RESUMO
Resumen Introducción: Las personas con diabetes e hipertensión experimentan con mayor frecuencia sintomatología depresiva, lo cual contribuye a un inadecuado automanejo de la enfermedad, que implica tareas como: la toma de la medicación, asistir a las consultas médicas, el conocimiento de signos y síntomas, además de la toma de decisiones. Objetivo: Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo es identificar la relación entre automanejo en general y sus dimensiones con síntomas depresivos en personas con diabetes e hipertensión. Método: Estudio transversal-correlacional con n=205 pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes (100) e hipertensión (105). Muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva y r de Pearson. Se aplicaron los instrumentos Partners in Health (PIH) y The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). Resultados: Se encontró correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la sintomatología depresiva y el automanejo (r=-0.308 ρ<0.001). Discusión y Conclusiones: Se concluye que la sintomatología depresiva se relaciona con el automanejo de la enfermedad de la siguiente manera: a mayor automanejo menor sintomatología de depresión, o a mayor sintomatología depresiva menor automanejo; dicha relación confirma que ambas variables se afectan mutuamente y/o mantienen una relación estrecha.
Abstract Introduction: Persons with diabetes and hypertension frequently suffer from depression as well, a situation which contributes to an inadequate management of the condition in terms of medication, medical consultations, signs, and decision making. Objective: To identify the relationship between general self-management and depression symptoms in persons with diabetes and hypertension. Method: This is a transversal and correlational study with a sample of 205 patients, 100 with a main diagnosis of diabetes, and 105 with a main diagnosis of hypertension. The sampling process was non-probabilistic and by convenience. Descriptive statistics, including Pearson's r were calculated. The Partners in Health (PIH) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) instruments were administered. Results: A statistically significant correlation between depression symptoms and diabetes and hypertension self-management was found (r=-0.308 ρ<0.001). Discussion and conclusions: Depression symptoms were related to how diabetes and hypertension are self-managed in a way that, the more self-management, the less depression symptoms, or the more depression symptoms, the less self-management.
Resumo Introdução: As pessoas com diabetes e hipertensão experimentam com maior frequência a sintomatologia depressiva, o qual contribui a um inadequado automanejo da doença, que envolve tarefas como: a toma da medicação, assistir às consultas médicas, o conhecimento de signos e sintomas, além da toma de decisões. Objetivo: Pelo anterior, o objetivo deste trabalho é identificar a relação entre automanejo em geral e suas dimensões com sintomas depressivos em pessoas com diabetes e hipertensão. Método: Estudo transversal-correlacional com n=205 pacientes com diagnóstico de diabetes (100) e hipertensão (105). Amostragem não probabilística por conveniência. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e r de Pearson. Aplicaram-se os instrumentos Partners in Health (PIH) e The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). Resultados: Encontrou-se correlação estatisticamente significativa entre a sintomatologia depressiva e o automanejo (r=-0.308 ρ<0.001). Discussão e Conclusões: Conclui-se que a sintomatologia depressiva relaciona-se com o automanejo da doença da seguinte maneira: a maior automanejo, menor sintomatologia de depressão, ou a maior sintomatologia depressiva, menor automanejo; esta relação confirma que ambas variáveis afetam-se mutuamente e/ou mantem uma relação estreita.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lentigo maligna/lentigo maligna melanoma (LM/LMM) poses a treatment and surgical challenge given unpredictable subclinical extension resulting in incomplete excision. OBJECTIVES: To describe the demographic, clinical and pathologic characteristics of incompletely excised LM/LMM. To evaluate the potential role of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of a melanoma database at a tertiary cancer centre for patients referred with 'incompletely excised LM/LMM' or 'incompletely excised melanoma' between October 2006 and July 2017. We recorded clinical and pathological data and surgical margins needed to clear the residual LM/LMM. The second part consisted of a prospective cohort of patients in which RCM was performed when presenting with incompletely excised LM/LMM. RESULTS: We included a total of 67 patients (retrospective + prospective cohort); mean age was 64.9 (standard deviation: 11.3) years and 52.2% were males. For the retrospective cohort (n = 53), the mean scar size was 3.4 cm. The average initial margins excised prior to presentation were 4.8 mm (range 3-7 mm). The average additional margin needed to clear the residual, incompletely excised LM/LMM was 7.8 mm. For the prospective cohort (n = 14), there were no differences in age, gender or size when compared to the retrospective cohort. RCM had a diagnostic accuracy of 78.6%, a sensitivity of 90.9%, a specificity of 33.3% and a positive predictive value of 83.3% for the detection of incompletely excised LM/LMM. CONCLUSIONS: Incompletely excised LM/LMM is a poorly characterized clinical-pathological scenario that may require considerable extra margins for microscopic clearance. RCM may emerge as a valuable tool for the evaluation of patients with incompletely excised LM/LMM.
