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Aims and Objectives: Excessive fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in dental students could cause mood disorders, especially if there are factors in the environment that generate feelings of anxiety or uncertainty. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fear of COVID-19 and its association with depression, anxiety, and stress in Peruvian dental students according to their sociodemographic factors. Materials and Methods: This analytical, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted in 398 dental students of a public university in the Peruvian capital during April 2021 to July 2021. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 items was used to diagnose depression, anxiety, and stress. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale was used to detect fear of COVID-19. The Pearson's chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. In addition, a logit model using odds ratio (OR) was performed to evaluate depression, anxiety, and stress of students with the associated factors: fear of COVID-19 and 12 sociodemographic variables (gender, age group, marital status, year of study, origin, companion, living with vulnerable people, history of mental illness, history of COVID-19, loss of close relatives due to COVID-19, occupation, and area of residence). A significance level of P < .05 was considered. In addition, predictive models were developed for the variables depression, anxiety, and stress, considering all possible significant causes. Results: The prevalence of fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, and stress was 19.6%, 36.2%, 40.7%, and 19.6%, respectively. According to the adjusted logit model, students who had fear of COVID-19 had OR = 2.74 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.62-4.64), OR = 5.59 (95% CI: 3.14-9.97), and OR = 3.31 (95% CI: 1.88-5.83) for developing depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. In addition, those who reported history of mental illness were four times more likely to develop depression (OR = 4.02, 95% CI: 1.96-8.25) and anxiety (OR = 4.50, 95% CI: 2.06-9.82), whereas those living with people vulnerable to COVID-19 were twice as likely to develop stress (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.16-3.66). Conclusion: The highest prevalence of mood disorders among dental students was anxiety. In addition, those who were afraid of COVID-19 had three times the probability of developing depression and stress, and five times the probability of developing anxiety. On the other hand, the most influential factor in the development of depression and anxiety was history of mental illness, whereas the factor of living with vulnerable people was the most influential factor in the development of stress.

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Introducción: la presente investigación analítica transversal tuvo como objetivo general determinar la relación entre deglución atípica y mordida abierta con las alteraciones en el desarrollo del lenguaje. Material y método: se consideraron a todos los niños que pertenecían al grupo etario de 6 a 10 años del Centro educativo Nuestra Señora del Consuelo de San Miguel; se realizó un examen clínico para determinar cuántos niños tenían mordida abierta anterior, mordida abierta posterior y deglución atípica. Después, al grupo seleccionado se le realizó un examen ortofónico para determinar si presentaban alteraciones en el lenguaje. Resultados: se encontró que de 38 niños que presentaron mordida abierta y deglución atípica, la gran mayoría presentó alteraciones en el desarrollo del lenguaje. Conclusiones: existe relación entre deglución atípica y mordida abierta con las alteraciones en el desarrollo del lenguaje.

Introduction: the present cross-sectional analytical investigation had as general purpose to determine the relation between atypical swallowing and open bite with alterations in the development of language. Materials and Method: were selected all the children who belonged to the age group of 6 to 10 years old of the educative Center Nuestra Señora del Consuelo of San Miguel. We made a clinical examination to determine how many children had open bite and atypical swallowing. After, an ortofonic examination was made to the selected group in order to determine if there were alterations in the development of language. Results: we found that from 38 children who presented open bite and atypical swallowing, the great majority presented alterations in the development of language; thus being us able to affirm our hypothesis. Conclusions: exists relation between atypical swallowing and open bite with the alterations in the development of language.

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El presente estudio se realizó en el Servicio de Infectología del Instituto Especializado de Salud del Niño (IESN) en Lima Perú, en los cuales participaron 50 niños de 5 a 12 años, fueron divididos en dos grupos, cada grupo está conformado de 25 niños. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el efecto de la Clorhexidina en gel dental al 0.12% y la Nistatina en gotas pediátricas, sobre la Candidiasis oral, en niños con VIH-SIDA. En ambos grupos se procedió a la toma de muestra antes de aplicar el medicamento y después de aplicado. Luego se procedió al estudio microbiológico respectivo, para determinar el recuento de colonias de Cándida. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio mostraron una reducción estadísticamente significativa sobre el recuento de colonias de Cándida. Antes de ser tratados, tenían un promedio de 198.68 colonias, luego de ser tratados, el recuento de colonias se reduce a 32.76 colonias. En la Nistatina antes de ser tratados, tenían un promedio de 198.44 colonias, luego de ser tratados el recuento de colonias se reduce a 25.4 colonias.

