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Background: The respiratory tract harbors a variety of microbiota, whose composition and abundance depend on specific site factors, interaction with external factors, and disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 severity and the nasopharyngeal microbiome. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in Mexico City, collecting nasopharyngeal swabs from 30 COVID-19 patients and 14 healthy volunteers. Microbiome profiling was performed using 16S rRNA gene analysis. Taxonomic assignment, classification, diversity analysis, core microbiome analysis, and statistical analysis were conducted using R packages. Results: The microbiome data analysis revealed taxonomic shifts within the nasopharyngeal microbiome in severe COVID-19. Particularly, we observed a significant reduction in the relative abundance of Lawsonella and Cutibacterium genera in critically ill COVID-19 patients (p < 0.001). In contrast, these patients exhibited a marked enrichment of Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Peptostreptococcus, Atopobium, Granulicatella, Mogibacterium, Veillonella, Prevotella_7, Rothia, Gemella, Alloprevotella, and Solobacterium genera (p < 0.01). Analysis of the core microbiome across all samples consistently identified the presence of Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, and Streptococcus. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the disruption of physicochemical conditions and barriers resulting from inflammatory processes and the intubation procedure in critically ill COVID-19 patients may facilitate the colonization and invasion of the nasopharynx by oral microorganisms.
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OBJECTIVE: To describe changes in pulmonary mechanics when changing from supine position (SP) to prone position (PP) in mechanically ventilated (MV) patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) due to severe COVID-19. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort. SETTING: Intensive Care Unit of the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (Mexico City). PATIENTS: COVID-19 patients on MV due to ARDS, with criteria for PP. INTERVENTION: Measurement of pulmonary mechanics in patients on SP to PP, using esophageal manometry. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Changes in lung and thoracic wall mechanics in SP and PP RESULTS: Nineteen patients were included. Changes during first prone positioning were reported. Reductions in lung stress (10.6 vs 7.7, p=0.02), lung strain (0.74 vs 0.57, p=0.02), lung elastance (p=0.01), chest wall elastance (p=0.003) and relation of respiratory system elastances (p=0.001) were observed between patients when changing from SP to PP. No differences were observed in driving pressure (p=0.19) and transpulmonary pressure during inspiration (p=0.70). CONCLUSIONS: Changes in pulmonary mechanics were observed when patients were comparing values of supine position with measurements obtained 24h after prone positioning. Esophageal pressure monitoring may facilitate ventilator management despite patient positioning.
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Interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins mediate protection against enveloped viruses by blocking membrane fusion at endosomes. IFITM1 and IFITM3 are crucial for protection against influenza, and various single nucleotide polymorphisms altering their function have been linked to disease susceptibility. However, bulk IFITM1 and IFITM3 mRNA expression dynamics and their correlation with clinical outcomes have not been extensively addressed in patients with respiratory infections. In this study, we evaluated the expression of IFITM1 and IFITM3 in peripheral leukocytes from healthy controls and individuals with severe pandemic influenza A(H1N1) or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Comparisons between participants grouped according to their clinical characteristics, underlying disease, and outcomes showed that the downregulation of IFITM1 was a distinctive characteristic of severe pandemic influenza A(H1N1) that correlated with outcomes, including mortality. Conversely, increased IFITM3 expression was a common feature of severe pandemic influenza A(H1N1) and COVID-19. Using a high-dose murine model of infection, we confirmed not only the downregulation of IFITM1 but also of IFITM3 in the lungs of mice with severe influenza, as opposed to humans. Analyses in the comparative cohort also indicate the possible participation of IFITM3 in COVID-19. Our results add to the evidence supporting a protective function of IFITM proteins against viral respiratory infections in humans.
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Antígenos de Diferenciação , COVID-19 , Influenza Humana , Proteínas de Membrana , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA , Animais , Antígenos de Diferenciação/genética , Antígenos de Diferenciação/metabolismo , COVID-19/genética , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Influenza Humana/genética , Leucócitos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Camundongos , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/metabolismoRESUMO
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected and afflicted human lives and been a transformative catalyst leading to closure of many companies, disrupting mental health, and reducing access to food and exacerbating food insecurity. This presents an opportunity to reflect on and examine genetically modified (GM) foods and their effective legislative regulation for the benefit of consumers. This review presents a detailed analysis of GM foods' regulation in Peru and the analysis of certain specific cases that show the need for greater regulation of the industry.
