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Bodybuilding, as a high-performance sport, requires regular strength and resistance exercises with the principal objective of increasing muscle hypertrophy. However, many bodybuilders resort to the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) to improve their performance in a short period of time. This study employs a survey-type, cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical method to evaluate the profile of bodybuilding athletes in the State of Sergipe, Brazil, and verify the level of knowledge/awareness about the health risks and impacts resulting from the use of such substances. Finite- and convenience-type populations are assessed, including individuals of both sexes, aged older than 18 years, self-declared bodybuilding athletes residing in the State of Sergipe, Brazil, and participating in regional and/or state competitions. As a result, no significant relationships were determined between sex (p = 0.492), age (p = 0.460), family income (p = 0.141), and medical follow-up sessions. For the variables level of education and medical follow-up vs. no follow-up sessions, a significant result was achieved (p = 0.01), with 74.3% of individuals reporting having follow-up treatment and 25.7% responding that they had no follow-up treatment, a percentage representing the group that completed their higher education. The substances most used by the athletes were Sustanon 250 or Durateston, Nandrolone Decanoate (Deca or Deca-Durabolin), and Testosterone. The most-reported acute side effects were acne at 33.8% (n = 20), irritability at 32.1% (n = 19), alopecia (hair loss), and nervousness at 23.7% (n = 14). The most-reported chronic side effects were arterial hypertension at 36.0% (n = 9), liver disease at 28.0% (n = 7), and cancer (non-specific) at 8.0% (n = 2). We concluded that, regardless of the athletes' socioeconomic profiles, the use of AASs was high, with two or more substances being used in combination and for a prolonged period. Thus, it is necessary to promote awareness campaigns regarding the use of AASs and their effects on high-performance and recreational athletes.
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Background: The objective this study was to evaluate the influence of preventive remineralizing techniques on surface roughness and volume loss of dentin submitted to erosive and/or abrasive challenges. Material and Methods: One hundred and eighty specimens of bovine root dentin were made; half of each was isolated (without treatment - WT) and half was subjected to the following remineralizing techniques: fluoride varnish (FV); Regenerate Boosting Serum® (RBS); Er,Cr:YSGG laser (L); fluoride varnish+laser (FV+L); Regenerate Boosting Serum®+laser (RBS+L). The specimens were submitted to erosive, abrasive and erosive followed by abrasive challenge. Erosion was carried out for 5 minutes, twice a day for 10 days. Abrasion was performed with an electric toothbrush and slurry solution for 60 seconds. The evaluation was performed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Analysis of variance and Tukey tests were used for surface roughness; volume loss comparison was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post-hoc (p<0.05). Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the surface roughness of the reference area in relation to the areas submitted to different types of treatment and challenges (p>0.05). Regarding volume loss, the untreated group submitted to erosive/abrasive challenges showed greater percentage of volume loss compared to the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: It is concluded that preventive remineralizing techniques are effective in maintaining dentin volume after erosive/abrasive challenges. Key words:YSGG lasers, Dentin, Erosion, Tooth Abrasion.
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This study aimed to investigate the mineral profile and histopathological findings in the liver of Leptodactylus macrosternum (white-lipped frog) and to assess the association between melanomacrophage areas and hepatic fungal granuloma with several factors such as weight, snout-cloacal length, sex, hepatosomatic index, season (dry and rainy), and condition factor K. A total of 135 frogs of different ages were collected from three areas in the city of Petrolina, Pernambuco, with varying land use (conventional agriculture, organic agriculture, and Caatinga stricto sensu). The liver of all specimens exhibited changes such as granulomatous lesions, inflammatory cell infiltrate, blood vessel congestion, and sinusoid dilation. The melanomacrophage areas were influenced by weight, snout-cloacal length, and hepatosomatic index. Our findings revealed a positive correlation between body size (weight and snout-cloacal length) and melanomacrophage/hepatic granuloma, while the hepatosomatic index showed a negative relationship. For the condition factor K, only age presents relationship. Eleven elements were quantified for the mineral profile, with aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) being the most abundant in both liver and muscle. Although the histopathological findings and mineral profile of the liver and muscle in this study indicate an effect on the health of L. macrosternum in different collection areas, confirming the relationship between environmental characteristics and these findings requires future studies. Furthermore, long-term studies would be necessary to allow the monitoring of all stages of development of these populations, from tadpoles to adults, for a better evaluation of these effects in L. macrosternum.
