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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of low-cost simulation models to teach surgical techniques for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), included in a multimodal education workshop for PAS. METHODS: This was an observational, survey-based study. Participants were surveyed before and after the use of low-fidelity mannequins to simulate two surgical techniques for PAS (one-step conservative surgery [OSCS] and modified subtotal hysterectomy [MSTH]), within a multimodal educational workshop. The workshops included pre-course preparation, didactics, simulated practice of the techniques using low-cost models, and viewing live surgery. RESULTS: Six OSCS/MSTH training workshops occurred across six countries and a total of 270 participants were surveyed. The responses of 127 certified obstetricians and gynecologists (OB-GYNs) were analyzed. Participants expressed favorable impressions of all components of the simulated session. Perceived anatomical simulator fidelity, scenario realism, educational component effectiveness, and self-assessed performance improvement received ratings of 4-5 (positive end of the Likert scale) from over 90% of respondents. When asked about simulation's role in technique comprehension, comfort level in technique performance, and likelihood of recommending this workshop to others, more than 75% of participants rated these aspects with a score of 4-5 (positively) on the five-point scale. CONCLUSION: Low-cost simulation, within a multimodal education strategy, is a well-accepted intervention for teaching surgical techniques for PAS.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the users' opinion on internal manual aortic compression (IMAC) training, using a low-cost simulation model. METHODS: An educational strategy was designed to teach IMAC, which included: (1) guided reading of educational material and viewing an explanatory video of IMAC; (2) an introductory lecture with the anatomical considerations, documentation of the cessation of femoral arterial flow during IMAC, and real clinical cases in which this procedure was used; and (3) simulated practice of IMAC with a new low-cost manikin. The educational strategy was applied during three postpartum hemorrhage workshops in three Latin American countries and the opinions of the participants were measured with a survey. RESULTS: Almost all of the participants in the IMAC workshop, including the simulation with the low-cost mannikin, highlighted the usefulness of the strategy (scores of 4/5 and 5/5 on the Likert scale) and would recommend it to colleagues. CONCLUSION: We present a low-cost simulation model for IMAC as the basis of an educational strategy perceived as very useful by most participants. The execution of this strategy in other populations and its impact on postpartum hemorrhage management should be evaluated in further studies.

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Evidence for Chagas disease reactivation (CDR) in rheumatologic patients under rheumatologic treatments (RTs) is scarce. To screen and follow-up patients with rheumatic diseases and concomitant Chagas disease under RT to detect CDR and to describe a possible relationship between CDR and specific RT. An observational, longitudinal, prospective, consecutive study was carried out between 2018 and 2020. Included patients were evaluated during the follow-up for clinical and laboratorial manifestations of CDR. Direct blood parasitological examination (Strout method) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were employed to diagnose CDR. The dynamic of anti-T. cruzi-specific antibodies was also assessed by IHA and ELISA (total IgG and Anti-SAPA). Fifty-one patients were included (86% women). Rheumatoid arthritis was the predominant disease (57%). Classic DMARDs (86.3%) and corticosteroids (61%) were the most frequent RT. CDR was developed in 6 patients (11.7%), exhibiting both positive Strout and PCR. Symptomatic reactivation of CD (fever, asthenia, arthralgias, myalgias) occurred in two patients who had previously been diagnosed with it. Regardless of the different RT, all patients who experienced CDR had previously received more than ≥ 20 mg/day of prednisone equivalent. Despite immunosuppression, patients with CDR exhibited increased levels of specific anti-T. cruzi and anti-SAPA antibodies, which decreased after anti-parasitic treatment. CDR is possible in rheumatologic patients, especially after receiving high doses of corticosteroids. Since CDR symptoms may mimic rheumatic disease activity, monitoring of Chagas disease is highly recommended before, during and after immunosuppression. Key Points • Chagas disease reactivation (CDR) in the context of rheumatological treatment was associated to high doses of corticosteroids. • CDR was associated with an increase in anti-T. cruzi antibodies despite the immunosuppressive treatment. • Suspecting and anticipating CDR is mandatory in this patient population to diagnose and treat it.

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Cardiac myxoma is the most common benign tumor of the heart. In most cases, it is in the left atrium, which can generate neurological embolization; that can manifest as an ischemic event, aneurysm formation and less frequently as brain metastases. This is a case report of a 56-year-old male patient with cerebral embolisms secondary to a left cardiac myxoma. In these patients, the role of neurologic imaging is to detect the firsts complications and avoid secondary complications.