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OBJETIVO: Evaluar la efectividad de las vacunas contra SARS-CoV-2 para evitar muerte e intubación en pacientes hospitalizados con Covid-19. Material y métodos. Se presentó un análisis de 3 565 hospitalizaciones por SARS-CoV-2 de personas mayores de 20 años de edad, reportadas con fines de salud pública por 10 hospitales de especialidad. Se comparó a los egresados por mejoría (2 094) con los fallecidos (1 471) en modelos mixtos de regresión logística ajustados por edad, sexo, número de comorbilidades y el hospital como variable aleatoria. RESULTADOS: Un esquema completo de vacunación, con cinco tipos de vacunas disponi-bles, tuvo un efecto protector para muerte o intubación (RM: 0.67, IC95%: 0.54,0.83, 33% de protección); y para muerte (RM: 0.80, IC95%: 0.64,0.99, 20% de protección) estos datos se compararon con los que no habían sido vacunados. Todas las vacunas aplicadas mostraron un efecto protector con un RM<0.8, con intervalos de confianza variables. Conclusio-nes. El antecedente de vacunación reduce los riesgos de ser intubado y morir, aun en pacientes previamente vacunados y hospitalizados con Covid-19 grave.
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Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Hospitais , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de las vacunas contra SARS-CoV-2 para evitar muerte e intubación en pacientes hospitalizados con Covid-19. Material y métodos: Se presentó un análisis de 3 565 hospitalizaciones por SARS-CoV-2 de personas mayores de 20 años de edad, reportadas con fines de salud pública por 10 hospitales de especialidad. Se comparó a los egresados por mejoría (2 094) con los fallecidos (1 471) en modelos mixtos de regresión logística ajustados por edad, sexo, número de comorbilidades y el hospital como variable aleatoria. Resultados: Un esquema completo de vacunación, con cinco tipos de vacunas disponibles, tuvo un efecto protector para muerte o intubación (RM: 0.67, IC95%: 0.54,0.83, 33% de protección); y para muerte (RM: 0.80, IC95%: 0.64,0.99, 20% de protección) estos datos se compararon con los que no habían sido vacunados. Todas las vacunas aplicadas mostraron un efecto protector con un RM<0.8, con intervalos de confianza variables. Conclusiones: El antecedente de vacunación reduce los riesgos de ser intubado y morir, aun en pacientes previamente vacunados y hospitalizados con Covid-19 grave.
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to avoid death and intubation in hospitalized patients with Covid-19. Materials and methods: We present an analysis of 3 565 hospitalizations for SARS-CoV-2 in people over 20 years of age, reported for public health purposes by 10 specialty hospitals, comparing those discharged for improvement (2 094) with those who died (1 471) in mixed models of logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, number of comorbidities and the reporting hospital as a random variable. Results: A complete vaccination schedule, with five types of vaccine available, had a protective effect for death or intubation (OR: 0.67, CI95%: 0.54,0.83, 33% protection) and for death (OR: 0.80, CI95%: 0.64,0.99, 20% protection) compared to those who had not been vaccinated. All the applied vaccines in the Mexican program showed a protective effect with an OR<0.8, with variable confidence intervals. Conclusions: Even in patients previously vaccinated and hospitalized with severe Covid-19, a history of vaccination reduces the risks of being intubated and dying.
