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Tetrahedral copper(II) and zinc(II) coordination compounds from 5-nitroimidazole derivatives, viz. 1-(2-chloroethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (cenz) and ornidazole 1-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (onz), were synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. Their molecular structures were determined by X-ray diffraction studies. The complexes [Cu(onz)2X2], [Zn(onz)2X2], [Cu(cenz)2X2] and [Zn(cenz)2X2] (X- = Cl, Br), are stable in solution and exhibit positive LogD7.4 values that are in the range for molecules capable of crossing the cell membrane via passive difussion. Their biological activity against Toxoplasma gondi was investigated, and IC50 and lethal dose (LD50) values were determined. The ornidazole copper(II) compounds showed very good antiparasitic activity in its tachyzoite morphology. The interaction of the coordination compounds with DNA was examined by circular dichroism, fluorescence (using intercalating ethidium bromide and minor groove binding Hoechst 33258) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The copper(II) compounds interact with the minor groove of the biomolecule, whereas weaker electrostatic interactions take place with the zinc(II) compounds. The spectroscopic data achieved for the two series of complexes (namely with copper(II) and zinc(II) as metal center) agree with the respective DNA-damage features observed by gel electrophoresis.
Assuntos
Complexos de Coordenação , Nitroimidazóis , Ornidazol , Toxoplasma , Cobre/química , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Toxoplasma/metabolismo , Zinco/química , DNA/química , Ligantes , Cristalografia por Raios XRESUMO
Background Although international publications on radiosurgery have increased exponentially, reports of heterogeneous series treated with linear accelerator (LINAC) are scarce. Since most intracranial tumors are irregular in size and not spherical, LINACs (Elekta Precise®, Elekta AB, Sweden), fitted with a multi-leaf collimator, allow for precise stereotactic radiosurgery for the entire tumor. Aim To evaluate the effects of LINAC on an outpatient basis with patients diagnosed with various intracranial malignancies. Methodology A retrospective observational study of a series of cases of patients with intracranial lesions treated at the Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology using LINAC was carried out from October 2019 to May 2021 to evaluate the therapeutic results of radiosurgery in patients with intracranial tumors. Results A total of 22 lesions in 20 patients were treated with LINAC. The average age of the patients was 49.7, and the male-female ratio was 1:2. The cases consisted were mostly vestibular schwannoma (7 lesions), metastases from breast cancer (3 lesions), and tuberculum sellae meningioma (2 lesions). The prescription dose covered 99% of the planning target volume in 16 lesions (72.7%) and 100% in six lesions (27.3%) (prescription volume). In meningiomas and schwannomas, doses between 12 and 14 Gy were used, in plasmacytoma 13 Gy, in pilocytic astrocytoma 14 Gy, in cavernoma 15 Gy, in breast cancer metastasis between 18 and 20 Gy, and in lung cancer metastasis 22 Gy. When evaluating local control, 11 patients exhibited stable findings at the six-month control while 10 had partial regression, and a single patient had total regression. Minor complications such as perilesional edema, facial paresthesia, facial paralysis, and transient alopecia were observed in eight of the patients. Conclusions Patients with extra-axial, low-grade malignancy, and posterior fossa lesions were predominant in the studied population. Radiosurgery treatment is associated with good local control of the treated lesions. Complications are infrequent, mild, and predominated by perilesional edema.
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Two square-planar coordination compounds, namely [Cu(CPYA)Cl2] (1) and [Pd(CPYA)Cl2] (2), were prepared from the ligand 4-chloro-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)aniline (CPYA) and two chloride salts, and were fully characterized, including by X-ray diffraction. Spectroscopic, electrophoretic and AFM studies revealed that the two isostructural compounds were interacting differently with DNA. In both cases, the initial interaction involves electrostatic contacts of the CPYA ligand in the minor groove (as suggested by molecular docking), but subsequent strong binding occurs with the palladium(II) complex 2, whereas the binding with the copper complex 1 is weaker and concentration dependent. The strong binding of 2 eventually leads to the cleavage of the double strand and the redox activity of 1 allows to oxidatively cleave the biomolecule.
