RESUMO

To examine the association between levels of physical fitness, parameters of body composition and phase angle (PhA) amongst adolescents. A total of 152 adolescents (84 girls) aged 11-16 years were included in this study. Weight and height were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) provided resistance and reactance parameters to calculate fat-free mass (FFM), PhA and fat mass (%FM). The following physical fitness variables were analysed: flexibility, abdominal muscular endurance, upper and lower limb explosive strength, agility, speed and cardiorespiratory fitness. Generalized Linear Models were applied to verify differences across sexes. Stepwise linear regression was used to establish an association between the variables studied. The study established an association between PhA and weight, FFM, BMI, FM, %FM and medicine ball throw (MBT) for girls. As for the boys, an association was verified between PhA and weight, FFM, BMI, standing long jump (SLJ), MBT and the three allometric VO2peak variables analyzed. An association was found between PhA and the boys' 4-m shuttle run test (4SRT) and 20-m sprint test (20SRT). Boys showed a greater phase angle than girls; In girls, BMI and %FM, were determinant of 32.4% (r = 0.57). PhA variability which is influenced by physical fitness, body composition and, therefore, the tissues electrical conductivity. Furthermore, boys' height, FFM, upper limb strength, and agility account for 58.4% (r = 0.76) PhA variability. There was a positive correlation between the physical fitness tests and the PhA.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumen: Introducción: las conductas agresivas como el bullying o acoso escolar (AE) en la población no son un hecho aislado y afecta gravemente la salud socioemocional de quienes lo padecen. Objetivo: el presente estudio tuvo por objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones existentes sobre educación física (EF) y actividad física (AF). Materiales y métodos: se diseñó una investigación orientada con base en metodología PRISMA. La búsqueda de la información se desarrolló en cuatro bases de datos WOS, PUBMED, SCIELO y ELSEIVER entre los años 2015 al 2020. Resultados: un total de 53 artículos fueron encontrados, luego de analizados por los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, 18 estudios fueron considerados para su análisis. España, Brasil y Colombia concentran una mayor cantidad de publicaciones con gran variabilidad del tamaño de la muestra tanto para damas como varones principalmente, durante la adolescencia. Los conceptos más utilizados fueron bullying, victimización, violencia escolar, ciberacoso, autoestima dentro del contexto de EF y AF. Conclusión: se destaca la necesidad de visibiliza el problema en la EF y AF, por su impacto en materia de salud física, emocional y aprendizaje motriz.

Abstract: Introduction: aggressive behaviors such as bullying or School Bullying (SB) in the population are not an isolated event and seriously affect the socio-emotional health of those who suffer it. Objective: the aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review of existing publications on Physical Education (PE) and Physical Activity (PA). Materials and methods: a research was designed based on PRISMA methodology. The search for information was developed in four databases WOS, PUBMED, SCIELO and ELSEIVER between the years 2015 to 2020. Results: A total of 53 articles were found, after being analyzed by inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 studies were considered for analysis. Spain, Brazil and Colombia concentrate a greater number of publications with great variability of sample size for both females and males mainly during adolescence. The most used concepts were Bullying; Victimization, School Violence, Cyberbullying, Cyberbullying, Self-esteem within the context of PE and PA. Conclusion: the need to make the problem visible in PE and PA is highlighted, due to its impact on physical and emotional health and motor learning.