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BACKGROUND: Few studies have evaluated the prevalence of post-extubation dysphagia and associated factors in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) . Our study assessed the prevalence of post-extubation dysphagia and body composition in patients with COVID-19 discharged from an intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: A prospective cohort study was performed in post-ICU extubated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome related to COVID-19 in two referral hospitals. A total of 112 patients were evaluated and included; swallowing assessment and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were performed after extubation and discharge from the ICU. To identify associations between dysphagia, lower phase angle (PhA) (<4.8°) and hydration (extracellular water/total body water < 0.390) logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: The incidence of post-extubation dysphagia was 41% (n = 46). From these, 65% (n = 30) had severe swallowing impairment. Overhydration and PhA were significantly different in patients with dysphagia, and segmental hydration in the trunk and legs was higher than in arms. PhA <4.8° (odds ratio [OR], 12.2; 95% CI, 4.3-34.1; P < .05) and overhydration measured by BIA (OR, 9.1; 95% CI, 3.4-24.5; P < .05) were associated with post-extubation dysphagia in multivariate analysis. PhA (<4.8°) was associated with a lower rate of swallowing recovery at hospital discharge (log-rank test = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: A high incidence of post-extubation dysphagia was found in patients with COVID-19. Low PhA and overhydration were associated with the presence of dysphagia. Lower PhA was an independent factor for swallowing recovery at discharge.
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COVID-19 , Transtornos de Deglutição , Transtornos de Deglutição/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Deglutição/etiologia , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Alta do Paciente , Estudos Prospectivos , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Malnutrition status, body composition indicators, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) parameters have been associated with increased risk of death in several pathologies. The aim of this study was to describe the associations between phase angle (PhA) indicators obtained by BIA with length of hospital stay, days on mechanical ventilation, and 60-day mortality in critically ill patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). METHODS: This is a prospective cohort of mechanically ventilated patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We assessed nutrition risk and body composition with BIA within 48 h from intensive care unit admission. Logistic and linear regression models were used to analyze the association between variables and clinical outcomes. Survival analysis by PhA value was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS: Sixty-seven patients were included. PhA (odds ratio [OR], 0.36; P = .002), standardized PhA (SPA) (OR, 0.45; P = .001), and extracellular water/total body water ratio (OR, 3.25; P = .002) were significant predictors of 60-day mortality. PhA <3.85° in females and <5.25° in males showed good and fair discrimination, respectively, for mortality prediction. Using cutoff values, low PhA was associated with a significantly increased risk of 60-day mortality (hazard ratio, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.12-8.41; P = .02). No association was detected for SPA. CONCLUSION: Low PhA values could be a predictor of 60-day mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19. This biological marker could be incorporated as part of nutrition and mortality risk assessment in this population.
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COVID-19 , Estado Terminal , Estado Terminal/terapia , Impedância Elétrica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
Las vías clínicas (VC) son instrumentos desarrollados para planificar y coordinar la secuencia de los procedimientos clínicos y administrativos necesarios para conseguir la máxima calidad asistencial. La rápida difusión de las VC en Estados Unidos explica que más del 60% de los hospitales usen estos documentos para sus procesos más frecuentes, lo que contrasta con su escasa implementación en Colombia y países de Latinoamérica. Las VC se ajustan según los cambios que representa el enfoque en procesos y se orientan a optimizar una mejor atención al paciente.
The clinical pathways are instruments developed to plan and coordinate the sequence of clinical and administrative procedures necessary to achieve the highest quality of care. Its rapid spread in the USA. USA explains that more than 60% of hospitals use clinical pathways for their most frequent processes. This contrasts with its poor implementation in Colombia and the countries of the Region of the Americas. The Clinical Pathways adjust with the change represented by the focus on processes, aimed at optimizing better patient care.
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Little literature exists about critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Latin America. Here, we aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and mortality risk factors in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients from Mexico. For this purpose, we recruited 67 consecutive mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients which were grouped according to their clinical outcome (survival vs. death). Clinical risk factors for mortality were identified by machine-learning and logistic regression models. The median age of participants was 42 years and 65% were men. The most common comorbidity observed was obesity (49.2%). Fever was the most frequent symptom of illness (88%), followed by dyspnea (84%). Multilobe ground-glass opacities were observed in 76% of patients by thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan. Fifty-two percent of study participants were ventilated in prone position, and 59% required cardiovascular support with norepinephrine. Furthermore, 49% of participants were coinfected with a second pathogen. Two-thirds of COVID-19 patients developed acute kidney injury (AKIN). The mortality of our cohort was 44.7%. AKIN, uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and a longitudinal increase in the ventilatory ratio were associated with mortality. Baseline PaO2/FiO2 values and a longitudinal recovery of lymphocytes were protective factors against mortality. Our study provides reference data about the clinical phenotype and risk factors for mortality in mechanically ventilated Mexican patients with COVID-19.