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Anuros , Fígado , Animais , Brasil , Fígado/patologia , Minerais , GranulomaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is frequently associated with dyslipidemia, which corresponds to the increase in the triglycerides and fatty acid concentrations in tissues, such as the skeletal muscle. Also, T2DM molecular mechanism involves increasing in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress. The use of herbal medicines such as Uncaria tomentosa (Ut) has been proposed as an auxiliary treatment for patients with T2DM. In this study, it was evaluated the effect of Ut aqueous extract on cell viability and ROS production, in skeletal myoblasts from C2C12 lineage exposed to the free fatty acid palmitate (PA). METHODS: Cells were incubated with PA in different concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000 µM, for 24 or 48 h, for cytotoxicity assay. Cell death, DNA fragmentation and ROS production assays were performed in cell cultures incubated with PA for 24 h, in the pre (preventive condition) or post treatment (therapeutic condition) with 250 µg/ml Ut aqueous extract, for 2 or 6 h. Cell death was evaluated by MTT method or flow cytometry. ROS generation was measured by fluorescence spectroscopy using the DCFDA probe. RESULTS: Cell viability was reduced to approximately 44% after the incubation with PA for 24 h from the concentration of 500 µM. In the incubation of cells with 500 µM PA and Ut extract for 6 h, in both conditions (preventive or therapeutic), it was observed an increase of 27 and 70% in cell viability respectively, in comparison to the cultures incubated with only PA. Also, the incubation of cultures with 500 µM PA, for 24 h, increased 20-fold the ROS formation, while the treatment with Ut extract, for 6 h, both in the preventive or therapeutic conditions, promoted decrease of 21 and 55%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Ut extract was efficient in promoting cell protection against PA lipotoxicity and ROS generation, potentially preventing oxidative stress in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Since T2DM molecular mechanism involves oxidative stress condition and it is often associated with dyslipidemia and fatty acid accumulation in muscle tissue, these results open perspectives for the use of Ut as an auxiliary strategy for T2DM management.
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Unha-de-Gato , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Dislipidemias , Humanos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Palmitatos/toxicidade , Palmitatos/metabolismo , Unha-de-Gato/química , Unha-de-Gato/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético , Água/químicaRESUMO
Patients affected by COVID-19 are prone to facing disorders in multiple systems and organs, which can lead to deleterious diseases; in addition, people with pre-existing diseases may be more prone to the worst outcomes, and the most vulnerable are patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of physical activity and/or physical exercise prescribed to individuals with diabetes on the maintenance of plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies were found by searching PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, SciELO, LILACS, SportDiscus, Bireme/BVS and Google Scholar databases. The inclusion criteria were articles that addressed only patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (T1D and T2D) who had evaluated the level of physical activity or physical exercise and described the effects on plasma glucose and/or glycated hemoglobin in cross-sectional, retrospective, and observational studies, meeting the main criteria established by GRADE. The PICO and GRADE strategies were used to select and assess the methodological quality of studies. Two reviewers searched and selected the articles in databases independently and blindly, during which oppositions and disagreements about the inclusion of articles were discussed and resolved by a third reviewer. Evidence corroborates that levels of physical activity were reduced due to the lockdown, leading to increased body weight and worse glycemic control. On the other hand, individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) (T1D and T2D) who maintained and/or increased levels of physical activity or physical exercise showed reduced plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Adequate levels of physical exercise and physical activity are beneficial for glucose and HbA1c control in diabetic patients (type 1 or type 2). In addition, maintaining adequate levels of physical activity can contribute to reducing health problems when these patients are infected with COVID-19.
