RESUMO

This study aims to evaluate the effects of increasing tannin levels from Mimosa tenuiflora hay on the intake, digestibility, and balance of nitrogen (N), water, and energy in hair lambs. Thirty-two Santa Ines lambs, at an average age of 150 days and body weight of 26.75 ± 2.29 kg, were randomly assigned to four treatments in a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of four diets: a control diet, tannin-free, and three diets with increasing levels of total tannin, 26.2, 52.4, and 78.6 g tannin/kg dry matter (DM). Including the total tannins in the lambs' diet led to a quadratic increase in the intake of nutrients, N-retention (g/day), water intake, water absorption and retention, energy intake, and energy excretion in feces and gases. However, the digestibility of crude protein, neutral and acid detergent fibers, and total carbohydrates decreased. It was observed that there is a correlation between the variable nutrient digestibility and N-ingested and the N-absorbed, N-urinary, and N-retained. However, the N-excreted in feces did not correlate with any of the variables studied. It is recommended to include 33 g/kg DM of total natural tannins from Mimosa tenuiflora hay in the diet of hair lambs, as it improves intake, energy balance, dietary N, and body water composition while reducing the excretion of N-urinary and gas emissions to the environment.

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to evaluate the carcass traits of crossbred F1 goats (Boer x non-descript breed) finished on thinned caatinga pasture enriched with signal grass (Urochloa trichopus Stapf.), and receiving supplementation. Twenty-four crossbred F1 goats with 27.00 ± 3.32 kg body weight were used. The supplement was designed to meet the nutritional requirements and animals receiving the highest supplementation level could gain 150g per day. For data analysis, a completely randomized design was adopted, with four treatments (supplementation levels of 0.0%; 0.5%; 1.0% and 1.5% body weight) and six replications (animals). Data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression. Supplementation resulted in an increasing linear effect for slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, empty body weight, hot carcass yield and cold carcass yield; and a quadratic effect for biological yield. Weight loss by cooling was not influenced by supplementation. For the results of subjective evaluations, only conformation was influenced by supplementation (P<0.05). For morphometry, a positive linear effect of supplementation was found for thorax perimeter, croup perimeter, croup width, thorax width. The level of supplementation caused a positive linear effect on the weight of most non-edible carcass components, and there was no influence of supplementation on most variables for yield. It can be concluded that increasing levels of supplementation up to 1.5% body weight for F1 goats (Boer x non-descript breed) kept on caatinga pasture results in higher carcass weight and yield.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar as características de carcaça de caprinos mestiços F1 (Bôer x sem padrão de raça definida) terminados em pastagem de caatinga raleada e enriquecida com capim corrente (Urochloa trichopus Stapf.), submetidos a suplementação. Foram utilizados 24 caprinos mestiços com peso vivo 27,00 ± 3,32 kg. O suplemento foi elaborado de modo a atender as exigências nutricionais para que os animais do maior nível de suplementação obtivessem um ganho de 150 g diário. Para a análise dos dados foi adotado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (níveis de suplementação de 0,0%; 0,5%; 1,0% e 1,5% do peso vivo) e seis repetições (animais). Os dados foram submetidos a análises de variância e de regressão. Observou-se que a suplementação proporcionou efeito linear crescente para o peso ao abate, peso de carcaça quente, peso de carcaça fria, peso de corpo vazio, rendimento de carcaça quente e rendimento de carcaça fria; efeito quadrático para o rendimento biológico. A perda de peso por resfriamento não sofreu influência da suplementação. Para os resultados das avaliações subjetivas apenas a conformação sofreu influência da suplementação (P<0,05). Para a morfometria observou-se efeito linear positivo da suplementação para o perímetro do tórax, perímetro da garupa, largura da garupa, largura do tórax. O nível de suplementação proporcionou efeito linear e positivo sobre o peso da maioria dos não componentes comestíveis da carcaça, sendo que para o rendimento não foi observado influência da suplementação para a maioria das variáveis. Conclui-se que o uso crescente de suplementação até o nível de 1,5% do peso vivo para caprinos F1 (Boer x sem padrão de raça definida) mantidos em pastagem de caatinga resulta em maiores pesos e rendimentos de carcaças.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