Assuntos
Cloretos/química , Cobre/química , DNA/química , Paládio/química , Dicroísmo Circular , Cristalografia por Raios X , Corantes Fluorescentes , Ligação de Hidrogênio , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
Resumen Se describe un estudio de caso centrado en el currículo de una profesora de física de bachillerato durante dos años consecutivos sobre la enseñanza del campo eléctrico, abordado desde tres niveles: declarativo, diseño y acción. La caracterización del conocimiento curricular se realiza bajo la perspectiva del conocimiento didáctico del contenido (CDC), utilizando como técnica el análisis del contenido. Los resultados muestran una alta tendencia tradicional en cada uno de los niveles considerados. Después de la intervención, el nivel de diseño es el que presenta los mayores cambios, notándose un incremento considerable en la tendencia intermedia. Estos resultados muestran la importancia del diseño curricular en los procesos de concreción del CDC.
Abstract We describe a case study focused on the knowledge of the curriculum of a high school physics teacher, two consecutive years on electric field teaching. We used three levels to characterize the knowledge of the curriculum: declarative, design and action. The characterization of the knowledge of the curriculum was doing from pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), through the content analysis as a technique. The results show a high traditional tendency in each of the levels considered. After the intervention, the level of design represents the biggest changes, where intermediate trend increases. These results show the importance of curriculum design of education, in the process of realization of the PCK.
Résumé Cet article décrit une étude de cas au long de deux années concernant le programme d'études sur l'enseignement du champ électrique d'une professeure de physique du secondaire, abordé selon trois niveaux: déclaratif, de la planification et de l'action. La caractérisation des connaissances des programmes se place dans la perspective de la connaissance didactique du contenu (CDC) s'appuyant sur la technique de l'analyse de contenu. Les résultats indiquent une forte tendance traditionnelle à tous les niveaux considérés. Après l'intervention, le niveau de la planification a été celui qui a présenté les plus grands changements, avec une augmentation considérable de la tendance intermédiaire. Ces résultats montrent l'importance de l'esquisse des programmes scolaires dans les processus de mise en œuvre du CDC.
Resumo Descreve-se um estudo de caso centrado no currículo de uma professora de física do ensino médio durante dois anos consecutivos sobre o ensino do campo elétrico, abordado a partir de três níveis: declarativo, planejamento e ação. A caracterização do conhecimento curricular é realizada da perspectiva do conhecimento didático do conteúdo (CDC), utilizando como técnica a análise do conteúdo. Os resultados mostram uma alta tendência tradicional em cada um dos níveis considerados. Depois da intervenção, o nível de planejamento apresenta as maiores mudanças, notando-se um aumento considerável na tendência intermediária. Esses resultados mostram a importância do desenho curricular nos processos de concretização do CDC.
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Four copper(II) coordination compounds from 2-benzimidazole propionic acid (Hbzpr) and 4-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-3-thiobutanoic acid (Hbztb) were synthesized and fully characterized by elemental analyses, electronic spectroscopy, FT-IR and mass spectrometry. The molecular structure for the four complexes was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The DNA-interacting properties of the two trinuclear and two mononuclear compounds were investigated using different spectroscopic techniques including absorption titration experiments, fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Trinuclear [Cu3(bzpr)4(H2O)2](NO3)2·3H2O·CH3OH (2) and [Cu3(bzpr)4Cl2]·3H2O (3) bind to DNA through non-intercalative interactions, while for mononuclear [Cu(bzpr)2(H2O)]·2H2O (1) and [Cu(bztb)2]·2H2O (4), at minor concentrations in relation to the DNA, a groove binding interaction is favored, while at higher concentrations an intercalative mode is preferred. The nuclease properties of all complexes were studied by gel electrophoresis, which showed that they were able to cleave supercoiled plasmid DNA (form I) to the nicked form (form II). Compound 4 is even capable of generating linear form III (resulting from double-strand cleavage). The proposed mechanism of action involves an oxidative pathway (Fenton-type reaction), which produces harmful reactive species, like hydroxyl radicals.