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The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its severe form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is higher in men than in women of reproductive age, and postmenopausal women are especially susceptible to developing the disease. AIM: we evaluated if female apolipoprotein E (ApoE) KO mice were protected against Western-diet (WD)-induced NASH. METHODS: Female ovariectomized (OVX) ApoE KO mice or sham-operated (SHAM) mice were fed either a WD or a regular chow (RC) for 7 weeks. Additionally, OVX mice fed a WD were treated with either estradiol (OVX + E2) or vehicle (OVX). RESULTS: Whole-body fat, plasma glucose, and plasma insulin were increased and associated with increased glucose intolerance in OVX mice fed a WD (OVX + WD). Plasma and hepatic triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) hepatic enzymes were also increased in the plasma of OVX + WD group, which was associated with hepatic fibrosis and inflammation. Estradiol replacement in OVX mice reduced body weight, body fat, glycemia, and plasma insulin associated with reduced glucose intolerance. Treatment also reduced hepatic triglycerides, ALT, AST, hepatic fibrosis, and inflammation in OVX mice. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the hypothesis that estradiol protects OVX ApoE KO mice from NASH and glucose intolerance.
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Intolerância à Glucose , Insulinas , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Dieta , Estradiol/farmacologia , Glucose , Intolerância à Glucose/etiologia , Intolerância à Glucose/patologia , Inflamação/patologia , Fígado/patologia , Cirrose Hepática/patologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/genética , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/prevenção & controle , TriglicerídeosRESUMO
Objective: Hyperglycemia has been suggested as a risk factor for poor outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of our work was to evaluate the association between blood glucose levels at admission (BGA) and disease outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Subjects and methods: Retrospective study including all adult COVID-19 patients admitted to a Portuguese hospital from March to August 2020 with BGA measurement. Subjects were categorized into two groups: BGA < 140 mg/dL and ≥ 140 mg/dL. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSSv26® (significance defined as p < 0.05). Results: We included 202 patients: median age 74 (60-86) years; 43.1% female; 31.2% with diabetes. The median BGA was 130.5 (108-158) mg/dL. When compared to normoglycemic, patients with BGA ≥ 140 mg/dL were older (p = 0.013), more vaccinated for influenza (p = 0.025) and had more comorbidities (hypertension, heart failure and peripheral arterial disease, p < 0.05). The last group presented higher leucocyte and neutrophile count, higher procalcitonin and prothrombin time, and lower lymphocyte count. Concerning prognosis, BGA ≥ 140 mg/dL was associated with higher rates of mechanical ventilation requirement and intensive care unit admission (p < 0.001), shock (p = 0.011), in-hospital mortality (p = 0.022) and 30-day mortality (p = 0.037). Considering only non-diabetic patients (n = 139), those with hyperglycemia presented higher rates of severity indicators (polypnea, SatO2 ≤ 93% and PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300) and an association with poor outcomes was also found, namely mechanical ventilation requirement and in-hospital/30-day mortality (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Hyperglycemia at admission was associated with poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients, even in those without known pre-existing diabetes. Glycemic testing should be recommended for all COVID-19 patients.