Assuntos
Sarda Melanótica de Hutchinson , Melanoma , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Sarda Melanótica de Hutchinson/diagnóstico por imagem , Sarda Melanótica de Hutchinson/cirurgia , Masculino , Melanoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Melanoma/cirurgia , Microscopia Confocal , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Cutâneas/cirurgiaRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: Dado el carácter prioritario de atención a las enfermedades no transmisibles, la Organización Mundial de la Salud propuso el Modelo de Cuidados Crónicos. En este modelo incluye el automanejo como un elemento principal en el combate de dichas enfermedades. Objetivo: Identificar las variables predictoras del comportamiento de automanejo en usuarios con Diabetes Mellitus, Hipertensión Arterial y Obesidad. Métodos: La muestra no probabilística e intencional fue de 386 usuarios de la Secretaría de Salud de Tamaulipas (Ciudad Victoria y Tampico). El diseño de estudio fue no experimental, transversal. Resultados: casi la mitad (42.2%) de los participantes con ECNT refieren síntomas de trastorno depresivo en el continuo de leve a grave, la categoría que obtuvo mayor porcentaje de IMC fue sobrepeso con 33.2% y más de un tercio de la población (36.8%) percibe algún grado de disfunción familiar. Así también se aplicó un análisis de Regresión Lineal Múltiple con el método de pasos, el modelo indica que fueron siete predictores del comportamiento de Automanejo (varianza explicada R2=.325); la variable autoeficacia fue el más importante (β=38) y el apoyo social percibido el predictor con carga más baja (β=.10). Conclusiones: estos predictores representan elementos importantes para ampliar el conocimiento y entender el comportamiento del automanejo, área que es promovida en el modelo de atención a crónicos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y en la actualidad es liderada por el área de enfermería.
Abstract Introduction: Considering the priority regarding the attention of non transmissible diseases, the World Health Organization proposed the Chronic Care Model which, by encompassing self-management as one main element, is intended to address these diseases. Objective: To identify predictor variables related to behavior on self-management among patients with Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, and Obesity. Methods: The intentional and non probabilistic simple included 386 patients from the Health Secretariat in Tamaulipas, Mexico (Ciudad Victoria and Tampico). The study design was non experimental and transversal. Results: About half (42.2%) of the participants with Chronic Non Transmissible diseases referred having depressive disorder ranging from mild to severe. Regarding the BMI, 33.2% showed overweight. Moreover, 36.8% perceived some degree of family dysfunction. A Multiple Linear Regression was calculated. The model indicated that there were seven predictors of the behavior on self-management (explained variance R2 =.325); being self-efficacy the most important (β=38), and perceived social support the lowest in load (β=.10). Conclusions: These predictors represent important elements to consider when building on the knowledge and understanding the behavior related to self-management, an area which is highlighted in the Chronic Care Model of the World Health Organization, particularly within nursing.
Resumo Introdução: Dado o caráter prioritário de atenção às doenças não transferíveis, a Organização Mundial da Saúde propôs o Modelo de Cuidados Crônicos. Neste modelo inclui-se o automanejo como um elemento principal no combate de tais doenças. Objetivo: identificar as variáveis preditoras do comportamento de automanejo em usuários com Diabetes Mellitus, Hipertensão Arterial e Obesidade. Métodos: A amostra não probabilística e intencional foi de 386 usuários da Secretaría de Salud de Tamaulipas (Ciudad Victoria e Tampico). O desenho de estudo foi não experimental, transversal. Resultados: quase a metade (42.2%) dos participantes com ECNT referem sintomas de transtorno depressivo no continuo de leve a grave, a categoria que obteve maior porcentagem de IMC foi sobrepeso com 33.2% e mais de um terço da população (36.8%) percebe algum grau de disfunção familiar. Assim também se aplicou uma análise de Regressão Linear Múltipla com o método de passos, o modelo indica que foram sete preditores do comportamento de Automanejo (variância explicada R 2 =.325); a variável autoeficácia foi a mais importante (β=38) no apoio social percebido e o preditor com carga mais baixa (β=.10). Conclusões: estes preditores representam elementos importantes para ampliar o conhecimento e entender o comportamento de automanejo, área que é promovida no modelo de atenção a crônicos da Organização Mundial da Saúde e na atualidade é liderada pela área de enfermagem.