Assuntos
Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Complexos de Coordenação/farmacologia , Cobre/farmacologia , DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Benzimidazóis/química , Complexos de Coordenação/síntese química , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Cobre/química , Cristalografia por Raios X , Clivagem do DNA , Ligantes , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , PlasmídeosRESUMO
El cálculo matemático es una temática de constante preocupación sobre todo en los primeros años de escolaridad. Muchas han sido las aristas desde la que se ha investigado, ya que persisten las dificultades en este sentido. Se trabajó con una muestra de 8 escolares de segundo grado de la escuela primaria Miguel Ángel Cano Domínguez, en Santiago de Cuba. Se emplearon los métodos del nivel teórico, del nivel empírico y diferentes técnicas para el diagnóstico de la memoria, para explorar la personalidad del escolar y determinar las principales causas de las necesidades en la memorización. Se propone un sistema de tratamientos psicopedagógicos para la atención e intervención en las dificultades en la fijación de los ejercicios básicos de las cuatro operaciones de cálculo, ejercicios con texto y el ordenamiento de números. La propuesta elaborada contribuye a la estimulación de los procesos de la fijación del cálculo matemático en los escolares y en la adquisición de conocimientos para el desarrollo de su personalidad.
The mathematical calculation is a subject of constant concern especially in the first years of schooling. Many have been the edges from which it has been investigated since the difficulties persist in this sense. We worked with a sample of 8 second grade students of Miguel Ángel Cano Domínguez Elementary School, in Santiago de Cuba. The methods of the theoretical level, the empirical level and different techniques for the diagnosis of memory were used to explore the personality of the scholar and determine the main causes of the needs in memorization. A system of psychopedagogical treatments is proposed for attention and intervention in the difficulties in the fixation of the basic exercises of the four operations of calculation, exercises with text and ordering of numbers. The elaborated proposal contributes to the stimulation of the processes of fixing mathematical calculation in school children and the acquisition of knowledge for the development of their personality
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Ensino , Terapêutica/psicologia , Matemática/educação , Desempenho Acadêmico , MemóriaRESUMO
Novel tinidazole (tnz) coordination compounds of different geometries were synthesised, whose respective solid-state packing appears to be driven by inter- and intramolecular lone pairπ interactions. The copper(ii) compounds exhibit interesting redox properties originating from both the tnz and the metal ions. These complexes interact with DNA through two distinct ways, namely via electrostatic interactions or/and groove binding, and they can mediate the generation of ROS that damage the biomolecule. Cytotoxic studies revealed an interesting activity of the dinuclear compound [Cu(tnz)2(µ-Cl)Cl]27, which is further more efficient towards cancer cells, compared with normal cells.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Complexos de Coordenação/farmacologia , DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Tinidazol/química , Células A549 , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cobalto/química , Complexos de Coordenação/síntese química , Cobre/química , DNA/química , Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Oxirredução , Zinco/químicaRESUMO
Cada año un número de personas resultan indeterminadas por las pruebas de Western blot y requieren de seguimiento para esclarecer su condición serológica respecto al VIH. Para profundizar en el conocimiento de este grupo, se estudió la respuesta de anticuerpos a las diferentes proteínas virales en el Western blot de 571 personas que resultaron indeterminadas en el algoritmo de confirmación del Laboratorio de Investigaciones del SIDA en Cuba (LISIDA) durante los años 2004 y 2005, también se investigó la evolución serológica de 57 personas que presentaban reactividad solamente contra las proteínas de 53 y/o 55 Kd, pudiendo estar presente además, reactividad contra la proteína de 17Kd. Se observó de forma significativa (p< 0,001) una mayor reactividad a las proteínas de 53 y 55 Kd, de igual forma resultó significativo el porcentaje de personas que negativizaron su patrón de bandas en el Western blot en la evolución serológica. Los resultados coinciden con lo reportado por otros investigadores en estudios similares y justifican la estrategia de seguimiento serológico y epidemiológico en personas con patrones indeterminados al VIH 1 en el Western blot, aún cuando su reactividad sea solamente contra las proteínas de 53 o 55 Kd, además, confirman que el diagnóstico de VIH va más allá de un criterio de interpretación o el valor de la reactividad a una proteína en particular, el éxito está en la conjugación de los resultados del laboratorio con la clínica y la epidemiologia