Resumo: Introdução: Comportamentos agressivos, como bullying ou Bullying Escolar (BE) na população, não são eventos isolados e afetam seriamente a saúde socioemocional daqueles que o sofrem. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática das publicações existentes sobre Educação Física (EF) e Atividade Física (AF). Materiais e métodos: Foi desenhada uma pesquisa baseada na metodologia PRISMA. A busca por informações foi desenvolvida em quatro bases de dados: WOS, PUBMED, SCIELO e ELSEVIER, entre os anos de 2015 a 2020. Resultados: Um total de 53 artigos foram encontrados; após serem analisados pelos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 18 estudos foram considerados para análise. Espanha, Brasil e Colômbia concentram um maior número de publicações com grande variabilidade de tamanho de amostra para ambos os sexos, principalmente durante a adolescência. Os conceitos mais utilizados foram Bullying; Vitimização, Violência Escolar, Cyberbullying, Autoestima dentro do contexto de EF e AF. Conclusão: Destaca-se a necessidade de tornar visível o problema na EF e AF, devido ao seu impacto na saúde física e emocional e na aprendizagem motora.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introduction: The use of normative values and/or standards of functional fitness in adults is relevant to overall health and well-being. The objectives of the study were: to identify the physical tests of the senior fitness test (SFT) that have been applied since its proposal and to describe the proposed percentiles according to age, sex and country. Methods: A systematic review study was conducted in the Pubmed and Scopus databases. As eligibility criteria, we considered the period from 1999 to 2022 that presented data on SFT test used in the population over 60 years of age and that described normative values through percentiles. MeSH were used as: (1) Physical fitness, Exercise test, Senior Fitness Test, Functional fitness, Cardiorespiratory fitness, (2) older adult, aged, (3) Reference standards, standards, standards of care. Boolean operators "AND" and "OR" were included. Data extracted from the selected studies included: year of publication, country, sample age, sample size, sample sex, fitness component. Results and discussion: Seven studies were identified in five countries (03 in China, 01 in Poland, 01 in Portugal, 01 in Spain and 01 in United States). The age range ranged from 60 to 103 years. The studies were conducted in both sexes. The study with the smallest sample size was by Chung et al. (China) with 944 participants and the largest number of participants was the study by Rikli and Jones in the United States with 7,183 participants. In general, no study was able to complete 100% (8 components) of the tests proposed in the SFT. Normative values were presented through percentile distribution (p10, p50 and p90) organized by age ranges. Males presented better performance in FPF tests than females in all tests. Since the first publication of the SFT until 2022, seven articles have been published in countries such as United States, China (three regional studies), Poland, Portugal and Spain. No study has published the complete battery with its eight components. The percentiles of functional fitness reflect decline with advancing age. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO (CRD42023441294: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023441294).

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract Objectives: The aim was to estimate the pubertal growth height of children and adolescents living in a high-altitude region of Peru using the Preece-Baines model 1 (1 PB). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in schoolchildren from the department of Puno (Peru) between 3841 and 3874 masl. The age range was between 4 and 17 years. Standing height was evaluated. 1 PB was used to infer the mathematical and biological parameters of stature. Results: Mathematical parameters estimated by the 1 PB model reflected small residual standard error (RSE) values in both sexes (0.25 in boys and 0.27 in girls). In boys, the age at which peak velocity was reached (APHV) was estimated at 13.21 ± 0.33years. While in girls it was 9.96 ± 0.26years (p < 0.05). In general, girls reached APHV (y) 3.25 years earlier than boys. On the other hand, the growth velocity of maximum height [APHV (cm/y)] of boys was higher (6.33 ± 6.06 cm/y) relative to girls (6.06 ± 0.32 cm/y). Estimated final adult height (EFAH) in boys was reached at 166.020 ± 0.99 cm and height at maximum growth velocity (HPHV) was 153.07 ± 0.67 cm, while in girls they were significantly lower (EFAH; 153.74 ± 0.44 cm and HPHV: 139.73 ± 0.84 cm). Conclusions: This study showed that girls living in Puno at a high altitude in Peru reached APHV 3 years earlier than boys and at the same time reflected slower PHV. These results suggest that pubertal growth at high altitudes is slower in both sexes and especially in girls. Thus, modeling physical growth may be an important step in understanding the onset of puberty at different latitudes.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Fat Free Mass (FFM) is an important and essential indicator in various sports populations, since greater muscle and bone mass generates greater strength, endurance and speed in athletes. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to validate Body Surface Area (BSA) as an anthropometric indicator to estimate FFM in young basketball players. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 105 male basketball players of the Brazilian Basketball Confederation of Sao Paulo (Campinas), Brazil. The age range was 11 to 15 years. Weight and height were evaluated. BSA, body mass index (BMI) and maturity status (MS) were calculated. Total body scanning was performed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The components were extracted: Fat mass (FM), Fat free mass (FFM), percentage of fat mass (%FM) and bone mass (BM). The data were analyzed using the correlation coefficient of concordance (CCC) in terms of precision and accuracy. RESULTS: Three regression equations were generated: equation 1 had age and body weight as predictors [FFM= -30.059+(2.926*age)+(0.625*Weight)] (R2 = 92%, precision = 0.96 and accuracy = 0.99), equation 2 used age and BSA [FFM=-45.719+(1.934*age)+(39.388*BSA)] (R2 = 94%, precision = 0.97 and accuracy = 0.99) and equation 3 was based on APHV and BSA [FFM=-15.284+(1.765*APHV)+(37.610*(BSA)] (R2 = 94%, precision = 0.96 and accuracy = 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest the use of anthropometric equation using decimal age and BSA to estimate FFM in young basketball players. This new method developed can be used to design, evaluate and control training programs and monitor the weight status of athletes.