RESUMO
Resumen Introducción: Conocer en detalle la inervación interna del músculo temporal humano permite realizar múltiples técnicas quirúrgicas y tratamientos de patologías que involucran al territorio craneofacial. Si bien en la literatura se ha descrito la inervación interna del músculo temporal humano basado en micro-disección directa, la técnica de tinción de Sihler es una herramienta ventajosa para el estudio anatómico ya que permite observar ramos nerviosos pequeños sin perder su relación tridimensional con las fibras musculares. Objetivo: Describir la distribución nerviosa al interior del músculo temporal humano en cadáveres al aplicar el método de Sihler y analizar su asociación anátomo quirúrgica. Materiales y Método: Ocho músculos temporales humanos previamente disecados fueron sometidos al método de tinción de Sihler. Cada una de las muestras se observó bajo lupa estereoscópica y transiluminación; finalmente para su descripción se dividió al músculo en tres regiones. Resultados: Se determinó la presencia de tres troncos nerviosos principales: el temporal profundo anterior, el temporal profundo medio y temporal profundo posterior, los que discurren de profundo a superficial. Además, se observaron ramos colaterales de menor calibre del nervio temporal profundo posterior que en forma de arco comunican las tres regiones del músculo. Conclusión: Se describió una distribución nerviosa interna común para los músculos estudiados en las tres dimensiones del espacio, conocimiento útil para innovar en terapias clínico-quirúrgicas del territorio craneofacial.
Introduction: Knowing in detail the inner innervation of the human temporal muscle allows to perform multiple surgical techniques and treatments of pathologies that involve the craniofacial territory. Although the internal innervation of the human temporal muscle based on direct microdissection has been described in the literature, the Sihler staining technique is an advantageous tool for anatomical study since it allows observing small nerve branches without losing its three-dimensional relationship with muscle fibers. Aim: To describe the nervous distribution within the human temporal muscle in cadavers by applying the Sihler method and analyzing its surgical anatomical association. Materials and Method: Eight previously dissected human temporal muscles were subjected to the Sihler staining method. Each one of the samples was observed under stereoscopic magnification and transillumination, finally for its description the muscle was divided into three regions. Results: The presence of three main nervous trunks was determined: the anterior deep temporal, the deep medium temporal and the posterior deep temporal, those that run from deep to superficial. In addition, collateral branches of lesser caliber of the posterior deep temporal nerve that in the form of an arc communicate the three regions of the muscle were observed. Conclusion: A common internal nervous distribution was described for the muscles studied in the three dimensions of space, useful knowledge to innovate in clinical-surgical therapies of the craniofacial territory.
Assuntos
Humanos , Músculo Temporal/fisiopatologia , Músculo Temporal/diagnóstico por imagem , Rede Nervosa , Músculo Temporal/cirurgia , Anormalidades Craniofaciais/patologia , Vias NeuraisRESUMO
Abstract: In neuroimaging, brain tissue segmentation is a fundamental part of the techniques that seek to automate the detection of pathologies, the quantification of tissues or the evaluation of the progress of a treatment. Because of its wide availability, lower cost than other imaging techniques, fast execution and proven efficacy, Non-contrast Cerebral Computerized Tomography (NCCT) is the most used technique in emergency room for neuroradiology examination, however, most research on brain segmentation focuses on MRI due to the inherent difficulty of brain tissue segmentation in NCCT. In this work, three brain tissues were characterized: white matter, gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid in NCCT images. Feature extraction of these structures was made based on the radiological attenuation index denoted by the Hounsfield Units using fuzzy logic techniques. We evaluated the classification of each tissue in NCCT images and quantified the feature extraction technique in synthetic images from real tissues with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 96% for images from cases with slice thickness of 1 mm, and 96% and 98% respectively for those of 1.5 mm, demonstrating the ability of the method as feature extractor of brain tissues.