Every year a number of individuals are interpreted as indeterminate when tested by Western blot, then, a follow up is required to clear up their HIV serological status. To deepen in the study of this group, 571 persons whose Western blot was interpreted as indeterminate in the confirmatory algorithm of the AIDS Research Laboratory in Cuba (LISIDA) during the years 2004 and 2005 were studied for antibody response to the different HIV viral proteins; the serological evolution of 57 persons who only showed reactivity to p53 and/or p55 Kd, with a probable reactivity to p17 Kd protein was also studied. A greater reactivity (p < 0,001) to proteins 53 and 55 Kd was observed, and the percentage of persons who became negative in their Western blot bands pattern during the serological evolution was also significant. The results correlate with those reported by other researchers in similar studies, and justify the strategy of serological and epidemiological follow up in HIV- 1 individuals with Indeterminate Western blot tests, even when its reactivity is only against proteins 53 or 55 Kd, it also confirms the fact that HIV diagnosis is beyond an interpretation criteria or the reactivity value to a particular protein, success lies on the conjugation of clinical and epidemiological laboratory results
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HIV , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Western Blotting , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Exercise may reduce anxiety and depression associated to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. AIM: To assess the effects of a physical training program during chemotherapy among women with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty two women aged 49 +/- 7 years with breast cancer voluntarily agreed to take part in the study, after surgical treatment. Functional capacity (Karnofsky Performance Status), psychological status (General Health Questionnaire, GHQ) and quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30) were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the study. Before beginning with adjuvant chemotherapy, ten women were randomly assigned to a program of physical exercise and seven to a control group. The program lasted 18 to 22 weeks, depending on the duration of chemotherapy. RESULTS: Five women were lost from follow up. Before starting chemotherapy, 41% of women were working and all had to kit. At baseline all had a normal Karnofski score and quality of life was compromised. At the end of the study, the intervention group had an improvement of their quality of life, compared to the control group that did not experience significant changes. CONCLUSIONS: An exercise training program improves quality of life of women with breast cancer on chemotherapy.
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Neoplasias da Mama/psicologia , Neoplasias da Mama/reabilitação , Terapia por Exercício , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Adulto , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: la amplificación del ADN proviral del VIH-1, constituye un método preferencial para el diagnóstico perinatal, empleado en Cuba desde 1992. El estuche AMPLICOR HIV-1 DNA es un ensayo cualitativo in vitro para la detección del ADN proviral de VIH-1 en sangre total. OBJETIVO: en el presente trabajo se reportan los resultados del empleo de este estuche por primera vez en Cuba para el diagnóstico perinatal de VIH-1. MÉTODOS: entre 2005 y 2007 se trabajaron mediante el estuche AMPLICOR HIV-1 DNA, 346 muestras de sangre total de niños nacidos de madres seropositivas al VIH-1. RESULTADOS: del total de muestras trabajadas, 6 resultaron positivas y 340 fueron negativas. CONCLUSIONES: el estuche fue reproducible en las condiciones cubanas y los resultados obtenidos permitieron realizar el diagnóstico y seguimiento de niños nacidos de madres seropositivas.
INTRODUCTION: HIV-1 proviral DNA amplification is the preferential method for HIV diagnosis infection in infants and it has been used in Cuba since 1992. AMPLICOR HIV-1 DNA kit is an in vitro qualitative assay for the detection of HIV-1 proviral DNA in the whole blood. OBJECTIVE: this paper showed the results of the use of this kit for the first time in Cuba for the perinatal diagnosis of HIV-1 infection. METHODS: three hundred forty six whole blood samples from children of HIV seropositive women were analyzed by the AMPLICOR HIV-1 DNA kit in the period 2005-2007. RESULTS: among the tested samples, six were positive, and 340 negative. CONCLUSIONS: the assay was reproducible under the Cuban conditions and the achieved results made the diagnosis and follow up of children of HIV-1 seropositive mothers possible.