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness is important because it allows the identification of subgroups with poor health status and the targeting of effective intervention strategies to improve health. OBJECTIVE: To compare the cardiorespiratory capacity of children and adolescents living in a moderate altitude region of Peru with international studies and to develop reference values for the 6-min walk test (6MWT) according to age and sex. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive cross-sectional study of schoolchildren from a region of moderate altitude in Peru was carried out. A total of 704 schoolchildren (400 males and 304 females) with an age range of 6 to 17 years were studied. Weight, standing height, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI) and tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) were evaluated. The 6MWT was assessed in a straight line over a distance of 30 m. Percentiles were created through the LMS method [L (skewness: lambda), M (median: mu) and S (coefficient of variation: Mu)]. RESULTS: There were discrepancies in cardiorespiratory fitness performance with international studies by age and sex. The schoolchildren in the study reached stability and the highest number of meters in the last two age ranges (14 to 15 years: 698.1 m and 16 to 17 years 686.3 m in males). While females (14 to 15 years: 698.1 m and 16 to 17 years: 686.3 m). The proposed percentile values show ascending values as age advances. The cut-off points adopted are: low cardiorespiratory fitness < p25, moderate p25 to p75 and high cardiorespiratory fitness p > 75. CONCLUSION: We verified that the cardiorespiratory fitness evaluated by means of the 6MWT is ascending with the course of age. Even the performance with other countries is heterogeneous at early and middle ages, stabilizing during adolescence. The proposed reference values can be used to evaluate and monitor cardiorespiratory fitness during physical education classes.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to estimate the pubertal growth height of children and adolescents living in a high-altitude region of Peru using the Preece-Baines model 1 (1 PB). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in schoolchildren from the department of Puno (Peru) between 3841 and 3874 masl. The age range was between 4 and 17 years. Standing height was evaluated. 1 PB was used to infer the mathematical and biological parameters of stature. RESULTS: Mathematical parameters estimated by the 1 PB model reflected small residual standard error (RSE) values in both sexes (0.25 in boys and 0.27 in girls). In boys, the age at which peak velocity was reached (APHV) was estimated at 13.21 ± 0.33years. While in girls it was 9.96 ± 0.26years (p < 0.05). In general, girls reached APHV (y) 3.25 years earlier than boys. On the other hand, the growth velocity of maximum height [APHV (cm/y)] of boys was higher (6.33 ± 6.06 cm/y) relative to girls (6.06 ± 0.32 cm/y). Estimated final adult height (EFAH) in boys was reached at 166.020 ± 0.99 cm and height at maximum growth velocity (HPHV) was 153.07 ± 0.67 cm, while in girls they were significantly lower (EFAH; 153.74 ± 0.44 cm and HPHV: 139.73 ± 0.84 cm). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that girls living in Puno at a high altitude in Peru reached APHV 3 years earlier than boys and at the same time reflected slower PHV. These results suggest that pubertal growth at high altitudes is slower in both sexes and especially in girls. Thus, modeling physical growth may be an important step in understanding the onset of puberty at different latitudes.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objective: a) to verify whether body composition and physical fitness should be analyzed by chronological age and/or maturity stage in young Brazilian soccer players and b) to propose reference values for the evaluation of body composition and physical fitness by maturity stage in elite soccer players. Methods: A descriptive-correlational study was carried out in 206 young Brazilian soccer players (11-16 years old). The sample selection was non-probabilistic by convenience. Weight and standing height were evaluated. Body composition (BC) was assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). BC indicators [(percent fat (%F), Fat-free mass (FFM), Fat mass (FM) and Bone mass (BM)] were extracted. For physical fitness (PF), we applied the Flexibility (cm) sit and reach tests, explosive strength tests [Counter Movement Jump CMJ (cm) and horizontal jump HJ (cm)], speed [Speed 10, 20, 30 and 40 m (seconds)] and Yo-Yo endurance level I test. Percentiles were constructed for BC and PF using the LMS method [L (Lambda; skewness), M (Mu; median) and S (Sigma; coefficient of variation)]. Results: The explanatory power between chronological age (CA) with BC was: FM (R2 = 0.03%), FFM (R 2 = 0.66%) and BM (R 2 = 0.62%), while between maturity status (MS) with BC were: FM (R 2 = 0.04%), FFM (R 2 = 0.71%) and BM (R 2 = 0.66). The explanatory power between the CA with the physical fitness tests ranged from: (R 2 = 0.22-0.62%). While between MS with physical fitness the values ranged from: (R 2 = 0.23-0.64%). Percentiles per MS (P3, P5, P10, P15, P25, P50, P75, P85, P90, P95 and P97) were proposed for both BC and PF. Conclusion: The results of the study have shown that the evaluation of BC and PF of young soccer players should be performed by controlling for MS rather than for CA. The inclusion of a non-invasive method to control MS by means of percentiles during puberty may contribute to the development of retention and exclusion of young soccer players, thus, they may have a better chance of achieving sporting success.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Happiness is a positive component of mental well-being. In young university students, it is linked to ideals in many areas, such as physical health, mental health, harmonious inter-personal relationships, academic performance, and professional success. The aim of the study was to compare the happiness of university students from a state and private university according to professional areas and age range. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study with selected 312 university students was conducted. The age range was from 17 to 32 years. The two professional areas surveyed were health sciences and engineering. Happiness was measured using a scale with 11 questions and four dimensions [1: Positive sense of life (three questions), 2: Satisfaction with life (three questions), 3: Personal fulfilment (two questions), and 4: Joy of living (three questions)]. The normality of the data was verified. Differences between sexes, areas, universities and ages were verified by t-test for independent samples. Differences between age ranges were verified by Anova. RESULTS: This study showed that there were no differences in happiness between EU and UP students when compared by gender, professional area, and age ranges. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that during the period of university studies, happiness values remain stable in both types of universities.