Resumen: En neuroimagen, la segmentación de tejidos cerebrales es una parte fundamental de las técnicas que buscan automatizar la detección de patologías, la cuantificación de tejidos o la evaluación del progreso de un tratamiento. Debido a su amplia disponibilidad, menor costo que otras técnicas de imagen, rápida ejecución y eficacia probada, la tomografía computarizada cerebral sin contraste (TCNC) es la técnica mayormente utilizada en emergencias para el examen neurorradiológico, sin embargo, la dificultad inherente que representa la segmentación de los tejidos cerebrales, hace que la mayoría de las investigaciones sobre la segmentación del cerebro se centren en la resonancia magnética. En este trabajo se realizó la caracterización de tres tejidos cerebrales: sustancia blanca, sustancia gris y líquido cefalorraquídeo en imágenes TCNC. Dichas estructuras fueron caracterizadas con base en el índice de atenuación radiológica denotadas por las Unidades Hounsfield utilizando técnicas de lógica difusa. Se evaluó la caracterización de cada tejido en diversos cortes de TCNC y se cuantificó la técnica de extracción de características en imágenes sintéticas a partir de tejidos reales con una sensibilidad de 92% y una especificidad de 96% para tejidos en cortes de 1 mm de grosor y 96% y 98% para los de 1.5 mm demostrando la habilidad del método como extractor de características de los tejidos cerebrales.
RESUMO
Cannabis sativa (marihuana) is considered an illicit drug due to its psychoactive properties. Recently, the Chilean government opened to the use cannabis in the symptomatic treatment of some patients. The biological effects of cannabis render it useful for the complementary treatment of specific clinical situations such as chronic pain. We retrieved scientific information about the analgesic properties of cannabis, using it as a safe drug. The drug may block or inhibit the transmission of nervous impulses at different levels, an effect associated with pain control. Within this context and using adequate doses, forms and administration pathways, it can be used for chronic pain management, considering its effectiveness and low cost. It could also be considered as an alternative in patients receiving prolonged analgesic therapies with multiple adverse effects.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Cannabis/química , Dor Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Chile , HumanosRESUMO
Cannabis sativa (marihuana) is considered an illicit drug due to its psychoactive properties. Recently, the Chilean government opened to the use cannabis in the symptomatic treatment of some patients. The biological effects of cannabis render it useful for the complementary treatment of specific clinical situations such as chronic pain. We retrieved scientific information about the analgesic properties of cannabis, using it as a safe drug. The drug may block or inhibit the transmission of nervous impulses at different levels, an effect associated with pain control. Within this context and using adequate doses, forms and administration pathways, it can be used for chronic pain management, considering its effectiveness and low cost. It could also be considered as an alternative in patients receiving prolonged analgesic therapies with multiple adverse effects.
Assuntos
Humanos , Cannabis/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Dor Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , ChileRESUMO
El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer una revisión bibliográfica del tema, con el fin de actualizar los conocimientos relativos al mismo, considerando las variables involucradas y presentar una propuesta de línea de investigación, ya que como señalan algunos autores la edad pediátrica es una etapa de crecimiento rápido, desarrollo, de múltiples aptitudes en los campos de las áreas motoras, de la inteligencia, del lenguaje, de la personalidad y de la emocionalidad, por lo que constituye una edad crucial que requiere ser atendida eficazmente en la prevención de sus múltiples aspectos. La Organización Mundial de la Salud, (OMS), ha incrementado las recomendaciones epidemiológicas en los últimos años a este grupo poblacional, además los signos y síntomas de la mucosa bucal de los infantes pueden cambiar con la edad y son a menudo diferentes a las del adulto. Metodología: Se revisaron 34 publicaciones en revistas especializadas, todas referidas a escolares con edades comprendidas entre 6 y 14 años, aunque algunos se refieren a edades puntuales. Resultados: las patologías de los adolescentes difieren de la de los adultos, aunque existen pocas referencias; no hay acción definida en los planes y proyectos nacionales ni regionales para esta población; la mayoría de las patologías que ocurren en la cavidad bucal de esta población, son relativamente inocuas, no necesitan tratamiento, presentándose de forma asintomática y limitándose al desarrollo cronológico del niño. Conclusión: definir una línea de investigación, e incorporar la población de niños, niñas y adolescentes, por cuanto en Venezuela y América Latina, la investigación en esta área es limitada