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Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Sorodiagnóstico da AIDS/métodos , DNA Viral/análise , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , HIV-1 , CubaRESUMO
Background: Exercise may reduce anxiety and depression associated to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Aim: To assess the effects of a physical training program during chemotherapy among women with breast cancer. Patients and Methods: Twenty two women aged 49 ± 7 years with breast cancer voluntarily agreed to take part in the study, after surgical treatment. Functional capacity (Karnofsky Performance Status), psychological status (General Health Questionnaire, GHQ) and quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30) were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the study. Before beginning with adjuvant chemotherapy, ten women were randomly assigned to a program of physical exercise and seven to a control group. The program lasted 18 to 22 weeks, depending on the duration of chemotherapy. Results: Five women were lost from follow up. Before starting chemotherapy, 41 percent of women were working and all had to kit. At baseline all had a normal Karnofski score and quality of life was compromised. At the end of the study, the intervention group had an improvement of their quality of life, compared to the control group that did not experience significant changes. Conclusions: An exercise training program improves quality of life of women with breast cancer on chemotherapy.
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Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias da Mama/psicologia , Neoplasias da Mama/reabilitação , Terapia por Exercício , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection among patients with lymphoproliferative disorders, as well as among their family members and sexual contacts, at two sentinel sites in Cuba. METHODS: An analysis was conducted of all the patients with a presumptive diagnosis of hematological malignancies seen by the hematology departments of the Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras (HHA), City of Havana, and the Hospital Provincial Comandante Faustino Pérez (HPCFP), Matanza, Cuba, in January 1996-January 1997. HTLV-I seropositivity was determined by ELISA and Western Blot, and infection was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. The positive patients' family members and sexual contacts were also assessed. The Z-test was used to compare proportions. RESULTS: Seroprevalence of HTLV-I infection in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders was 0.4% higher at the HPCFP than at the HHA (6.1% versus 0.2%, P<0.001). There were no significant differences in prevalence by age, sex, or skin color. Of the 53 family members and sexual contacts studied, 8 (15.1%) were positive for HTLV-I infection. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of HTLV-I in the study group was higher than previously found in Cuba. The value of seroepidemiological surveillance through sentinel sites was confirmed.
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Infecções por HTLV-I/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Hematológicas/epidemiologia , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/isolamento & purificação , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/epidemiologia , Western Blotting , Busca de Comunicante , Cuba/epidemiologia , DNA Viral/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Saúde da Família , Anticorpos Anti-HTLV-I/sangue , Neoplasias Hematológicas/virologia , Humanos , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Vigilância da População , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras/epidemiologia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras/virologia , Prevalência , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Parceiros SexuaisRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Determinar la frecuencia de la infección por el HTLV-I en pacientes con síndromes linfoproliferativos, así como en sus familiares y contactos sexuales, en dos sitios de vigilancia centinela en Cuba. MÉTODOS: Se analizaron todos los pacientes que tenían un diagnóstico presuntivo de neoplasias hematológicas entre enero de 1996 y enero de 2007 atendidos en los servicios de hematología del Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras (HHA), de Ciudad de La Habana, y el Hospital Provincial Comandante Faustino Pérez (HPCFP), de Matanzas, Cuba. Se determinó la seropositividad al HTLV-I por ELISA y western blot y se confirmó la infección mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Se estudiaron también los familiares y los contactos sexuales de los pacientes positivos. Se utilizó la prueba de la Z para la comparación de proporciones. RESULTADOS: La seroprevalencia de la infección por el HTLV-I en pacientes con síndromes linfoproliferativos fue de 0,4 por ciento, mayor en el HPCFP que en el HHA (6,1 por ciento frente a 0,2 por ciento; P < 0,001). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la frecuencia de la infección según la edad, el sexo y el color de la piel. De los 53 familiares y contactos sexuales estudiados, 8 (15,1 por ciento) tuvieron diagnóstico positivo de infección por el HTLV-I. CONCLUSIÓN: La frecuencia de la infección por el HTLV-I en el grupo estudiado fue superior a la encontrada con anterioridad en Cuba. Se confirmó la utilidad de la vigilancia seroepidemiológica mediante centros centinela.