RESUMO

(1) Background: Regular physical activity has multiple benefits. Therefore, school recess is a key tool to provide opportunities for schoolchildren to engage in extracurricular physical activity, have fun, play and interact with their peers. The aim is to provide reference data to quantify the number of steps that children and adolescents perform in a school recess using smart bands according to age range and sex. (2) Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 494 schoolchildren aged 6 to 17 years (292 males and 202 females). Weight, standing height and waist circumference (WC) were evaluated. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The quantification of the number of steps during school recess was performed using a smart band. (3) Results: Percentiles were constructed for the number of steps (number of steps/recess). The cut-off points considered were p75 (above average). The median values in both sexes decreased as the age range increased. Youth who walked fewer steps during recess (

RESUMO

Abstract Objectives: The objective of the study was to verify whether (FFM), maturity status (MS) and chronological age (CA) are determinants of physical fitness performance, and to analyze FFM and physical performance aligned by CA and MS in children and adolescents. Methods: A descriptive correlational study was carried out in 863 schoolchildren. Weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) were evaluated. Body mass index (BMI), FFM, fat mass (FM), MS (Age at peak height velocity, APHV) were calculated. The physical tests of velocity 20 m, agility 5 m × 10rep, and horizontal jump (HJ) were evaluated. Results: The APHV was estimated in boys at 14.0 ± 0.36APHV and in girls at 11.96 ± 0.49APHV. The relationships between CA and APHV with FFM was r = 0.80 in boys and r = 0.44 to 0.45 in girls. The relationships between FFM and physical tests in boys were [HJ (r = 0.70), agility 5m × 10rep (r = -0.68), velocity (r = -0.61)] and in girls [HJ (r = 0.42), agility 5m × 10rep (r = -0.52), velocity (r = -0.20)]. The differences in FFM and physical fitness tests were more pronounced when aligned by APHV than by CA. Conclusion: It was verified that both FFM, CA, and APHV are determinants of physical fitness performance. In addition, the APHV should be introduced in physical education as a means of ranking physical performance among schoolchildren.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to verify whether (FFM), maturity status (MS) and chronological age (CA) are determinants of physical fitness performance, and to analyze FFM and physical performance aligned by CA and MS in children and adolescents. METHODS: A descriptive correlational study was carried out in 863 schoolchildren. Weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) were evaluated. Body mass index (BMI), FFM, fat mass (FM), MS (Age at peak height velocity, APHV) were calculated. The physical tests of velocity 20 m, agility 5 m x 10rep, and horizontal jump (HJ) were evaluated. RESULTS: The APHV was estimated in boys at 14.0 ± 0.36APHV and in girls at 11.96 ± 0.49APHV. The relationships between CA and APHV with FFM was r = 0.80 in boys and r = 0.44 to 0.45 in girls. The relationships between FFM and physical tests in boys were [HJ (r = 0.70), agility 5m x 10rep (r = -0.68), velocity (r = -0.61)] and in girls [HJ (r = 0.42), agility 5m x 10rep (r = -0.52), velocity (r = -0.20)]. The differences in FFM and physical fitness tests were more pronounced when aligned by APHV than by CA. CONCLUSION: It was verified that both FFM, CA, and APHV are determinants of physical fitness performance. In addition, the APHV should be introduced in physical education as a means of ranking physical performance among schoolchildren.