The goal is to make a literature review of the subject, in order to update the knowledge relating to the subject, considering the variables involved and submit a proposal for a line of research, as some authors point out the Pediatric is rapid growth, development of multiple skills in the fields of motor areas, intelligence, language, personality and emotionality, for what constitutes a crucial age requiring to be dealt with effectively in the prevention of its multiple aspects. The World Health Organization, (who), the epidemiological recommendations has increased in recent years to this population group, also the signs and symptoms of the buccal mucosa of infants can change with age and are often different from the adult. Methodology: We reviewed 34 publications in specialized magazines, all relating to school children aged between 6 and 14 years old, although some refer to specific ages. Results: pathologies of adolescents differ from that of adults, although there are few references; There is no action defined in the plans and national and regional projects for this population; the majority of diseases that occur in the oral cavity of this population, are relatively harmless, do not need treatment, presenting of asymptomatic form and limited to the chronological development of the child. Conclusion: define a line of research, and to incorporate the population of children and adolescents, as in Venezuela and Latin America, research in this area is limited
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Odontologia Geral , Mucosa Bucal/patologia , Patologia Bucal , OdontopediatriaRESUMO
Manual acupuncture (MA) has presented analgesic activity against neuropathic pain in patients and animal models, yet a series of questions remain: Is MA effectiveness dependent of acupoint selection or combination? Is it equally efficient when treatment starts on the initial (acute) or sub-chronic phase of spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced neuropathy? Is MA effect related to the release of endogenous opioids? Does MA produce similar effects to gabapentin? To answer these questions rats submitted to the L5/L6 SNL injury were treated with unilateral MA (ST36 (Zusanli), SP6 (Sanyingjiao) or ST36+SP6 acupoint stimulation); or with gabapentin (30 mg/kg i.p., used as positive control). Both acupoints have been demonstrated to present analgesic activity and are used in clinical practice and basic science research. In addition, we investigated the influence of naloxone (1 mg/kg i.p., a nonselective opioid receptor antagonist) on MA treatment and also the effect of unilateral ST36+SP6 MA treatment beginning acutely (5 days) or sub-chronically (14 days) after SNL. Our results demonstrate that single or combined unilateral stimulation was able to reduce mechanical hypersensitivity with treatment beginning in both acute and sub-chronic phases of SNL-induced neuropathy; MA effect was blocked by naloxone, and finally; SP6+ST36 MA presented similar effect to gabapentin (30 mg/kg). In conclusion, our results demonstrate, for the first time, that unilateral MA (ST36, SP6 or ST36+SP6) reduces hypersensitivity induced by the SNL with effect dependent of the opioid system and comparable with the one obtained with gabapentin (used as positive control).
Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura/métodos , Hiperalgesia/reabilitação , Manipulações Musculoesqueléticas/métodos , Limiar da Dor/fisiologia , Nervos Espinhais/fisiopatologia , Pontos de Acupuntura , Aminas , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Análise de Variância , Animais , Ácidos Cicloexanocarboxílicos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Gabapentina , Hiperalgesia/tratamento farmacológico , Hiperalgesia/etiologia , Ligadura/métodos , Masculino , Naloxona/farmacologia , Antagonistas de Entorpecentes/farmacologia , Neuralgia/complicações , Neuralgia/tratamento farmacológico , Neuralgia/patologia , Medição da Dor , Limiar da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de Tempo , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Heap leaching is an effective and widely used method of recovering metals from low-grade ores. However, the heap leaching technique has not yet been used in other biotechnological processes such as bioremediation. This work describes biostimulation of the native microbial consortium as a novel application of the heap leaching technique to bioremediate mining soils contaminated with hydrocarbons. Microorganisms present in the polluted soil were isolated in a liquid mineral solution using diesel fuel as the sole energy and carbon source. Biodegradation activity was evaluated and two genera, Flavobacterium and Aspergillus, were identified as the primary microorganisms that degraded hydrocarbons in the polluted soil. In order to simulate the heap leaching process on a laboratory scale, using both columns and piles, the contaminated soil was mixed with different sand concentrations and was agglomerated before it was used. Three flow rates, of the mineral solution, were evaluated. Of the rates tested, biodegradation was most efficient at a flow rate of 200 ml h(-1). The heap leaching technique demonstrated good efficiency in the column and pile, with a 2% soil-sand mixture lowering the TPH concentration from 61,000 to 1800 mg kg(-1) (98.5%) in 15 d.