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection among patients with lymphoproliferative disorders, as well as among their family members and sexual contacts, at two sentinel sites in Cuba. METHODS: An analysis was conducted of all the patients with a presumptive diagnosis of hematological malignancies seen by the hematology departments of the Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras (HHA), City of Havana, and the Hospital Provincial Comandante Faustino Pérez (HPCFP), Matanza, Cuba, in January 1996-January 1997. HTLV-I seropositivity was determined by ELISA and Western Blot, and infection was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. The positive patients' family members and sexual contacts were also assessed. The Z-test was used to compare proportions. RESULTS: Seroprevalence of HTLV-I infection in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders was 0.4 percent higher at the HPCFP than at the HHA (6.1 percent versus 0.2 percent, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in prevalence by age, sex, or skin color. Of the 53 family members and sexual contacts studied, 8 (15.1 percent) were positive for HTLV-I infection. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of HTLV-I in the study group was higher than previously found in Cuba. The value of seroepidemiological surveillance through sentinel sites was confirmed.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por HTLV-I/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Hematológicas/epidemiologia , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/isolamento & purificação , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/epidemiologia , Western Blotting , Busca de Comunicante , Cuba/epidemiologia , DNA Viral/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Saúde da Família , Anticorpos Anti-HTLV-I/sangue , Neoplasias Hematológicas/virologia , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Vigilância da População , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras/epidemiologia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras/virologia , Prevalência , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Parceiros SexuaisRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: HIV-1 proviral DNA amplification is the preferential method for HIV diagnosis infection in infants and it has been used in Cuba since 1992. AMPLICOR HIV-1 DNA kit is an in vitro qualitative assay for the detection of HIV-1 proviral DNA in the whole blood. OBJECTIVE: this paper showed the results of the use of this kit for the first time in Cuba for the perinatal diagnosis of HIV-1 infection. METHODS: three hundred forty six whole blood samples from children of HIV seropositive women were analyzed by the AMPLICOR HIV-1 DNA kit in the period 2005-2007. RESULTS: among the tested samples, six were positive, and 340 negative. CONCLUSIONS: the assay was reproducible under the Cuban conditions and the achieved results made the diagnosis and follow up of children of HIV-1 seropositive mothers possible.
Assuntos
Sorodiagnóstico da AIDS/métodos , DNA Viral/análise , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , HIV-1 , Cuba , Humanos , Recém-NascidoAssuntos
Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano , Anticorpos Anti-HTLV-I , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos , Vigilância de Evento Sentinela , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Cuba , Anticorpos Anti-HTLV-I , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos , Vigilância de Evento Sentinela , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Neoplasias Hematológicas , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos , Western Blotting , Busca de Comunicante , DNA Viral , Anticorpos Anti-HTLV-I , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras , Parceiros Sexuais , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano , Infecções por HTLV-I , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Saúde da Família , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Vigilância da População , Prevalência , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: el virus linfotrópico de células T humanas tipo I (HTLV-I) es endémico en el Caribe, con tasas de seroprevalencia de 3 a 6 %. Se transmite por las vías sexual, vertical y parenteral. Aunque con seroprevalencia mucho menor, en Cuba también circula el HTLV-I y la transmisión heterosexual es una forma de contagio frecuentemente reportada. OBJETIVO: determinar la seroprevalencia del HTLV-I en los contactos sexuales de individuos con infección conocida por HTLV-I y valorar factores de interés epidemiológico con posible influencia en la transmisión. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio prospectivo de seguimiento seroepidemiológico de los contactos sexuales de los individuos con infección por HTLV-I, identificados por el Programa Nacional de Control de las ITS/VIH/sida. Previa consejería y obtención de consentimiento informado se confeccionó una encuesta epidemiológica, con datos sobre los contactos sexuales y su seguimiento serológico. El diagnóstico se realizó con los sistemas de ELISA y Western blot DAVIH HTLV-I y DAVIH BLOT HTLV-I, respectivamente, y el procesamiento estadístico mediante el programa EPIDAT. RESULTADOS: la seropositividad de los contactos sexuales de los hombres resultó significativamente mayor en comparación con los de las mujeres (53,3 % vs. 9,09 %, p< 0,05). El tiempo promedio de exposición de los contactos positivos y negativos de hombres y mujeres no mostró diferencia significativa. CONCLUSIONES: los resultados indican mayor eficiencia en la transmisión del HTLV-I del sexo masculino al femenino y evidencian su presencia en Cuba como una infección de transmisión sexual. Los autores consideran que esta información debe ser utilizada durante el servicio de consejería.