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumen El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo comparar los parámetros antropométricos y de composición corporal en futbolistas profesionales en cinco temporadas. Se efectuó un estudio transversal (comparativo). Se estudió a 120 futbolistas, donde cada cohorte por año se evaluó a 24 futbolistas. El rango de edad fue de 18 a 37 años. Se evaluó a los futbolistas al inicio de cada temporada en los años 2012 a 2016: Se midió el peso, la estatura, seis pliegues cutáneos (Tríceps, subescapular, supra-iliaco, abdominal, muslo y pantorrilla). Se calculó el Índice de Masa corporal IMC, % de grasa, la masa grasa y masa libre de grasa MLG. El tejido adiposo se agrupó en tres grupos (brazo: (tricpes+subescapular, tronco: suprailiaco+abdominal, Piernas: muslo+pantorrilla). Hubo diferencias en el peso corporal, la estatura, la sumatoria de los 6 pliegues y la MLG a lo largo de los 5 años. [año 2012 (Peso: 76,6±7.8kg, estatura: 177.6±5.7cm, Pliegues: 58.7±12.8mm, MLG: 64.5±6.3mm), año 2013: (Peso: 77.8±6.4kg, Estatura: 178,4±4.4, Pliegues: 60.1±15.9mm, MLG:66.3±3.5mm), año 2014: (Peso: 74.9±5.7kg, Estatura: 177.0±5.8cm, Pliegues: 54.4±14.7mm, MLG: 64.5±4.5kg), año 2015: (Peso: 74.1±6.8kg, Estatura: 176.1±5.5cm, Pliegues: 54.9±15.6mm, MLG: 63.8±4.6kg), año 2016: (Peso: 72.7±kg, Estatura: 175.3±6.9kg, Pliegues: 50.8±12.mm, MLG: 62.8±5.9kg)]. Este estudio verificó que el perfil antropométrico y el tejido adiposo de los futbolistas fueron disminuyendo en cada temporada, mientras que la MLG reflejó similares valores en cada uno de las cohortes evaluadas.

Abstract The present cross-sectional (comparative) study aimed to compare the anthropometric and body composition parameters in professional soccer players over five seasons. It was conducted on 120 soccer players grouped in a cohort of 24 subjects per year. The age range was 18 to 37 years. The footballers were evaluated at the beginning of each season from 2012 to 2016; weight, height, six skin folds (triceps, subscapularis, supra-iliac, abdominal, thigh, and calf) were evaluated from 2012 to 2015. The Body Mass Index (BMI), fat percentage, fat mass, and FFM were calculated. The adipose tissue was grouped into three groups: arm (triceps + subscapular), trunk (supra iliac + abdominal), and legs (thigh + calf). Body weight, height, the sum of the 6 folds, and the MLG varied during the 5 years. For 2012 the results were the following: Weight, 76.6 ± 7.8kg; Height, 177.6 ± 5.7cm; Folds, 58.7 ± 12.8mm; MLG, 64.5 ± 6.3mm). In 2013, these were the results: Weight, 77.8 ± 6.4kg; Height, 178, 4 ± 4.4; Folds, 60.1 ± 15.9mm; MLG, 66.3 ± 3.5mm). These were the measures obtained in 2014: Weight, 74.9 ± 5.7kg; Height, 177.0 ± 5.8cm; Folds, 54.4 ± 14.7mm; MLG, 64.5 ± 4.5kg ). And these were of the year 2015: Weight, 74.1 ± 6.8kg; Height, 176.1 ± 5.5cm; Folds, 54.9 ± 15.6mm; MLG, 63.8 ± 4.6kg). Finally, in 2016 these were the measures collected: Weight, 72.7 ± kg; Height, 175.3 ± 6.9 kg; Folds, 50.8 ± 12.mm; MLG, 62.8 ± 5.9kg. This study verified that the soccer players' anthropometric profile and adipose tissue decreased each season, while the MLG reflected similar values in each of the evaluated cohorts.