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Resumen Introducción: La prevalencia modificada de caries en la primera infancia es de 61,92%, el desconocimiento en salud bucal por parte de cuidadores es una de las causas reportadas. Objetivo: Determinar conocimientos y prácticas de las agentes educativas y condiciones de salud bucal de niños de los hogares comunitarios y Centros de Desarrollo Infantil del Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar de Santa Rosa de Cabal 2016. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. Se aplicó encuestas de caracterización a 198 niños y 20 agentes educativas, de Conocimientos Actitudes y Prácticas e índices odontológicos. Se aplicó estadística univariada y Chi2. Resultados: El 90% de las agentes reconocen la caries como la enfermedad más frecuente, 50% realizan cepillado de los infantes sin utilizar seda dental. Se evidenció prevalencia modificada de caries en 63,6% y promedio de índice O'Leary 61,3%. Existe asociación entre el índice ceo-d (cariados, extraídos, obturados), área de residencia y estrato socioeconómico con valor p<0,05. Conclusiones: Las agentes evidencian vacíos conceptuales que requieren abordaje de educación por parte de odontólogos. El estado de salud bucal de la primera infancia indica un porcentaje por encima de la prevalencia modificada de caries a nivel nacional y el índice O'Leary riesgo de enfermedades bucodentales.

Abstract Introduction: The modified prevalence of caries in early childhood is 61.92%. Ignorance in oral health on the part of caregivers is one of the reported causes. Objective: To determine knowledge and practices of educational agents and oral health conditions of children in community households and child development centers of the Colombian Family Welfare Institute (ICBF) in Santa Rosa de Cabal in 2016. Materials and methods: A quantitative, descriptive and transversal study was made. Characterization surveys were applied to 198 children and 20 educational agents about knowledgeable attitudes and practices and dental indices. Univariate and Chi2 statistics were applied. Results: 90% of the agents recognize caries as the most frequent disease, 50% perform brushing of children without using dental floss. Modified caries prevalence was demonstrated in 63.6% and 61.3% average O'Leary index. There is an association between the CEO-D Index, area of residence and socioeconomic strata with p<0.05 value. Conclusions: Agents demonstrate conceptual gaps that require an education approach by dentists. The state of oral health of early childhood indicates a percentage above the modified prevalence of caries at the national level and the index O'Leary risk of oral diseases.

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Resumen Introducción: Se hizo una caracterización clínica de los pacientes con síncope en un Hospital Universitario en Bogotá. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas de los pacientes con síncope que consultaron al Hospital Militar Central en Bogotá en el período 2012-2015, y analizar la contribución de las ayudas diagnósticas y de las escalas EGSYS y OESIL para orientar el diagnóstico etiológico. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de pacientes mayores de 18 años que ingresaron a urgencias del Hospital Militar Central por síncope; se analizaron características clínicas, estudios solicitados y puntajes de las escalas EGSYS y OESIL. Resultados: Se evaluaron 705 historias clínicas, de las cuales 116 fueron excluidas por datos faltantes; la edad promedio fue 58 años y el 46,52% eran mujeres. El 41,6% tenía hipertensión arterial y el 21% enfermedad cardiaca previa. Según el diagnóstico etiológico, 75% fueron clasificados como síncope no cardiaco, 23% como síncope cardiaco y en 2% no se identificó la etiología. El examen más solicitado fue el electrocardiograma (79%), seguido por troponina (63%) y TAC cerebral (58%). Al aplicar las escalas, 60% de los pacientes tuvo un puntaje menor a 3 (EGSYS) y 2 puntos (OESIL), lo que sugería que eran de etiología no cardiogénica/bajo riesgo de mortalidad respectivamente. Conclusiones: La etiología del síncope en la mayoría de los casos fue no cardiaca. El electrocardiograma debe ser solicitado a todos los pacientes con síncope. El uso rutinario de las escalas de riesgo puede contribuir a disminuir la solicitud de estudios no indicados, optimizar el uso de recursos y reducir los días de hospitalización.

Abstract Introduction: A clinical profile was constructed on patients with syncope in a Bogota University Hospital. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of patients with syncope that were seen in the Hospital Militar Central in Bogota in the period 2012-2015, as well as to analyse the contribution of diagnostic aids and the Evaluation of Guidelines in Syncope Study (EGSYS) and the Lazio epidemiological syncope Observation (OESIL) scores in order to determine the aetiological diagnosis. Methods: A descriptive observational study was performed on patients over 18 years admitted to the Emergency Department of the Hospital Militar Central due to syncope. An analysis was carried out on the clinical characteristics, examinations requested, and the scores on the EGSYS and OESI L scales. Results: A total of 705 clinical histories were evaluated, of which 116 were excluded due to lack of data. The mean age was 58 years, and 46.52% were women. Arterial hypertension was observed in 41.6%, and 21% had a previous heart disease. According to the aetiological diagnosis, 75% were classified as non-cardiac syncope, 23% as cardiac syncope, and 2% of unknown origin. The most requested examination was the electrocardiogram (79%), followed by troponin (63%), and a computed tomography brain scan (58%). On applying the scales, 60% of the patients had a score of less than 3 (EGSYS) and 2 points (OESIL), which suggested that they were of non-cardiogenic origin/low mortality risk, respectively. Conclusions: The origin of syncope in the majority of cases was non-cardiac. An electrocardiogram must be requested on all patients with syncope. The routine use of risk scales can contribute to reducing the number of non-indicated examinations, as well as optimise the use of resources and reduce hospital stay.

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