INTRODUCTION: the Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus type I (HTLV-I) is considered to be endemic in the Caribbean area, with rates of seroprevalence from 3 to 6 %. Its routes of transmission are sexual, vertical and parenteral. It also circulates in Cuba, though seroprevalence is much lower. Heterosexual transmission is a frequently reported way of contagion. OBJECTIVES: to determine HTLV-I seroprevalence in the sexual partners of HTLV-I infected individuals and also to assess important epidemiological factors that could have an impact on the transmission. METHODS: a prospective sero epidemiological follow-up study was conducted with the sexual partners of the HTLV-I infected individuals who were identified by the National Program of STD/HIV/aids. After counseling sessions and well-informed consent, an epidemiological survey was designed using data from the sexual partners and their serological follow up. Diagnosis was based on the ELISA and Western Blot DAVIH HTLV-I and DAVIH BLOT HTLV-I systems, and the statistical processing used EPIDAT program. RESULTS: seropositivity of the sexual partners was significantly higher in men than in women (53.3% vs. 9.09%, p< 0.05). The average time of exposure of the positive and negative partners of men and women did not show significant difference. CONCLUSION: the results revealed greater efficiency in the transmission of HTLV-I from men to women and also evinced its presence in Cuba as sexually-transmitted disease. The authors believe that this information should be used during the counseling service.
RESUMO
Se expusieron los resultados del diseño y la evaluación del diagnosticador DAVIH VIH-2, sistema ELISA indirecto diseñado para el pesquisaje de anticuerpos al VIH-2, que utiliza en su fase sólida un péptido sintético de la proteína de envoltura gp36 del VIH-2. La evaluación del desempeño del sistema se realizó utilizando paneles de referencia de la OMS y se determinó que la sensibilidad fue 100 por ciento, la especificidad 99,81 por ciento, la eficacia 99,81 por ciento y la concordancia muy buena (índice kappa= 0,978). Las muestras de suero de 959 personas con resultados indeterminados o negativos a la confirmación de anticuerpos al VIH-1 (DAVIH-Blot) se evaluaron en el sistema DAVIH VIH-2. Resultaron reactivas al sistema 24 muestras, confirmßndose la presencia de anticuerpos al VIH-2 en 6 de ellas. Estos resultados permitieron sugerir la introducción de este diagnosticador en el algoritmo de diagnóstico de la infección por VIH en Cuba.
The results of the design and evaluation of DAVIH VIH-2 diagnosing system, an indirect Elisa for screening of HIV-2 antibodies, which uses a HIV-2 glycoprotein gp36 synthetic peptide in its solid phase, were exposed. In the system evaluation using WHO reference panels, 100 percent sensitivity, 99,81 percent specificity, 99,81percent efficacy and very good concordance level (kappa = 0.978) were attained. Serum samples of 959 individuals with undetermined or negative results to the HIV-1 antibodies confirmation (DAVIH blot) were evaluated by the DAVIH VIH-2 system. Twenty four samples were reactive, six of which had confirmed HIV-2 antibodies. These results allowed recommending the introduction of this diagnostic kit in the HIV infection diagnosing algorithm in Cuba.
