0,002), activity (p=0,00002) and presence of lymphoid follicles (p=0.02). These changes were not significantly observed in group II. Two patients of group I had mild sideeffects (14,3%), and none of them was observed in group II (p=0.48). We concluded that the treatment used (tetracycline + furazolidone) was highly efficacious in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori, as well as in the cicatrization, reduction of antral gastric mucous inflammation, and a low rate of side-effects.
RESUMO
En la práctica médica es frecuente encontrar patología extrahepática a la que se asocian manifestaciones de hepatitis que ha recibido diferentes denominaciones, siendo las más usual hepatitis reactiva o reaccional inespecífica, que no obstante no es aceptada por todos. Como ejemplo se presentan 20 casos atendidos en el Hospital Cayetano Heredia, señalándose los hallazgos clínicos, de laboratorio y anátomo-patólogicos. Se establece que el cuadro clínico predomina la enfermedad de fondo, presentándose en algún momento fiebre, coluria, ictericia y hepatomegalia ligeramente dolorosa. Se encuentra hiperbilirrubinemia que no excede de 3 a 4 mg/dl a predominio de la conjugada; elevación de las transaminasas que no suelen pasar de 250-300 UI/dl y fosfatasa alcalina elevada en 2 a 3 veces lo normal. La biopsia hepática realizada en todos los casos está caracterizada por cambios inflamatorios inespecíficos: injuria o necrosis focal leve, infiltración celular de tipo portal y en algunos dilatación sinusoidal o cambios mínimos a nivel de los colangiolos. Se plantea que las alteraciones se producen por la susceptibilidad hepática a un conjunto de posibles factores tóxicos, metabólicas, circulatorios, inmunológicos y otros aún no conocidos.El pronóstico y tratamiento se relacionan con la enfermedad de fondo, evitando los hepatotóxicos
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hepatite/diagnóstico , Hepatite/etiologia , Hepatite/sangue , Infecções Urinárias/complicações , Colecistite/complicações , Sepse/complicações , Febre de Causa Desconhecida/complicaçõesRESUMO
Se estudió la prevalencia de bacteriuria asintomática en una población geriátrica compuesta de 195 personas cuyas edades fluctuaban entre 60 y 107 años, con una edad promedio de 78 años. En 16 de las 195 personas de documentó bacteriuria asintomática (8.2%). En 13 casos se aisló E. Coli (81%) y en el resto Klepsiella sp. (19%). La presencia de leucocituria en personas con bacteriuria asintomática es de 68% en nuestro estudio y es significativamente mayor que la escontrada en personas sin bacteriuria (6%) (p<0.05). No se obtuvo asociación significativa entre antecedentes de infección del tracto urinario, disminución de fuerza del chorro urinario, frecuencia de actividad sexual, incontinencia urinaria y presencia o no de bacteriuria asintomática. En este estudio, bacteriuria sólo estuvo asociada significativamente a leucocituria, sugiriendo que el examen de sedimento urinario serviría como medio de despistaje barato y sencillo para descubrir a los pacientes con bacteriruria asintomática en poblaciones numerosas