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar os parâmetros antropométricos e de composição corporal em jogadores profissionais de futebol durante cinco temporadas. Foi realizado um estudo transversal (comparativo). Foi estudado um total de 120 jogadores de futebol, onde cada coorte por ano foram avaliados 24 jogadores. A faixa etária era de 18 a 37 anos. Os futebolistas foram avaliados no início de cada temporada, nos anos de 2012 a 2016. Foram medidas altura, peso, seis dobras da pele (tríceps, subescapular, supra ilíaca, abdominal, coxa e calcanhar). Foram calculados índice de massa corporal IMC, % de gordura, massa de gordura e massa livre de gordura MLG. O tecido adiposo foi agrupado em três grupos (braço: tríceps + subescapular, tronco: suprailíaco + abdominal, pernas: coxa + calcanhar). Houve diferenças no peso corporal, na altura, a soma de 6 dobras e a MLG ao longo dos 5 anos: ano 2012 (Peso: 76,6±7,8kg, Altura: 177,6±5,7cm, Dobras: 58,7±12,8mm, GLM: 64,5±6,3mm), ano 2013 (Peso: 77,8±6,4kg, Altura: 178,4±4,4, Dobras: 60,1±15,9mm, GLM:66,3±3.5mm), ano 2014 (Peso: 74,9±5,7kg, Altura: 177,0±5,8cm, Dobras: 54,4±14,7mm, GLM: 64,5±4,5kg), ano 2015 (Peso: 74,1±6,8kg, Altura: 176,1±5,5cm, Dobras: 54,9±15,6mm, GLM: 63,8±4,6kg), ano 2016 (Peso: 72,7±kg, Altura: 175,3±6,9kg, Dobras: 50,8±12,mm, GLM: 62,8±5,9kg). Este estudo verificou que o perfil antropométrico e o tecido adiposo dos jogadores de futebol diminuíram em cada temporada, enquanto que a MLG refletiu valores similares em cada um dos coortes avaliados.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Context-specific information, including differences in geographical areas, such as distinct altitudes, can be important to explain variations in physical growth. We aimed to compare the estimation of maximum growth velocity and pubertal growth-spurt parameters of children and adolescents living at low and moderate altitudes in Colombia. A cross-sectional study, including a representative cohort of 30.305 (51% boys) children and adolescents aged 1−18 years from Colombia, was performed. The heights were measured with standardized techniques. The Preece−Baines growth model was used to estimate the mathematical and biological parameters of the height-growth velocities and growth spurts for both sexes. The altitudes were categorized as low (18 to 564 m above sea level) or moderate (2420 to 2640 m above sea level). There were no differences in final height (h1), peak height velocity size (hθ), age at peak height velocity (APHV), or peak height velocity PHV (cm/y) between the subjects living in both altitudes (p > 0.05). The APHV was estimated at 12.75 ± 0.75 years in the boys and at 10.05 ± 0.65 years in the girls. The girls reached the APVH 2.70 years earlier than the boys. Regarding the PHV, the boys reached higher growth velocity, which was 6.85 ± 0.55 cm/y. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in final height, peak height, APHV, or PHV between the children and adolescents living at distinct altitudes in Colombia. The PHV occurred approximately 3 years earlier in the girls than in the boys. Furthermore, the girls' estimated PHV, APHV, and final height were lower than those of the boys. This study allows additional insight into pubertal growth-spurt parameters and also provides a valuable reference database for the assessment of Colombian children and adolescents.

RESUMO

Introduction: Introduction: studying the percentage of body fat (%BF) in children and adolescents is very relevant, since a high level of body fat in childhood and adolescence represents overweight and obesity. Objective: to identify the anthropometric indicators related to %BF and to validate regression equations to predict %BF in children and adolescents using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference method. Methods: a descriptive study (cross-sectional) was designed in 1126 schoolchildren (588 males and 538 females) from the Maule region (Chile). The age range ranged from 6.0 to 17.9 years. Weight, height, two skinfolds (tricipital and subscapular and waist circumference (WC) were evaluated. Body mass index (BMI), triponderal mass index (TMI), waist height index (WHtR) were calculated. Body fat percentage (%BF) was assessed by DXA scanning. Results: the relationships between Σ (Tricipital + Subscapular), TMI and WHtR with %BF (DXA) ranged from R2 = 52 % to 54 % in men, and from R2 = 41 % to 49 % in women. The equations generated for men were: %BF = 9.775 + [(0.415 * (Tr + SE)] + (35.084 * WHtR) - (0.828 * age), R2 = 70 %, and %BF = 20.720 + [(0.492 * (Tr + SE)] + (0.354 * TMI) - (0.923 * age), R2 = 68 %], and for women: %BF = 8.608 + [(0.291 * (Tr + SE)] + (38.893 * WHtR) - (0.176 * age), R2 = 60 %, and %BF = 16.087 + [(0.306 * (Tr + SE)] + (0.818 * TMI) - (0.300 * age), R2 = 59 %. Conclusion: this study showed that the sum of tricipital and subscapular skinfolds, IP and WHtR are adequate predictors of %BF. These indicators allowed the development of two regression equations acceptable in terms of precision and accuracy to predict %BF in children and adolescents of both sexes.