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COVID-19 , Diabetes Mellitus , Hiperglicemia , Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Masculino , COVID-19/terapia , COVID-19/complicações , Glicemia , SARS-CoV-2 , Estudos Retrospectivos , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Hiperglicemia/complicações , HospitalizaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Barriers to accessing health care result in advanced cervical cancer. In Sao Paulo, Brazil, the Index of Social Responsibility (ISR) synthesizes the situation of each town concerning wealth, education, and longevity. This study aimed to evaluate in 645 municipalities the relation of the ISR with stage, age, and morphology in cervical cancer diagnosis. METHODS: An ecological study that used data from Sao Paulo, Brazil, from 2010 to 2017. The ISR was identified through government platforms and data on cancer through the Hospital Cancer Registry. The subjects were the 9,095 women aged 30 years or older. The ISR summarizes municipalities into five levels: dynamic (ISR5), unequal (ISR4), equitable (ISR3), in transition (ISR2), and vulnerable (ISR1). It was used the chi2 tests and logistic regression. RESULTS: The proportion of stage 1 increased significantly with ISR level, ranging from 24.9% in ISR1 to 30.0% in ISR5 (p = 0.040). To every increase in ISR level, the chance of a woman being diagnosed in stage I was at least 30% higher. Woman living where ISR2 had a 1.4 times higher chance of being diagnosed in stage 1 than those living in ISR1 (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.07-1.84). Squamous tumors frequency decreased when ISR level increased (p = 0.117). A higher proportion of women under 50 years were observed when they lived in wealthier cities (ISR4 and ISR5) (42.2% vs. 44.6%, p = 0.016). CONCLUSION: The ISR was a good health indicator for understanding and predicting the social determinants in cervical cancer diagnosis. The proportion of stage I increased significantly in more favorable social conditions.
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Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Brasil/epidemiologia , Condições Sociais , Modelos LogísticosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognosis of endocervical adenocarcinomas after reclassification according to the morphologic type based on the 2020 World Health Organization Classification. METHODS: A retrospective longitudinal study with cases admitted at the University of Campinas, Brazil, from 2013 to 2020. The sample included 140 cases morphologically reclassified: 100 cases as adenocarcinoma HPV-associated (HPVA), 17 as HPV-independent (HPVI), and 23 non-HPVA/HPVI. Clinic and pathologic variables were evaluated. Analyses were performed by χ2 , Fisher exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests, Kaplan-Meier curves, Log-rank test, and Cox regression. RESULTS: Compared with the HPVA group, advanced stage (FIGO Stage II+) was more frequent in the HPVI group (P = 0.009), which also showed older patients (P = 0.032), and a higher proportion of deaths (P = 0.006). The median overall survival (OS) differed between groups: 73.3 months in HPVA and 42.4 months in HPVI (P = 0.005). At the multivariate analysis, the risk of death was 6.7 (95% confidence interval 1.9-23.0) times higher in patients diagnosed in advanced stages. CONCLUSION: HPVI cases were more frequent in older patients, presenting at more advanced stages and with worse OS. The morphology-based approach of the new WHO classification appears to be prognostically valuable and applicable in lower- and middle-income settings.
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Adenocarcinoma , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Feminino , Humanos , Idoso , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Longitudinais , Papillomaviridae , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Papillomavirus Humano , Prognóstico , Adenocarcinoma/patologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: Hyperglycemia has been suggested as a risk factor for poor outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of our work was to evaluate the association between blood glucose levels at admission (BGA) and disease outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Subjects and methods: Retrospective study including all adult COVID-19 patients admitted to a Portuguese hospital from March to August 2020 with BGA measurement. Subjects were categorized into two groups: BGA < 140 mg/dL and ≥ 140 mg/dL. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSSv26® (significance defined as p < 0.05). Results: We included 202 patients: median age 74 (60-86) years; 43.1% female; 31.2% with diabetes. The median BGA was 130.5 (108-158) mg/dL. When compared to normoglycemic, patients with BGA ≥ 140 mg/dL were older (p = 0.013), more vaccinated for influenza (p = 0.025) and had more comorbidities (hypertension, heart failure and peripheral arterial disease, p < 0.05). The last group presented higher leucocyte and neutrophile count, higher procalcitonin and prothrombin time, and lower lymphocyte count. Concerning prognosis, BGA ≥ 140 mg/dL was associated with higher rates of mechanical ventilation requirement and intensive care unit admission (p < 0.001), shock (p = 0.011), in-hospital mortality (p = 0.022) and 30-day mortality (p = 0.037). Considering only non-diabetic patients (n = 139), those with hyperglycemia presented higher rates of severity indicators (polypnea, SatO2 ≤ 93% and PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300) and an association with poor outcomes was also found, namely mechanical ventilation requirement and in-hospital/30-day mortality (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Hyperglycemia at admission was associated with poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients, even in those without known pre-existing diabetes. Glycemic testing should be recommended for all COVID-19 patients.
