RESUMO
Papaya crop is important to Brazilian agribusiness. However, the expansion of papaya cultivation in the country is affected by the absence of commercial cultivars presenting good disease resistance. The black-spot caused by the fungus Asperisporium caricae is the most damaging foliar disease affecting Brazilian papaya crops. The use of genetically resistant cultivars is a promising strategy to reduce the dependence of papaya crops on fungicides. A field split-plot experiment was carried out in the municipality of Linhares, Espírito Santo State, and included 20 hybrids derived from the cross between 14 superior lines and four elite genotypes ('SS72/12', 'SEKATI', 'JS/12' and '41/7'), two commercial cultivars ('Golden' and 'Tainung 01'), and the superior line '36/7', which were evaluated for resistance to black-spot in the fruits and leaves. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with six repetitions of three plants per plot. The incidence and severity of black spot in the fruits and leaves were evaluated at three different times in the 2015-2016 crop season. Lines 4, 9, 21, and the parent SEKATI were notable for their capacity to reduce disease severity in the leaves and fruits. Lines 1, 2, 9, 16, and 19, and the parents 'SEKATI' and 'SS-72/12' had reduced disease incidence in their fruits. The most resistant hybrids 'SS-72/12 X 4', 'SS-72/12 X 6', 'SEKATI X 1', 'SEKATI X 2', 'SEKATI X 6', 'SEKATI X 9', and 'SEKATI X 20' presented negative heterosis values for improved black-spot resistance. The current study allowed the selection of black-spot resistant genotypes and hybrids, which presented a significantly reduced disease index in the field.
Assuntos
Carica/genética , Produtos Agrícolas/genética , Resistência à Doença/genética , Melhoramento Vegetal/métodos , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Ascomicetos/fisiologia , Brasil , Carica/microbiologia , Produtos Agrícolas/microbiologia , Frutas/genética , Frutas/microbiologia , Genótipo , Vigor Híbrido/genética , Hibridização Genética , Endogamia , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Folhas de Planta/genética , Folhas de Planta/microbiologia , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
The aims of this in vitro study were to compare the combination of FOTI and visual inspection to other diagnostic methods for the detection and evaluation of the depth of occlusal caries and assess the effect of stain on diagnostic performance. Five diagnostic methods (combined FOTI/Visual (CFV), Visual, FOTI, DIAGNOdent and Electrical Caries Monitor) were considered. Histological validation was performed in the 152 occlusal molar sites (111 teeth) using 350-microm sections and a stereomicroscope. The rank correlation coefficients with histology ranged from 0.42 (DIAGNOdent) to 0.66 (CFV). The area under the ROC curves (AUC) for enamel lesions ranged from 0.82 (ECM) to 0.88 (CFV) and from 0.81 (DIAGNOdent) to 0.91 (CFV) for dentine lesions. The AUC at the dentine level for CFV and FOTI were similar (p > 0.05), but the AUC for CFV was significantly greater than for visual (p < 0.001), DIAGNOdent (p = 0.005) and the ECM (p = 0.04). FOTI was found to be particularly useful for the detection of dentine lesions. The exclusion of stain and brown spot lesions improved performance for all methods. It is concluded that CFV is useful for the determination of occlusal lesion depth and that in the presence of stain and brown spot lesions different cut-off points may be required for the ECM and DIAGNOdent to identify dentine lesions.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/diagnóstico , Área Sob a Curva , Testes de Atividade de Cárie Dentária , Esmalte Dentário/patologia , Dentina/patologia , Impedância Elétrica , Eletrodiagnóstico , Tecnologia de Fibra Óptica , Fluorescência , Humanos , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Curva ROC , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Descoloração de Dente/diagnósticoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to compare the performance of fibre-optic transillumination (FOTI), visual inspection and bite-wing radiographs to detect occlusal caries and estimate the lesion depth. Fifty-nine extracted molars were assessed using FOTI and visual examination by 4 trained examiners and 1 examiner evaluated the bite-wing radiographs. Histological validation was performed using 250-microm sections examined with a stereomicroscope. For the three methods, the correlation between the lesion depth and the histological scores varied from 0.65 to 0.73. For dentinal caries detection, the areas under ROC curves ranged from 0.83 to 0.87. The radiographic method was poor at detecting lesions confined to enamel. FOTI, visual inspection and radiographs showed a good correlation with the histology but had difficulty in distinguishing lesions located deep in enamel or in the outer third of dentine. FOTI was shown to be as accurate as a detailed visual inspection in detecting occlusal caries.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/diagnóstico , Radiografia Interproximal , Transiluminação , Cárie Dentária/diagnóstico por imagem , Cárie Dentária/patologia , Esmalte Dentário/diagnóstico por imagem , Esmalte Dentário/patologia , Dentina/diagnóstico por imagem , Dentina/patologia , Tecnologia de Fibra Óptica , Humanos , Microtomia , Dente Molar/diagnóstico por imagem , Dente Molar/patologia , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Curva ROC , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this study was to consider the association between water fluoride levels and caries prevalence in three Brazilian populations. METHODS: A total of 457 6-12-year-old lifetime residents from three economically deprived groups with 2-3, 0.7, and less than 0.01 ppm F in their water supplies were examined. Dental caries was recorded on permanent upper central incisors and first molars and all primary teeth (dmft). RESULTS: There was a significant trend (P < 01) for the mean dmft to decrease with increasing levels of fluoride in the drinking water. Caries experience in the six permanent teeth was significantly lower (P < 01) in the area with 0.7 ppm F than in the other two groups For the 2-3 ppm F group significantly more caries was found in subjects with higher TF scores (P < 05). CONCLUSION: Optimization of fluoride levels in the drinking water remains a valuable dental public health measure in Brazil.