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INTRODUCTION: The novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) represents a major public health problem and it is key to find a treatment that reduces mortality. Our objective was to estimate whether treatment with 400 mg/day of Hydroxychloroquine for 10 days reduces in-hospital mortality in subjects with severe respiratory disease due to COVID-19 compared with placebo. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe disease by COVID-19 through an intention-to-treat analysis. Eligible for the study were adults aged more than 18 years with COVID-19 confirmed by RT-PCR and lung injury requiring hospitalization with or without mechanical ventilation. Primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes: days of mechanical ventilation, days of hospitalization and cumulative incidence of serious adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 214 patients with COVID-19 were recruited, randomized and analyzed. They were hypoxemic with a mean SpO2 of 65% ± 20, tachycardic (pulse rate 108±17 min-1) and tachypneic (32 ±10 min-1); 162 were under mechanical ventilation at randomization. Thirty-day mortality was similar in both groups (38% in Hydroxychloroquine vs. 41% in placebo, hazard ratio [HR] 0.88, 95% Confidence Interval [95%CI] 0.51-1.53). In the surviving participants, no significant difference was found in secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION: No beneficial effect or significant harm could be demonstrated in our randomized controlled trial including 214 patients, using relatively low doses of Hydroxychloroquine compared with placebo in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19.
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Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , Hidroxicloroquina/uso terapêutico , SARS-CoV-2/metabolismo , Adulto , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , COVID-19/metabolismo , COVID-19/mortalidade , Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Respiração Artificial , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2/patogenicidade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a global health threat with the potential to cause severe disease manifestations in the lungs. Although COVID-19 has been extensively characterized clinically, the factors distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 from other respiratory viruses are unknown. Here, we compared the clinical, histopathological, and immunological characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and pandemic influenza A(H1N1). We observed a higher frequency of respiratory symptoms, increased tissue injury markers, and a histological pattern of alveolar pneumonia in pandemic influenza A(H1N1) patients. Conversely, dry cough, gastrointestinal symptoms and interstitial lung pathology were observed in COVID-19 cases. Pandemic influenza A(H1N1) was characterized by higher levels of IL-1RA, TNF-α, CCL3, G-CSF, APRIL, sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2, sCD30, and sCD163. Meanwhile, COVID-19 displayed an immune profile distinguished by increased Th1 (IL-12, IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13) cytokine levels, along with IL-1ß, IL-6, CCL11, VEGF, TWEAK, TSLP, MMP-1, and MMP-3. Our data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 induces a dysbalanced polyfunctional inflammatory response that is different from the immune response against pandemic influenza A(H1N1). Furthermore, we demonstrated the diagnostic potential of some clinical and immune factors to differentiate both diseases. These findings might be relevant for the ongoing and future influenza seasons in the Northern Hemisphere, which are historically unique due to their convergence with the COVID-19 pandemic.
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COVID-19 , Citocinas , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Influenza Humana , Metaloproteinase 1 da Matriz , Metaloproteinase 3 da Matriz , Receptores Imunológicos , Adulto , Idoso , COVID-19/sangue , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/imunologia , Citocinas/sangue , Citocinas/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/imunologia , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/metabolismo , Influenza Humana/sangue , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/imunologia , Masculino , Metaloproteinase 1 da Matriz/sangue , Metaloproteinase 1 da Matriz/imunologia , Metaloproteinase 3 da Matriz/sangue , Metaloproteinase 3 da Matriz/imunologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Receptores Imunológicos/sangue , Receptores Imunológicos/imunologia , Células Th1/imunologia , Células Th2/imunologiaRESUMO
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633297.].