Assuntos
Aspergillus/metabolismo , Biodegradação Ambiental , Flavobacterium/metabolismo , Hidrocarbonetos/metabolismo , Poluentes do Solo/metabolismo , Reatores Biológicos , Hidrocarbonetos/química , Mineração , Poluentes do Solo/química , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The variables were analyzed longitudinal anthropometric that measures the dimension and corporal composition of students of the first Stage of Basic Education of the Educative of the Grand Colombia Educational Unit. The analyzed variables they were: Age, Sex, Weight (W), Height (H), Circumference (AC), Index of Corporal Mass (CMI), cutaneous fold: Triceps (TrP) and Subescapular (SeP), Muscular Area (AM) and fatty Area (FA). 141 children were evaluated with age of beginning to the 6 and 8 years with pursuit of four annual measurements. It was applied a sampling stratified random with equal afijación. The scholars were measured following the techniques established and accepted internationally he stops such aim. One settled down as point of cut between percentiles 10 and 90. Used values of reference were those of the Cross-sectional Study of Caracas (ETC) and of the Longitudinal Study of Caracas (CSCMA). In the analysis longitudinal it was applied to the method "Tracking" and the statistical Kappa in order to determine the channel of growth in each boy and the speed was evaluated of growth of the students. In the four evaluated groups, W and the H have biggest trackng indices with respect to the others variables. The tracking index was constant (Kappa = 0.25) for all the variables and all the groups, opposite situation to the global Kappa, as it was located in the category of "G ood" (Kappa = 0.40 to 0.75) for the W and H in all the groups of evaluated scholars. The AC in the girls of both series of ages and in CMI, only in the girls with follow-up at 6 years canalization is observed "Good". One stayed in "Low" (Kappa = < 0,40) in all the sample of students the TrP, SeP, MA and FA. Variables of corporal dimension register good canalization, unlike the variables that measure corporal composition, which are located in loss canalization. The girls of both groups register greater speed of growth in Weight that the boys. The values of the average in the W and H, in evaluated students, end speed (S3) he is superior to initial speed (S1), therefore, the speed of growth it increases with the age. The maximum speed of growth is registered in the S3. In the evaluated students the variables that better they canalize are those of corporal dimension, is inferred, that corresponds to a growth pattern hoped.
Assuntos
Composição Corporal , Tamanho Corporal , Estatura , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Criança , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Valores de Referência , Fatores Sexuais , Dobras Cutâneas , Venezuela/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Se evaluó el efecto tóxico agudo del aceite de Plukenetia volúbilis (Sacha Inchi), determinando la Dosis Letal -50 (DL50) en 42 ratones de la cepa Nish, distribuidos en siete grupos de seis ratones cada uno, a los cuales se les administró, vía oral, dosis crecientes del aceite. Para evaluar el efecto hipolipemiante utilizamos 55 ratas albinas machos de la raza Holtzman, con un peso entre 194 g y 290 g y dos meses de edad. Se utilizó una dieta con 15 por ciento de grasas saturadas para elevar los lípidos séricos durante todo el tiempo del experimento. Utilizamos tres dosis diferentes de aceite de Sacha Inti, administradas durante 14 días consecutivos, comparando sus efectos con un control positivo (Lovastatina) y un control negativo (SF). Se controló el peso de los animales y los valores de colesterol, HDL y triglicéridos sanguíneos en tres tiempos diferentes. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el programa STATA 8.2. La DL50 fue de 111,65 mg/kg; hubo una reducción significativa de los valores sanguíneos de triglicéridos y LDL, mas no de colesterol y peso de los animales.
The acute toxic of Plukenetia volúbilis (Sacha Inchi) oil was evaluated. We calculated the Medial Lethal Dose (DL50) on 42 mice of the Nish strain, distributed in seven groups of six mice each, to whom a different and increasing dose was administered by oral route. To determine the hypolipidemic effect, we used 55 male albino rats of the Holtzman breed, whose weight fluctuateed between 194 and 290 g. The animals were fed with 15% of a saturateed fat diet for 14 days to produce hyperlipidemia during the whole period of the experiment. Treatment with Sacha Inchi oil in three different doses during 14 consecutive days was compared to the effects of a positive (lovastatine) and a negative control (physiological serum). The weight, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, and triglycerides, were controlled in three different periods of time. Statistics analysis was made using the STATA 8.2 program. The DL50 was detrmined at 111,65 mg/Kg and the level of tryclicerides and LDL were statistically reduced, but not the cholesterol values or the animals' weight.