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One of the consequences of the Western lifestyle and high-fat diet is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its aggressive form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is rapidly becoming the leading cause of end-stage liver disease or liver transplantation. Currently, rodent NASH models lack significant aspects of the full NASH spectrum, representing a major problem for NASH research. Therefore, this work aimed to characterize a fast rodent model with all characteristic features of NASH. Eight-week-old male ApoE KO mice were fed with Western diet (WD), high fatty diet (HFD) or normal chow (Chow) for 7 weeks. Whole-body fat was increased by ~2 times in WD mice and HFD mice and was associated with increased glucose intolerance, hepatic triglycerides, and plasma ALT and plasma AST compared with Chow mice. WD mice also showed increased galectin-3 expression compared with Chow or HFD mice and increased plasma cholesterol compared with Chow mice. WD and HFD displayed increased hepatic fibrosis and increased F4/80 expression. WD mice also displayed increased levels of plasma MCP-1. Hepatic inflammatory markers were evaluated, and WD mice showed increased levels of TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6 and IFN-γ. Taken together, these data demonstrated that the ApoE KO mouse fed with WD is a great model for NASH research, once it presents the fundamental parameters of the disease, including hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome.
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), often associated with obesity, is becoming one of the most common liver diseases worldwide. It is estimated to affect one billion individuals and may be present in approximately 25% of the population globally. NAFLD is viewed as a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, with humans and animal models presenting dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. The gut-liver axis has been considered the main pathogenesis branch for NAFLD development. Considering that foods or beverages could modulate the gastrointestinal tract, immune system, energy homeostasis regulation, and even the gut-liver axis, we conducted an exploratory study to analyze the effects of kombucha probiotic on hepatic steatosis, glucose tolerance, and hepatic enzymes involved in carbohydrate and fat metabolism using a pre-clinical model. The diet-induced obese mice presented glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, hepatic steatosis, increased collagen fiber deposition in liver vascular spaces, and upregulated TNF-alpha and SREBP-1 gene expression. Mice receiving the kombucha supplement displayed improved glucose tolerance, reduced hyperinsulinemia, decreased citrate synthase and phosphofructokinase-1 enzyme activities, downregulated G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor, also known as TGR5, and farnesol X receptor gene expression, and attenuated steatosis and hepatic collagen fiber deposition. The improvement in glucose tolerance was accompanied by the recovery of acute insulin-induced liver AKT serine phosphorylation. Thus, it is possible to conclude that this probiotic drink has a beneficial effect in reducing the metabolic alterations associated with diet-induced obesity. This probiotic beverage deserves an extension of studies to confirm or refute its potentially beneficial effects.
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Resistência à Insulina , Chá de Kombucha , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Camundongos Obesos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismo , Proteína de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol 1/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Citrato (si)-Sintase/metabolismo , Farneseno Álcool/metabolismo , Farneseno Álcool/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Fígado , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Obesidade/metabolismo , Insulina/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/metabolismo , Carboidratos/farmacologia , Serina/metabolismo , Serina/farmacologia , Fosfofrutoquinase-1/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo , Colágeno/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Dieta HiperlipídicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the outcomes of 610 excision types I and II in a referral facility as a function of transformation zone (TZ) types. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of women with cervical precursor lesions who underwent loop electrocautery excision procedure from 2017 to 2019 at the University of Campinas. The primary outcome was endocervical margin status, negative or positive. Other variables were excision type (I/II), TZ (1/2/3), age, menopausal status, hormonal contraceptives, smoking, and sexual debut. Tests used were chi-square or Fisher exact, Mann-Whitney, and simple and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The most frequent was TZ 1 (62.5%). Excision II was the most frequent: 54.1% in TZ 1, 67.2% in TZ 2, and 82.1% in TZ 3. A negative margin was observed in TZ 1, 76.0% when excision I and 86.4% when excision II ( p = .009); TZ 2, 86.4% when excision I and 88.9% when excision II ( p = .672); and TZ 3, 76.5% when excision I and 78.9% when excision II ( p = .672). Multivariate analysis revealed in TZ 1 a 2.12 (1.23-3.65) higher risk of obtaining a negative margin in excision type II. In TZ 2 and 3, none of the variables predicted the chance of a negative margin. CONCLUSIONS: The endocervical margin was negative in 3 in every 4 women who underwent loop electrocautery excision procedure, regardless of excision type. Age, menopausal status, smoking, and hormonal contraception did not predict margin status.