To compare the fatty acid (FA) composition, and chemical and tissue composition of meat, 24 uncastrated males, 12 sheep of the Santa Inês breed, and 12 crossbred goats (F1 Boer × undefined breed) with the weight of 24.3 ± 2.38 kg. The animals were distributed in a randomized block design and treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design, two small ruminant species/breed (Boer crossbreed goat × Santa Inês breed sheep), and two supplementation strategies (energy × protein energy). There was not an interaction between the small ruminant species and the supplementation on average daily gain, tissue composition, chemical composition, or FA profile of the longissimus lumborum muscle. Sheep presented greater weight and yield of fat in the subcutaneous, intermuscular, and total depots than goats, which results in better finishing of the sheep for slaughter. Goat meat presented a lower lipid concentration than sheep meat. The protein-energy supplementation increased oleic acid, ΣUFA, ΣMUFA, hypocholesterolemic/ Hypercholesterolemic index, and enzymatic activity Δ9-desaturase C18 and decreased SFA capric acid in the muscle when compared with energetic supplementation. In Caatinga biome conditions, Boer crossbreed goats meat has a lower concentration of lipids and a healthier FA composition compared with Santa Inês breed sheep because it has a lower SFA and greater PUFA content, which are sources of n-3 and n-6, which may contribute to the reduction of blood cholesterol (LDL). In addition, protein-energy supplementation also improved the quality of animal fat compared with supplementation only with the energetic concentrate, regardless of species.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Melanoma is an alteration of melanocytes, cells responsible for skin pigmentation, which allows for unregulated growth, although there is no confirmation about predispositions to this pathology, skin species and white hairs are considered most affected, being especially common in Tordilla colored horses. Although there is a benign form, the case can develop becoming malignant and metastatic in an unpredictable way, and may suffer influence with the advancing age of the horse, with great chances of the tumor becoming aggressive, having high mortality rates, because there is still no effective treatment to combat nodule growth. The aim of the present study was to report a case of melanoma in an equine, female, gray coat, Mangalarga Marchador breed, belonging to Fazenda Escola, Faculty of Nursing Nova Esperança, as well as it possible implications for the reproductive system. In the clinical examination, nodular skin lesions were observed, with firm and painless consistency, located in the regions of the vulva, large lips, oral vestibular of the upper lip and, with the use of vaginoscopy, it was also possible to observe nodules in the vaginal vestibule. Based on these clinical findings, the presumptive diagnosis was melanoma. For a better prognosis, early identification is essential, considering that the later it is done, the greater the possibility of metastasis, reaching subcutaneous regions, cavities and internal organs, compromising physiological functions and being responsible to vaginal obstructions, injuries and decreased fertility, causing great damage to equine reproduction.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Melanoma is an alteration of melanocytes, cells responsible for skin pigmentation, which allows for unregulated growth, although there is no confirmation about predispositions to this pathology, skin species and white hairs are considered most affected, being especially common in Tordilla colored horses. Although there is a benign form, the case can develop becoming malignant and metastatic in an unpredictable way, and may suffer influence with the advancing age of the horse, with great chances of the tumor becoming aggressive, having high mortality rates, because there is still no effective treatment to combat nodule growth. The aim of the present study was to report a case of melanoma in an equine, female, gray coat, Mangalarga Marchador breed, belonging to Fazenda Escola, Faculty of Nursing Nova Esperança, as well as it possible implications for the reproductive system. In the clinical examination, nodular skin lesions were observed, with firm and painless consistency, located in the regions of the vulva, large lips, oral vestibular of the upper lip and, with the use of vaginoscopy, it was also possible to observe nodules in the vaginal vestibule. Based on these clinical findings, the presumptive diagnosis was melanoma. For a better prognosis, early identification is essential, considering that the later it is done, the greater the possibility of metastasis, reaching subcutaneous regions, cavities and internal organs, compromising physiological functions and being responsible to vaginal obstructions, injuries and decreased fertility, causing great damage to equine reproduction.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Foram avaliadas a musculosidade e a adiposidade da carcaça de diferentes genótipos caprinos e ovinos em pastejo na Caatinga. Foram utilizados 40 animais machos, não castrados, com idade média de 120 dias e peso vivo inicial médio de 18,76 kg, sendo 10 caprinos SPRD, 10 mestiços Boer (½ Boer x ½ SPDR), 10 ovinos SPRD e 10 mestiços Dorper (½ Dorper x ½ SPRD). Os mestiços Dorper apresentaram maiores médias para área de olho de lombo, índice de musculosidade da perna, conformação e peso total dos músculos da perna quando comparados aos caprinos SPRD. Não houve diferença significativa para a textura da carne entre os genótipos. A cor da carne foi mais escura para os genótipos caprinos do que para os genótipos ovinos. Os aspectos quantitativos da adiposidade da carcaça, gordura renal, gordura inguinal, gordura subcutânea da perna e gordura total da perna nos genótipos ovinos superaram os observados nos genótipos caprinos. O acabamento da carcaça e o índice de compacidade da perna foram melhores para os mestiços Dorper. A espécie ovina obteve melhores aspectos de musculosidade e adiposidade que os caprinos, indicando que estes animais possuem maior desenvolvimento dos tecidos muscular e adiposo, conferindo-lhes maior aptidão na produção de carne.