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Camundongos , Ratos , Óleos de Plantas/toxicidade , Dose Letal Mediana , Euphorbiaceae/toxicidade , Plantas Medicinais/toxicidade , Ratos Sprague-Dawley/metabolismo , Testes de Toxicidade AgudaRESUMO
This study compares the levels of specific antibodies IgM and IgA for Chagas in samples of blood from newborns. Three groups of cord blood samples have been analysed: a group of 42 samples from newborns, displaying positive parasitemia, of seropositive mothers (M+B+), 68 samples from newborns with negative parasitemia whose mothers were seropositive (M+B-) and a group of 45 control newborns coming from mothers with negative serology for Chagas. From the 42 M+B+ samples with congenital Chagas disease, 81 and 82.9% displayed detectable levels of IgM and IgA antibodies, respectively In the M+B- group, 70.6 and 33.8% presented antibodies of IgM and IgA classes, respectively, whereas in the control group M-B-, we detected 6% and 11.1% of IgM and IgA antibodies, respectively. The calculated sensitivity of detection of congenital cases using IgM or IgA antibodies was of 82.9% and 80.9% respectively, whereas the specificity of detection was of 29.4% for IgM antibodies and of 66.1% for IgA antibodies.
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Doença de Chagas/congênito , Doença de Chagas/diagnóstico , Imunoglobulina A/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doença de Chagas/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
We have analyzed the response to the treatment with benznidazol in newborns and nurslings in the Hospital Materno Infantil Germán Urquidi of Cochabamba, Bolivia, between 1999 and 2002. It is important an integral treatment of the nursling with a subsequent information directed to the family. The response was close to 100% when the treatment was correctly administrated. They were not adverse effects and the detected biochemical alterations did not present clinical significance.
Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Doença de Chagas/congênito , Doença de Chagas/tratamento farmacológico , Nitroimidazóis/uso terapêutico , Tripanossomicidas/uso terapêutico , Protocolos Clínicos , Assistência Integral à Saúde , Doença de Chagas/sangue , Família , Seguimentos , Cooperação do Paciente , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
El entorno social es un factor condicionante del estado nutricional, en particular en grupos vulnerables. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el estado nutricional de escolares y la condición socieconómica de su grupo familiar. Se evaluaron 535 escolares, entre 5 y 12 años, matriculados en la unidad educativa Gran Colombia, años escolar 1995-96. Se determinó el estado nutricional a través del diagnóstico presuntivo por combinación de indicadores (P-E;P-T y T-E), el índice de Masa Corporal, Area Grasa y Muscular, los resultados se comararon con valores de referencia nacional e internacional. La estratificación social se midió utilizando el método Graffar modificado. En antropometría nutricional se encontró para los primeros años de edad escolar, un comportamiento similar a los valores de referencia del Estudio Transversal de Caracas y del NCHS, al avanzar hay una brecha a favor de éstos últimos. Más del 75 por ciento se encuentran dentro de la Norma, 8 por ciento con Sobrepeso y el resto con Desnutrición. Las familias de los niños evaluados, se ubicaron en los estratos III (21,12 por ciento), IV (40,56 por ciento) y V (38,32 por ciento). Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el diagnóstico nutricional y el estrato social (X² = 14,11 y p = 0,01). Se concluye, que el comportamiento de los valores de la antropometría nutricional fueron esperados, así como al asociarlo con la Estratificación social
Assuntos
Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Antropometria , Desoxigenação Nitrogenada , Estado Nutricional , Alimentação Escolar , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Ciências da Nutrição , PediatriaRESUMO
We have isolated and purified two cysteine proteinases of molecular weights 25 and 26 kDa, secreted by Fasciola hepatica adult worm. Their 15 N-terminal residues were found to be identical to those of earlier described cathepsin L-like enzymes, isolated from the same source, reported as CL1 and CL2. Radioimmunoassay experiments have shown that these CL1- (25 kDa) and CL2-like (26 kDa) cysteine proteinases mediated kinin release from high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK). Lys-bradykinin (KRPPGFSPFR) was characterized as the kinin released from a synthetic fragment of HMWK from Leu373 to Ile393 (Abz-LGMISLMKRPPGFSPFRSSRI-NH2) labeled with the fluorescent group Abz (ortho-aminobenzoic acid). We examined the activity of CL1- and CL2-like on internally quenched fluorescent peptides containing HMWK sequences, in which Met379-Lys380 or Arg389-Ser390 bonds were present in the middle of the molecules. These peptides were flanked by the fluorescent donor-acceptor pair Abz and EDDnp (N-[2,4-dinitrophenyl] ethylenediamine). Peptidyl-methylcoumarin amides (MCA) were used to study the substrate specificity requirements. The enzymes presented significantly lower Km values at pH 8.0. The inverse was observed with the kcat values, which were higher at pH 5.0.