The present study was carried out in the Service of Infectología of the Specialized Institute of Health of the Boy (IESN) in Lima, Peru in which 50 children participated from 5 to 12 years, they were divided in two groups, each group is conformed of 25 children. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of the Chlorhexidine in dental gel to 0.12% and the Fungicidin in pediatric drops, on the oral Candidiasis, in children with VIH.SIDA. In both groups you proceeded to the taking of sample before applying the medication and after applied. Then you proceeded to the study respective microbiológico, to determine the recount of colonies of Cándida. The results obtained in this study showed a reduction statistically significant on the recount of colonies of Cándida. Before being treated, they had an average of 198.68 colonies, after being treated, the recount of colonies decreases to 32.76 colonies. In the Fungicidin before being treated, they had an average of 198.44 colonies, after being treated the recount of colonies he/she decreases to 25.4 colonies.

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Objectivo general: determinar in Vitro la resistencia al cizallamiento de dos sistemas adhesivos en restauraciones de amalgama adherida en dientes temporales. Material y método: se evaluó dos sistemas adhesivos de diferente tipo de curado: Un sistema adhesivo de curado dual (Clearfil Liner Bond 2v) y otro de autocurado (Multilink). Treinta molares libres de caries fueron divididas en dos grupos de 15 cada uno. Se incluyeron las piezas en cilindros de resina acrílica, se desgastó cada pieza dentaria hasta exponer dentina y se procedió a aplicar uno de los adhesivos a cada grupo y luego la condensación de la amalgama. Se almacenaron en agua destilada a 37ºC por 24 horas. Se procedió a la prueba de cizallamiento en la máquina universal de Hounsfield, buscándose desprender el bloque de amalgama. Una vez realizada la prueba, se registraron los resultados. Resultados: Se hizo la evaluación estadística de los resultados con la Prueba T de Student que demostró que sí existe diferencia significativa entre ambos productos adhesivos, mostrando mejores resultados los sistemas adhesivos de autocurado. Conclusiones: el adhesivo Multilink autocurado ofrece mayor resistencia frente a las pruebas de cizallamiento de las restauraciones de amalgama adherida en dientes temporales. El promedio estimado de la resistencia con el autocurado fue de 3.94 0.63 y para el de curado dual de 2.70 o.67. Existen diferencias significativas de las proporciones del tipo de falla. En el de curado dual, la mayor cantidad de fallas ocurre entre el agente de unión y la amalgama.

Objective: to evaluate in vitro the shear strength of dental amalgam with two bonding systems of different cured type from: group A: bonding system of dual curing (Clearfil Liner Bond 2v) and group B: chemical cure (Multilink). Material and Method: Thrirty non-carious human molars were divided into two groups of fifteen teeth. Each tooth was embedded in a base of acrylic resin with the occlusal surfaces flattened to expose dentin. Dentin surfaces were treated with the bonding agents, then the amalgam was condensed. The pieces were stored for 24 hours in distilled water at 37 degrees C, then the shear strength test was done using a Universal Machine Hounsfield. Results: The statistic evaluation with test T Strudent exhibited significant differences for both bonding products, the chemical cure gave better results than the other. Conclusions: the bond of chemical cure Multilink offered more resistance to the tests of shear of an amalgam bonding agent in teeth. The average estimated of the resistance of the resistance with the chemical cure was of 3.94 +/- o.63 and for the one dual curing of 2.70 +/- 0.67. Exists significant differences of the proportions of the type of fail. In the one of dual curing, the main quantity of fails occur between the agent of union and the amalgam, and in the one of chemical cure, fails are distributed in a homogeneous way in the interfaces dentin/adhesive, adhesive/amalgam.

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En este estudio in vitro se comparó la microfiltración de dos cementos de ionómero de vidrio usados como material base en restauraciones con resina compuesta fotopolimerizable. Preparaciones cavitarias clase II (MO o DO) fueron preparadas en las superficies proximales de 50 premolares. El margen gingival de las cavidades fue preparado en cemento/dentina. Veinticinco dientes (25 cavidades) fueron restaurados con ionómero de vidrio cermet Ketac Silver (Grupo A) y los veinticinco dientes restantes fueron restaurados con ionómero de vidrio convencional Ketac Bond (Grupo B). Todas las superficies oclusales de las cavidades proximales fueron restauradas con resina compuesta fotopolimerizable Visio Molar. Los dientes restaurados fueron termociclados y sumergidos en fucsina, lavados en agua, seccionados y evaluados a través de un microscopio estereoscópico. Ninguna microfiltración ocurrió en 12 de las 25 restauraciones del grupo B y severa microfiltración en 14 restauraciones del grupo A. En este estudio se concluyó que no existe variaciones significativas entre los dos cementos de ionómero de virio usados in vitro

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