Carcass muscularity and adiposity of different goat and sheep genotypes grazing in the Caatinga rangeland were evaluated. A total of 40 uncastrated males, with an initial average age and body weight of 120 days and 18.76 kg, respectively, were used: 10 mixed breed goats (MB), 10 cross Boer goats (½ Boer x ½ MB), 10 MB sheep and 10 cross Dorper sheep (½ Dorper x ½ MB). The cross Dorper had higher mean scores for rib eye area, leg muscularity index, weight of total muscles of the leg and conformation compared to MB goats. There was no significant difference between genotypes for the meat texture. Meat color was darker for goat genotypes than for sheep genotypes. The quantitative aspects of carcass adiposity, renal fat, inguinal fat, and subcutaneous and total leg fat showed to be higher for sheep than for goat genotypes. Carcass finishing and leg compactness index were superior for the cross Dorper genotype. Carcass muscularity and adiposity were better in sheep than in goat genotypes, indicating that sheep have a greater muscle and fat tissue development, giving to them a greater potential for beef production.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Foram avaliadas a musculosidade e a adiposidade da carcaça de diferentes genótipos caprinos e ovinos em pastejo na Caatinga. Foram utilizados 40 animais machos, não castrados, com idade média de 120 dias e peso vivo inicial médio de 18,76 kg, sendo 10 caprinos SPRD, 10 mestiços Boer (½ Boer x ½ SPDR), 10 ovinos SPRD e 10 mestiços Dorper (½ Dorper x ½ SPRD). Os mestiços Dorper apresentaram maiores médias para área de olho de lombo, índice de musculosidade da perna, conformação e peso total dos músculos da perna quando comparados aos caprinos SPRD. Não houve diferença significativa para a textura da carne entre os genótipos. A cor da carne foi mais escura para os genótipos caprinos do que para os genótipos ovinos. Os aspectos quantitativos da adiposidade da carcaça, gordura renal, gordura inguinal, gordura subcutânea da perna e gordura total da perna nos genótipos ovinos superaram os observados nos genótipos caprinos. O acabamento da carcaça e o índice de compacidade da perna foram melhores para os mestiços Dorper. A espécie ovina obteve melhores aspectos de musculosidade e adiposidade que os caprinos, indicando que estes animais possuem maior desenvolvimento dos tecidos muscular e adiposo, conferindo-lhes maior aptidão na produção de carne.(AU)