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Displasia do Colo do Útero , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Colo do Útero/patologia , Anticoncepcionais , Feminino , Humanos , Margens de Excisão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/cirurgia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologiaRESUMO
Obesity is mainly caused by excess energy intake and physical inactivity, and the number of overweight/obese individuals has been steadily increasing for decades. Previous studies showed that rodents fed westernized diets exhibit endocrine pancreas deterioration and a range of metabolic disorders. This study evaluated the effects of moderated aerobic treadmill exercise training on pancreatic islet cell viability and function in mice consuming a high-fat and sucrose diet. In the present study, 60-day-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: control (C), fed a standard diet AIN-93M (3.83 kcal/g; 70% carbohydrate (cornstarch and dextrinized starch were chosen as the major source of carbohydrate for the AIN-93 diet. In addition, a small amount of sucrose), 20% protein (casein), and 10% fat (soybean) with no training (i.e., sedentary); C + training (CTR, fed the standard diet with eight weeks of exercise; high-fat diet + sucrose (HFDS), fed a high fat and sucrose diet (5.2 kcal/g; 20% carbohydrate (cornstarch and dextrinized starch were chosen as the major source of carbohydrate), 20% protein (casein), 60% fat (Lard was chosen as the major source of fat and a small amount of soybean) + 20% sucrose diluted in drinking water with no training; and HFDS + training (HFDSTR). After eight weeks, the HFDS mice displayed increased body weight (P<0.001) and epididymal, inguinal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue mass (P<0.01). These mice also presented insulin resistance (P<0.01), glucose intolerance (P<0.001), impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and were less responsive to the physiological net ROS production induced by glucose stimulus. The HFDS group's pancreatic islet cells were 38% less viable and 59% more apoptotic than those from the C group (P<0.05). The HFDSTR improved glucose tolerance, body mass, insulin sensitivity and GSIS (P<0.05). Furthermore, HFDSTR mice had 53% more viable isolated pancreatic islets cells and 29% fewer apoptotic cells than the HFDS group (P<0.01). Thus, exercise training may slow down and/or prevent adverse metabolic effects associated with consuming a westernized diet.
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Resistência à Insulina , Ilhotas Pancreáticas , Animais , Caseínas/metabolismo , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Glucose/metabolismo , Insulina/metabolismo , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Amido , Sacarose/metabolismoRESUMO
In commercial pig breeding farms, boars are often exposed to stressful situations, such as confined housing conditions, inadequate environmental temperature, food restriction, lameness, diseases, among other challenges. Confined housing conditions, such as crates, are reported as a major source of stress for pregnant sows, and were banned in the UK and in Europe, however there is limited information about the impact of this housing system for boars. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of three different housing conditions for boars and the consequence on the testicles. We studied 27 crossbred boars (F1 large white and landrace), housed in crates (n = 9), pens (n = 9), or enriched pens (n = 9), during 10 weeks. We collected data of scrotal superficies mean temperature (SSMT) with a thermal camera; we measured testicular parenchyma perfusion (ultrasound evaluation); and we measured sperm characteristics. We found that boars housed in crates had a higher SSMT (p < 0.05) and higher testicular parenchyma perfusion than boars housed in pens and enriched pens (p = 0.01). Regarding the semen features, we found that boars housed in crates showed more agglutinated semen, and higher values of linear curved linear velocity (VCL) than boars housed in pens and enriched pens, both indicators of reduced fertility. These results indicates that boars housed in pens and in enriched pens showed better indicators of testicular health, better sperm motility features (VCL, p = 0.046), and less agglutinated sperm (p < 0;05) than that observed in boars kept in crates.