Assuntos
Humanos , HIV-2 , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodosRESUMO
Se diseñó e implementó un sistema de vigilancia integrado para la prevención del dengue, en el municipio Cotorro en Ciudad de La Habana, aplicando el enfoque de ecosistema. Cuba, ubicada geográficamente en la cercanía de países con una alta incidencia de dengue y con un enfoque preventivo como premisa de su Sistema de Salud Pública, necesita adoptar medidas para prevenir nuevas epidemias de dengue. Fueron integrados los componentes de la vigilancia, ambiental, entomológico y clínico-epidemiológico, en interrelación con una estrategia de participación social. Se realizaron varios talleres con las personas implicadas en la búsqueda y el análisis de la información obtenida. Se creó una base de datos automatizada con salida de indicadores y mapas temáticos que permitieron la estratificación de riesgos para el dengue y su vector, fueron además organizados 17 grupos vecinales. La vigilancia ambiental constituyó el primer elemento a tener en cuenta para evitar la proliferación de Aedes aegypti. El Sistema Integrado de Vigilancia para el dengue desarrollado en el proyecto constituyó una importante herramienta para la toma de decisiones al nivel local.
A comprehensive ecosystem approach-based surveillance system was designed and implemented for dengue prevention in Cotorro municipality at the City of Havana. Cuba, geographically situated near those countries with high dengue incidence, and having a preventive approach as a premise of its public healthcare system, has to adopt measures to prevent new dengue epidemics. The environmental, entomological and clinical/epidemiological elements of the surveillance system were integrated and combined with a social participation strategy. A number of workshops were held for the people involved in search and analysis of the collected information. An automated database with indicators and thematic map outputs made risk stratification for dengue and its vector possible. Additionally, 17 groups of neighbors were organized. The environmental surveillance was the first element to be taken into account to avoid Aedes aegypti spread. The comprehensive surveillance system for dengue developed in the project was an important tool for the decision-taking process at local level.
Assuntos
Humanos , Dengue , Sistema Nacional de Vigilância em SaúdeRESUMO
Se evaluó el fluido oral y la orina como muestras opcionales en el diagnóstico confirmatorio del VIH-1 con el sistema DAVIH-BLOT (Laboratorios DAVIH, La Habana, Cuba), para lo cual se comparó con las correspondientes muestras de sueros en un grupo de 125 individuos. En el análisis de los patrones de bandas reveladas, los anticuerpos predominantes en las muestras positivas de fluido oral y orina contra la p34, p68, gp41 y gp120, no tuvieron diferencias con sus correspondientes sueros según la prueba de comparación de proporciones (p< 0,001). La sensibilidad y especificidad relativas del sistema resultaron de 100 por ciento en el análisis del fluido oral; 98,75 y 100 por ciento, respectivamente, en las muestras de orina. Estos resultados apoyan el empleo opcional del fluido oral y la orina que, con ligeras modificaciones introducidas en el sistema diagnóstico, pueden aplicarse para la confirmación de anticuerpos contra el VIH-1.
The objective of this report was to evaluate oral fluid and urine as optional samples for HIV-1 confirmatory test using DAVIH-BLOT system (Laboratorios DAVIH, La Habana, Cuba), for which they were compared with their corresponding serum samples in a group of 125 individuals. In band pattern analysis, predominant antibodies in positives oral fluid and urine samples against p34, p68, gp41, gp120, were no different from their corresponding sera according to the proportion comparison test (p<0,001). Relative sensitivity and specificity of this system were 100 pernent in oral fluid and 98, 75 pernent and 100 pernent in urine samples respectively. These results support optional use of oral fluid and urine that, with slight modifications in the diagnostic system, can be applied for HIV-1 antibody confirmation testing.
Assuntos
Humanos , Diagnóstico , HIV-1 , Saliva , UrinaRESUMO
The objective of this report was to evaluate oral fluid and urine as optional samples for HIV-1 confirmatory test using DAVIH-BLOT system (Laboratorios DAVIH, La Habana, Cuba), for which they were compared with their corresponding serum samples in a group of 125 individuals. In band pattern analysis, predominant antibodies in positives oral fluid and urine samples against p34, p68, gp41, gp120, were no different from their corresponding sera according to the proportion comparison test (p < 0,001). Relative sensitivity and specificity of this system were 100% in oral fluid and 98, 75% and 100% in urine samples respectively. These results support optional use of oral fluid and urine that, with slight modifications in the diagnostic system, can be applied for HIV-1 antibody confirmation testing.