Introducción: Introducción: estudiar el porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) en niños y adolescentes es muy relevante, puesto que un elevado nivel de grasa corporal en la infancia y la adolescencia representa sobrepeso y obesidad. Objetivo: identificar los indicadores antropométricos que se relacionan con el %GC y validar ecuaciones de regresión para predecir el %GC de niños y adolescentes a partir del uso de la absorciometría de rayos X de doble energía (DXA) como método de referencia. Métodos: se diseñó un estudio descriptivo (transversal) en 1126 escolares (588 hombres y 538 mujeres) de la región del Maule (Chile). El rango de edad oscila desde los 6,0 hasta los 17,9 años. Se evaluaron el peso, la estatura, dos pliegues cutáneos (tricipital y subescapular) y la circunferencia de la cintura (CC). Se calcularon el índice de masa corporal (IMC), el índice ponderal (IP) y el índice cintura-estatura (ICE). Se evaluó el porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) por medio del escaneo DXA. Resultados: las relaciones entre Σ (Tricipital + Subescapular), IP e ICE con el %GC (DXA) fueron de R2 = 52-54 % en hombres y R2 = 41-49 % en mujeres. Las ecuaciones generadas para los hombres fueron: %GC = 9,775 + [(0,415 * (Tr + SE)] + (35,084 * ICE) - (0,828 * edad), R2 = 70 %, y %GC = 20,720 + [(0,492 * (Tr + SE)] + (0,354 * IP) - (0,923 * edad), R2 = 68 %; y para mujeres: %GC = 8,608 + [(0,291 * (Tr + SE)] + (38,893 * ICE) - (0,176 * edad), R2 = 60 %, y %GC = 16,087 + [(0,306 * (Tr + SE)] + (0,818 * IP) - (0,300 * edad), R2 = 59 %. Conclusión: este estudio demostró que la sumatoria de los pliegues cutáneos tricipital y subescapular, el IP y el ICE son adecuados predictores del %GC. Estos indicadores permitieron desarrollar dos ecuaciones de regresión aceptables en términos de precisión y exactitud para predecir el %GC en niños y adolescentes de ambos sexos.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The relationship between the Body Mass Index (BMI) with physical fitness in children and adolescent populations from diverse regions are consistent. However, the relationship between the Ponderal Index (PI) with physical fitness, based on what is known to date, has not been examined in depth. The objective was to evaluate the relationships between BMI and PI with three physical fitness tests of students living at moderate altitudes in Peru. METHODS: A descriptive correlational study was carried out with 385 adolescents, between the ages of 10.0 to 15.9 years old, from the province of Arequipa, Peru. Weight, height, and three physical fitness tests (horizontal jump, agility, and abdominal muscle resistance) were evaluated. BMI and PI were calculated, and they were, then, categorized into three strata (low, normal, and excessive weight). Specific regressions were calculated for sex, using a non-lineal quadratic model for each item adjusted for BMI and PI. RESULTS: The relationship between BMI and PI with the physical tests reflected parabolic curves that varied in both sexes. The regression values for BMI in males oscillated between R2 = 0.029 and 0.073 and for females between R2 = 0.008 and 0.091. For PI, for males, it varied from R2 = 0.044 to 0.82 and for females, from R2 = 0.011 to 0.103. No differences occurred between the three nutritional categories for BMI as well as for PI for both sexes (p range between 0.18 to 0.38), as well as for low weight (BMI vs PI), normal weight (BMI vs PI), and excessive weight (BMI vs PI) (p range between 0.35 to 0.64). CONCLUSIONS: BMI showed inferior quadratic regressions with respect to the PI. In addition, physical performance was slightly unfavorable when it was analyzed by BMI. PI could be a useful tool for analyzing and predicting physical fitness for adolescents living at a moderate altitude since it corrects for the notable differences for weight between adolescents.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To verify whether triponderal mass index (TMI) has a greater accuracy than body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as predictors of obesity in young people and older adults in a region of Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in 1176 adults (565 men and 611 women) from the Maule region (Chile). Their ages ranged from 20 to 80 years. The percentage of fat mass (%FM) was evaluated by means of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were evaluated. TMI, BMI and WHtR were calculated. RESULTS: The %FM predictions for BMI were 0.47% for men and 0.50% for women; for TMI, it was 0.50% for men and 0.51% for women; for WC, it was 0.28% for men and 0.21% for women; and finally, for WHtR, it was 0.28% in men and 0.21% in women. The area under the curve (AUC) for BMI was 0.85 in men and 0.85 in women; for TMI, it was 0.87 in men and 0.86 in women; for WHtR, it was 0.76 in men and 0.72 in women; and for WC, the AUC was 0.72 in men and 0.71 in women. CONCLUSION: It was shown that TMI is the indicator that presented the greatest association with %FM and estimates body fat levels with greater precision than BMI, WC and WHtR. The results suggest its use and application as an indicator that discriminates obesity in young, middle-aged and elderly adults.