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Bem-Estar do Animal , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Testículo , Animais , Fertilidade , Abrigo para Animais , Masculino , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/fisiologia , Espermatozoides/fisiologia , SuínosRESUMO
Abstract The present update is a reassessment of the 2018 'Guidelines for HPV-DNA Testing for Cervical Cancer Screening in Brazil' (Zeferino et al.)9, according to the changes observed in new international guidelines and knowledge updates. The most relevant and recent guidelines were assessed. Questions regarding the clinical practice were formulated, and the answers considered the perspective of the public and private sectors of the Brazilian health system. The review addressed risk-based strategies regarding age to start and stop screening, the use of cytology and colposcopy to support management decisions, treatment, follow-up strategies, and screening in specific groups, including vaccinated women. The update aims to improve the prevention of cervical cancer and to reduce overtreatment and the misuse of HPV testing.
Resumo Esta atualização é uma reavaliação das "Recomendações para o uso de testes de DNAHPV no rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero no Brasil" (Zeferino et al., 2018),9 de acordo com as mudanças observadas nas novas recomendações internacionais, além das atualizações no conhecimento. As recomendações mais relevantes e recentes foram avaliadas. Questões referentes à prática clínica foram formuladas, e as respostas consideraram a perspectiva do sistema de saúde brasileiro, tanto público quanto privado. Esta revisão abrange estratégias baseadas em risco sobre idade para início e término de rastreamento, o uso da citologia e colposcopia para apoiar as condutas, tratamento, estratégias de seguimento, e rastreamento em grupos específicos, incluindo mulheres vacinadas. Esta atualização tem o objetivo de melhorar as estratégias de prevenção do câncer do colo de útero e reduzir o supertratamento e o uso incorreto dos testes de HPV.
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Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Programas de Rastreamento , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Testes de DNA para Papilomavírus Humano , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de SaúdeRESUMO
PURPOSE: To describe the results of 610 patients who underwent LEEP and evaluate factors related to a negative margin. METHODS: A retrospective study of patients treated by LEEP at a colposcopy referral service in Campinas, Brazil, 2017-2019. Patients were referred to treat high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or adenocarcinoma in situ suspected by cytology and colposcopy (screen-and-treat) or by biopsy. Descriptive analysis was performed by frequencies as a function of the status of the margins (negative or positive). Factors associated with margin status were assessed by regression. RESULTS: The endocervical, ectocervical or both margins were negative in 82.4%, 75.7% and 65.9%, respectively. Age, sexual debut, parity, menopause status, smoking and hormonal contraception showed no difference in the proportion of negative margins. Both margins were negative in 66.1% of patients with transformation zone type(TZ) 1, 73.1% of TZ 2, and 54.7% of TZ 3 (p = 0.015). The endocervical negative margin was obtained in 78.0% of patients submitted to excision I (loop 10 mm) and 82.5% to excision II (loop 15 mm) (p = 0.016). Having the sexual debut at 18 years or older or being submitted to an excision type II doubled the chance of negative endocervical margin (1.98;1.04-3.77 and 1.95; 1.18-3.21, respectively). CONCLUSION: The proportion of negative endocervical margin was 78% in excision I and 86% in excision II. Sexual onset and excision type II increased the chance of obtaining a negative endocervical margin.