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The C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 17 (CXCL17) is chemotactic for myeloid cells, exhibits bactericidal activity, and exerts anti-viral functions. This chemokine is constitutively expressed in the respiratory tract, suggesting a role in lung defenses. However, little is known about the participation of CXCL17 against relevant respiratory pathogens in humans. Here, we evaluated the serum levels and lung tissue expression pattern of CXCL17 in a cohort of patients with severe pandemic influenza A(H1N1) from Mexico City. Peripheral blood samples obtained on admission and seven days after hospitalization were processed for determinations of serum CXCL17 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of CXCL17 was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHQ) in lung autopsy specimens from patients that succumbed to the disease. Serum CXCL17 levels were also analyzed in two additional comparative cohorts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients. Additionally, the expression of CXCL17 was tested in lung autopsy specimens from COVID-19 patients. A total of 122 patients were enrolled in the study, from which 68 had pandemic influenza A(H1N1), 24 had COVID-19, and 30 with PTB. CXCL17 was detected in post-mortem lung specimens from patients that died of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) and COVID-19. Interestingly, serum levels of CXCL17 were increased only in patients with pandemic influenza A(H1N1), but not COVID-19 and PTB. CXCL17 not only differentiated pandemic influenza A(H1N1) from other respiratory infections but showed prognostic value for influenza-associated mortality and renal failure in machine-learning algorithms and regression analyses. Using cell culture assays, we also identified that human alveolar A549 cells and peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages increase their CXCL17 production capacity after influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus infection. Our results for the first time demonstrate an induction of CXCL17 specifically during pandemic influenza A(H1N1), but not COVID-19 and PTB in humans. These findings could be of great utility to differentiate influenza and COVID-19 and to predict poor prognosis specially at settings of high incidence of pandemic A(H1N1). Future studies on the role of CXCL17 not only in severe pandemic influenza, but also in seasonal influenza, COVID-19, and PTB are required to validate our results.
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Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Quimiocinas CXC/metabolismo , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/fisiologia , Influenza Humana/diagnóstico , Pulmão/metabolismo , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/fisiologia , SARS-CoV-2/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/mortalidade , Quimiocinas CXC/genética , Quimiocinas CXC/imunologia , Estudos de Coortes , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Influenza Humana/mortalidade , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , Avaliação de Resultados da Assistência ao Paciente , Prognóstico , Análise de Sobrevida , Tuberculose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/mortalidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The differentiation between influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could constitute a diagnostic challenge during the ongoing winter owing to their clinical similitude. Thus, novel biomarkers are required to enable making this distinction. Here, we evaluated whether the surfactant protein D (SP-D), a collectin produced at the alveolar epithelium with known immune properties, was useful to differentiate pandemic influenza A(H1N1) from COVID-19 in critically ill patients. Our results revealed high serum SP-D levels in patients with severe pandemic influenza but not those with COVID-19. This finding was validated in a separate cohort of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 who also showed low plasma SP-D levels. However, plasma SP-D levels did not distinguish seasonal influenza from COVID-19 in mild-to-moderate disease. Finally, we found that high serum SP-D levels were associated with death and renal failure among severe pandemic influenza cases. Thus, our studies have identified SP-D as a unique biomarker expressed during severe pandemic influenza but not COVID-19.
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COVID-19/genética , Expressão Gênica , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/genética , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Influenza Humana/genética , Proteína D Associada a Surfactante Pulmonar/genética , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores , COVID-19/sangue , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/virologia , Coinfecção , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Influenza Humana/diagnóstico , Influenza Humana/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Proteína D Associada a Surfactante Pulmonar/sangue , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Avaliação de Sintomas , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Resumo Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, transversal e quantitativo, cujo objetivo foi verificar as alterações da memória e da autoeficácia em 110 idosos, com média de 70,5 anos. Foram utilizados um questionário sociodemográfico, um teste de percepção subjetiva de memória, o questionário de memória Prospectiva e Retrospectiva e a Lista de Aprendizagem Auditivo-Verbal de Rey. Os idosos foram avaliados em um único momento, individualmente, por cerca de 60 minutos. Os resultados do teste de memória apresentaram-se dentro dos padrões esperados para a idade e a escolaridade, com leve desempenho inferior na memória de trabalho e percepção negativa da autoeficácia da memória (82,70%). Tal desempenho foi associado às queixas subjetivas de memória (99,10%), o que pode ser explicado por paradigmas socioculturais atrelados negativamente ao processo de envelhecer.