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background and Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MS) has many risk factors that are important to investigate in populations living at sea level and in high-altitude geographic regions. The aim was to identify the components of MS that cross-sectional studies use to assess in adult populations residing in high-altitude regions. Materials and Methods: A systematic review study was conducted. The Pubmed database was used. The search for original articles (cross-sectional) was performed from January 2013 to December 2020. The procedure was carried out by two researchers. The keywords used were metabolic syndrome, adults, and altitude regions. The search strategy considered the components of the PICOS tool. Results: Ten cross-sectional studies were identified in the Pubmed database from 2014 to 2020. Altitude levels varied between countries and regions, from 2060 to 4900 m above sea level. Three studies were conducted in both China and Peru, two studies in Ecuador, and one in Bolivia and India. The age ranges studied were from 18 to ~80 years of age, approximately. The components used to assess MS in most studies (between 9 to 10 studies) were body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and serum glucose (SG). Conclusions: This systematic review verified that the most commonly used domains in adult populations in various moderate- and high-altitude regions of the world are BMI, WC, BP, TG, HDL, and SG. These results suggest that in order to evaluate and/or investigate MS in subjects residing in high-altitude populations, at least four diagnostic domains should be considered in their protocols.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: The assessment of bone health throughout the life cycle is essential to determine fracture risk. The objectives of the work were (a) compare bone mineral density and content with international references from the United States, (b) determine maximum bone mass, (c) propose references for bone health measurements from ages 5 to 80 years old. Methods: Research was carried out on 5,416 subjects. Weight and height were measured. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. The total body was scanned using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Information was extracted from the bone health measures (bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC)) for both sexes, according to pediatric and adult software. Results and Discussion: Differences were identified between the mean values of Chilean and American men for BMD (~0.03 to 0.11 g/cm2) and BMC (~0.15 to 0.46 g). Chilean females showed average values for BMD similar to the US references (~-0.01 to 0.02 g/cm2). At the same time, they were relatively higher for BMC (~0.07 to 0.33 g). The cubic polynomial regression model reflected a relationship between BMD and BMC with chronological age in both sexes. For males, R2 was higher (R2 = 0.72 and 0.75) than for females (R2 = 0.59 and 0.66). The estimate of maximum bone mass (MBM) for males emerged at 30 years old (1.45 ± 0.18 g/cm2 of BMD and 3.57 ± 0.60 g of BMC) and for females at age 28 (1.22 ± 0.13 g/cm2 of BMD and 2.57 ± 0.44 g of BMC). The LMS technique was used to generate smoothed percentiles for BMD and BMC by age and sex. Results showed that maximum bone mass occurred in females at age 28 and in males at 30. Reference values obtained from this research may be used to evaluate bone health, diagnose bone fragility and osteoporosis in individuals and regional population groups.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Currently, there is a growing need to assess social skills in young university students since the use and application of these scales can provide benefits in different situations, such as work, education, clinical and psychological. The objective of the study was to verify the validity and reliability of a social skills scale (SS) for students from three professional health sciences programs in Chile. This information will provide understanding and development of SS among health care team members and between them and patients. A cross-sectional study was designed with 185 Chilean university students (141 males and 44 females). Students were recruited voluntarily from a private university in Chile. Ages ranged from 18 to 30 years old. Goldstein's SS scale (consisting of six dimensions with a total of 50 questions) was used. It was administered virtually. Validity was verified by means of confirmatory factor analysis and reliability through internal consistency. The factor structure of the model confirmed the 50 questions and six dimensions of the scale. In general, the model reflected satisfactory values. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin's (KMO) test for the adequacy (suitability) of the sample was 0.834, chi squared X2= 4344.8 (gl= 1425, p< 0.000). The comparative fit index (CFI) was 0.45, goodness of fit index (GFI) was 0.56, the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.091, and the % of variance 54%. The communalities reflected values from 0.31 to 0.76. In addition, Cronbach's Alpha values varied from 0.72 to 0.75. In its totality, the scale demonstrated a reliability of 0.75. The SS scale is valid and reliable. It can be used with students from nursing, kinesiology, and speech therapy programs. The results suggest the use and application of the scale with professionals working in higher education.