Assuntos
Displasia do Colo do Útero , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Conização/métodos , Eletrocirurgia/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Margens de Excisão , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/cirurgia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/cirurgiaRESUMO
The present update is a reassessment of the 2018 'Guidelines for HPV-DNA Testing for Cervical Cancer Screening in Brazil' (Zeferino et al.)9, according to the changes observed in new international guidelines and knowledge updates. The most relevant and recent guidelines were assessed. Questions regarding the clinical practice were formulated, and the answers considered the perspective of the public and private sectors of the Brazilian health system. The review addressed risk-based strategies regarding age to start and stop screening, the use of cytology and colposcopy to support management decisions, treatment, follow-up strategies, and screening in specific groups, including vaccinated women. The update aims to improve the prevention of cervical cancer and to reduce overtreatment and the misuse of HPV testing.
Esta atualização é uma reavaliação das "Recomendações para o uso de testes de DNA-HPV no rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero no Brasil" (Zeferino et al., 2018),9 de acordo com as mudanças observadas nas novas recomendações internacionais, além das atualizações no conhecimento. As recomendações mais relevantes e recentes foram avaliadas. Questões referentes à prática clínica foram formuladas, e as respostas consideraram a perspectiva do sistema de saúde brasileiro, tanto público quanto privado. Esta revisão abrange estratégias baseadas em risco sobre idade para início e término de rastreamento, o uso da citologia e colposcopia para apoiar as condutas, tratamento, estratégias de seguimento, e rastreamento em grupos específicos, incluindo mulheres vacinadas. Esta atualização tem o objetivo de melhorar as estratégias de prevenção do câncer do colo de útero e reduzir o supertratamento e o uso incorreto dos testes de HPV.
Assuntos
Infecções por Papillomavirus , Displasia do Colo do Útero , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Colposcopia , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Feminino , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Gravidez , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Esfregaço Vaginal , Displasia do Colo do Útero/diagnósticoRESUMO
This study aimed to assess the semen ubiquitin levels of stallions with good (GF) and poor semen freezability (PF) and to evaluate the relationship between sperm ubiquitination and sperm morphological defects. Five ejaculates from eight adult stallions (n = 40) were collected and cryopreserved. Then, the ubiquitin level in equine sperm cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry with epifluorescence microscopy, and sperm morphology was assessed by differential interference contrast microscopy. Sperm cells were classified according to the intensity (classification 1: from I to IV; I = very low ubiquitin intensity and IV = very high ubiquitin intensity) and location of ubiquitin staining (classification 2). Statistical analyses were performed using SAS software (version 9.4), and p ≤ .05 was considered significant. We observed that PF stallions showed higher percentages (p < .05) of sperm cells with high ubiquitination (11.82% of ubiquitin intensity grade I, 39.13% of ubiquitin intensity grade II, 27.25% of ubiquitin intensity grade III, and 20.67% of grade IV), while GF stallions showed higher percentages (p < .05) of sperm cells with lower staining intensity (28.52% grade I, 59.83% grade II, 7.92% grade III, and 7.02% grade IV). Furthermore, for PF stallions, 23 significant correlations were detected (p < .05) between sperm abnormalities and ubiquitin intensity in different sperm regions. Increased ubiquitination of the sperm head, midpiece, and tail was positively correlated with their respective morphological defects. We concluded that high sperm ubiquitin levels are observed in ejaculates from stallions with poor semen quality (poor freezability), and ubiquitin marking in specific cellular locations can identify sperm morphological defects.
Assuntos
Preservação do Sêmen , Animais , Criopreservação/veterinária , Cavalos , Masculino , Sêmen , Análise do Sêmen/veterinária , Preservação do Sêmen/veterinária , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Espermatozoides , Ubiquitinação , UbiquitinasRESUMO
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and, as such, is associated with obesity. With the current and growing epidemic of obesity, NAFLD is already considered the most common liver disease in the world. Currently, there is no official treatment for the disease besides weight loss. Although there are a few synthetic drugs currently being studied, there is also an abundance of herbal products that could also be used for treatment. With the World Health Organization (WHO) traditional medicine strategy (2014-2023) in mind, this review aims to analyze the mechanisms of action of some of these herbal products, as well as evaluate toxicity and herb-drug interactions available in literature.