Assuntos
Cisteína Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Fasciola hepatica/enzimologia , Calicreínas/metabolismo , Amidas , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Cisteína Endopeptidases/genética , Cisteína Endopeptidases/isolamento & purificação , Hidrólise , Cininogênio de Alto Peso Molecular/metabolismo , Cininas/metabolismo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Coloração e Rotulagem , Especificidade por Substrato , ortoaminobenzoatosRESUMO
Es un estudio prospectivo y longitudinal en donde el objetivo fue identificar al agente etiológico e incidencia de onicomicosis pedis dentro de una población cautiva, de ambos sexos, de 17 a 23 años en personal militar en formación. Se seleccionó pacientes de acuerdo a criterios clínicos establecidos con sospecha clínica de onicomicosis. Se realizó la toma de muestras por raspado, observación directa con KOH al 10 por ciento, cultivo en Agar. Sabouraudy Mycobiotic. De 412 personas evaluadas 178 (43.2 por ciento) fueron clínicamente diagnósticados como onicomicosis pedis (156 hombres, 22 mujeres). De ellos se tomó muestras para estudio microbiológico a 136 (76.4 por ciento), 68 pacientes (50 por ciento) resultaron positivos al examen directo y el 31.62 por ciento fueron positivos al cultivo. Se aisló levaduras en el 66 por ciento, dermatofitos en el 23 por ciento y mohos no dermatofitos en el 11 por ciento de los cultivos. Los dermatofitos aislados pertenecen al grupo Trichophyton y las levaduras a los géneros candida y rhodotorula. Conclusiones: 1. Sobre el total de la población evaluada, la incidencia de onicomicosis pedis fue 10.4 por ciento. 2. El agente etiológico más frecuente en la población masculina fueron levaduras, mientras que en la femenina fueron dermatofitos. 3. Se confirma que el esfuerzo físico y el tipo de calzado afecta en la incidencia de onicomicosis pedis. 4. Se reporta el hallazgo de un moho no dermatofito en la onicomicosis pedis. Pullularia sp.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Onicomicose/transmissão , Onicomicose/epidemiologia , Arthrodermataceae , Unhas , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos LongitudinaisRESUMO
Las mucinosis constituyen un grupo muy heterogéneo de dermatosis caracterizadas por el depósito anormal de mucina en la dermis (mucinosis dérmica) o en los folículos pilosos o aparato sebáceo (mucinosis folicular). Se presenta el caso de una mujer adulta con mucinosis folicular, acompañada de policondritis recidivante de pabellón auricular, remarcando la importancia del diagnóstico y la remisión espontánea en corto tiempo en ambos casos
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucinose Folicular , Folículo Piloso , Mucinas , Doenças das Glândulas SebáceasRESUMO
The immunodiagnosis of human infections with Fasciola hepatica using purified parasite cysteine proteinases as antigens is reported in this paper. IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with 2 cysteine proteinases of 26 kDa (Fas1) and 25 kDa (Fas2), obtained from the regurgitated material of adult worms, were evaluated with serum samples from 38 patients infected with F. hepatica, from 54 patients with other parasitic infections and from 46 healthy volunteers. The diagnostic sensitivities for detection of F. hepatica infection at a serum dilution of 1 in 500 were 89% and 95% with Fas1 and Fas2 respectively. The specificity of the ELISAs was 98% for Fas1 and 100% for Fas2. IgG ELISA with Fas2 is a highly sensitive and specific assay for the immunodiagnosis of human fascioliasis.