Carcass muscularity and adiposity of different goat and sheep genotypes grazing in the Caatinga rangeland were evaluated. A total of 40 uncastrated males, with an initial average age and body weight of 120 days and 18.76 kg, respectively, were used: 10 mixed breed goats (MB), 10 cross Boer goats (½ Boer x ½ MB), 10 MB sheep and 10 cross Dorper sheep (½ Dorper x ½ MB). The cross Dorper had higher mean scores for rib eye area, leg muscularity index, weight of total muscles of the leg and conformation compared to MB goats. There was no significant difference between genotypes for the meat texture. Meat color was darker for goat genotypes than for sheep genotypes. The quantitative aspects of carcass adiposity, renal fat, inguinal fat, and subcutaneous and total leg fat showed to be higher for sheep than for goat genotypes. Carcass finishing and leg compactness index were superior for the cross Dorper genotype. Carcass muscularity and adiposity were better in sheep than in goat genotypes, indicating that sheep have a greater muscle and fat tissue development, giving to them a greater potential for beef production.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objectives of this study were to quantify the apparent digestibility of the diet components and the performance of lambs consuming increasing levels of the balanced (weight) mixture of Opuntia ficus indica bran and Mimosa tenuiflora leaves and fine branches hay substituting 0, 33 and 67% of Pennisetum purpureum hay, in a 60% roughage fodder to 40% concentrate diet formulated to a daily live body weight gain of 150 g/animal. Experiment was carried out at UFCG facilities, in Patos-PB, using 18 non-emasculated lambs with (20.4±1.16) kg (mean weight±SE). Dry matter, OM, CP, EE and total carbohydrates CD were affected by the levels of the mixture (P<0.05) according to a second degree model, with minimum CD values between 34 and 52% of P. purpureum hay replacement. Neutral detergent fiber and ADF CD decreased linearly (P<0.05), and those for CE and NFC were not affected (P>0.05). The inclusion of the mixture affected linear and positively the daily mean body weight gain (120, 149 and 170 g/animal, respectively for 0, 33 and 67% P. purpureum hay replacement levels), and DM, OM, CP, TCH and NFC consumptions. The balanced mixture of Opuntia ficus indica bran and Mimosa tenuiflora hay can replace up to 67% of the roughage fodder fraction (P. purpureum) of Santa Inês lamb diet and improve the daily body weight gain by 50 g/animal.(AU)

Os objetivos deste estudo foram quantificar a digestibilidade aparente dos componentes da dieta e o desempenho de cordeiros alimentados com níveis crescentes de uma mistura balanceada (peso) de farelo de Opuntia ficus indicae e feno de Mimosa tenuiflora em substituição a 0, 33 e 67% do feno Pennisetum purpureum, em uma dieta com 60% de volumoso e 40% de concentrado, formulada para um ganho de peso diário de 150 g/animal. O experimento foi conduzido na UFCG, Patos-PB, usando 18 cordeiros inteiros com (20,4±1,16) kg (peso médio±EP). O CD da MS, MO, PB, EE e dos carboidratos totais foram afetados pelos níveis da mistura (P<0,05) de acordo com um modelo quadrático, com mínimo valor de CD entre 34 e 52% de substituição do feno de P. purpureum. A digestibilidade da FDN e da FDA decresceu linearmente (P<0,05), e as da EB e dos carboidratos não fibrosos não foram afetadas (P>0,05). A inclusão da mistura afetou linear e positivamente o ganho de peso médio diário (120, 149 e 170g/animal, respectivamente para 0, 33 e 67% de substituição do feno de P. purpureum), e o consumo de MS, MO, PB, carboidratos totais e não fibrosos. A mistura balanceada do farelo de Opuntia fícus indica e do feno de Mimosa tenuiflora pode substituir até 67% da fração volumosa (P. purpureum) da dieta de cordeiros Santa Inês e melhorar o ganho de peso médio diário em 50g/animal.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objectives of this study were to quantify the apparent digestibility of the diet components and the performance of lambs consuming increasing levels of the balanced (weight) mixture of Opuntia ficus indica bran and Mimosa tenuiflora leaves and fine branches hay substituting 0, 33 and 67% of Pennisetum purpureum hay, in a 60% roughage fodder to 40% concentrate diet formulated to a daily live body weight gain of 150 g/animal. Experiment was carried out at UFCG facilities, in Patos-PB, using 18 non-emasculated lambs with (20.4±1.16) kg (mean weight±SE). Dry matter, OM, CP, EE and total carbohydrates CD were affected by the levels of the mixture (P0.05). The inclusion of the mixture affected linear and positively the daily mean body weight gain (120, 149 and 170 g/animal, respectively for 0, 33 and 67% P. purpureum hay replacement levels), and DM, OM, CP, TCH and NFC consumptions. The balanced mixture of Opuntia ficus indica bran and Mimosa tenuiflora hay can replace up to 67% of the roughage fodder fraction (P. purpureum) of Santa Inês lamb diet and improve the daily body weight gain by 50 g/animal.

Os objetivos deste estudo foram quantificar a digestibilidade aparente dos componentes da dieta e o desempenho de cordeiros alimentados com níveis crescentes de uma mistura balanceada (peso) de farelo de Opuntia ficus indicae e feno de Mimosa tenuiflora em substituição a 0, 33 e 67% do feno Pennisetum purpureum, em uma dieta com 60% de volumoso e 40% de concentrado, formulada para um ganho de peso diário de 150 g/animal. O experimento foi conduzido na UFCG, Patos-PB, usando 18 cordeiros inteiros com (20,4±1,16) kg (peso médio±EP). O CD da MS, MO, PB, EE e dos carboidratos totais foram afetados pelos níveis da mistura (P0,05). A inclusão da mistura afetou linear e positivamente o ganho de peso médio diário (120, 149 e 170g/animal, respectivamente para 0, 33 e 67% de substituição do feno de P. purpureum), e o consumo de MS, MO, PB, carboidratos totais e não fibrosos. A mistura balanceada do farelo de Opuntia fícus indica e do feno de Mimosa tenuiflora pode substituir até 67% da fração volumosa (P. purpureum) da dieta de cordeiros Santa Inês e melhorar o ganho de peso médio diário em 50g/animal.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A carne é uma rica fonte de nutrientes, por isso susceptível ao processo de deterioração, sendo fundamentais procedimentos de conservação e armazenamento. Diante disto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade microbiológica da carne bovina (chã de dentro) comercializada em 12 estabelecimentos no município de Patos-PB, fazendo-se a contagem de coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes, com identificação de Escherichia coli, assim como a pesquisa de Salmonella sp e Staphylococcus aureus. Visto a importância da carne e dos micro-organismos que podem afetá-la, a carne comercializada em Patos, diante das análises realizadas e de acordo com os padrões estabelecidos pela legislação, foi considerada em média, de boa qualidade higiênica.(AU)

The meat is a rich source of nutrients, for that susceptible to the deterioration process, being fundamental conservation procedures and storage. Before this, this work had as objective evaluates the quality microbiological of the bovine meat (chã de dentro) marketed in 12 establishments in the municipal district of Patos - PB, being made thecounting of total coliforms, therm tolerant coliforms, with identification of Escherichia coli, as well as the researchof Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus. Seen the importance of the meat and of the microorganisms thatcan affect her, the meat marketed in Patos, before the accomplished analyses and in agreement with the establishedpatterns for the legislation; it was considered on average of good hygienic quality. (AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A carne é uma rica fonte de nutrientes, por isso susceptível ao processo de deterioração, sendo fundamentais procedimentos de conservação e armazenamento. Diante disto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade microbiológica da carne bovina (chã de dentro) comercializada em 12 estabelecimentos no município de Patos-PB, fazendo-se a contagem de coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes, com identificação de Escherichia coli, assim como a pesquisa de Salmonella sp e Staphylococcus aureus. Visto a importância da carne e dos micro-organismos que podem afetá-la, a carne comercializada em Patos, diante das análises realizadas e de acordo com os padrões estabelecidos pela legislação, foi considerada em média, de boa qualidade higiênica.

Assuntos