Abstract It is an exploratory, cross-sectional and quantitative study whose objective was to verify memory and self-efficacy alterations in 110 older adults, with a mean of 70.50 years. We used a sociodemographic questionnaire, a subjective memory perception test, the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire, and The Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test. The seniors were evaluated in a single moment, individually, for about 60 minutes. The results of the memory test were within the expected standards for age and schooling, with a slightly inferior performance in working memory and negative perception of memory self-efficacy (82.70%). Such performance was associated with subjective memory complaints (99.10%), which can be explained by socio-cultural paradigms negatively linked to the aging process.
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RESUMEN Objetivo: Implementar una guía de práctica clínica para la detección oportuna y el diagnóstico de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en adolescentes y adultos en los servicios de consulta prioritaria y consulta externa de un hospital mental público de Barranquilla, Colombia. Se identificaron barreras para el acceso a la guía implementada. Métodos: Para identificar guías de práctica clínica basadas en la evidencia que implementar, se hicieron búsquedas sistemáticas en bases de datos internacionales de organismos desarrolladores o compiladores de guías de práctica clínica y en bases de datos que recogieran literatura científica sobre temas relacionados con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Conclusiones: Las dos guías para realizar la selección final por consenso de un equipo multidisciplinario del hospital fueron: «Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of eating disorders¼ y «Guía de práctica clínica sobre trastornos de la conducta alimentaria de Catalunya¼, que finalmente fue la elegida por consenso. No existe aún para los profesionales de la salud una guía de práctica clínica implementada en el servicio de consulta externa y prioritaria de los hospitales colombianos para los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria.
ABSTRACT Objective: To implement clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the timely detection and diagnosis of eating disorders in adolescents and adults in the priority outpatient department of a public psychiatric hospital in Barranquilla, Colombia. Barriers to access to the implemented guidelines were identified. Methods: For the identification of evidence-based CPGs to be implemented, systematic searches were carried out in international databases of development agencies or compilers of clinical practice guidelines, and in databases that contained scientific literature on issues related to eating disorders. Conclusions: The two guidelines shortlisted for the final selection by consensus of a multidisciplinary team at the hospital were the "Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of eating disorders" and the "Guía de práctica clínica sobre trastornos de la conducta alimentaria de Catalunya", the latter being finally chosen by consensus. There are not yet CPGs implemented for health professionals in the priority outpatient department of Colombian hospitals for eating disorders.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos , Diagnóstico , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Psiquiatria , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Colômbia , Consenso , Hospitais PsiquiátricosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To implement clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the timely detection and diagnosis of eating disorders in adolescents and adults in the priority outpatient department of a public psychiatric hospital in Barranquilla, Colombia. Barriers to access to the implemented guidelines were identified. METHODS: For the identification of evidence-based CPGs to be implemented, systematic searches were carried out in international databases of development agencies or compilers of clinical practice guidelines, and in databases that contained scientific literature on issues related to eating disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The two guidelines shortlisted for the final selection by consensus of a multidisciplinary team at the hospital were the "Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of eating disorders" and the "Guía de práctica clínica sobre trastornos de la conducta alimentaria de Catalunya", the latter being finally chosen by consensus. There are not yet CPGs implemented for health professionals in the priority outpatient department of Colombian hospitals for eating disorders.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/diagnóstico , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Adolescente , Adulto , Assistência Ambulatorial , Colômbia , Feminino , Hospitais Psiquiátricos , Hospitais Públicos , Humanos , Masculino , Equipe de Assistência ao PacienteRESUMO
Introducción: La malaria es un problema de salud pública para Colombia, con comportamiento endémico/epidémico y variación entre las diferentes áreas de transmisión. Objetivo: Describir las características epidemiológicas de pacientes con malaria, notificados por un asegurador en salud en Colombia durante los años 2016 y 2017. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, en el que se revisó de forma retrospectiva la base de datos de todos los casos de malaria notificados por un asegurador en salud en Colombia durante los años 2016 y 2017. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, teniendo en cuenta la naturaleza de las variables. Las variables cualitativas se analizaron a partir de las frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Se usó el test de chi cuadrado para comparar las diferencias entre proporciones, en todos los casos se estableció un valor p< 0,05 como significativo. Los datos se analizaron en el programa SPSS versión 19. Resultados: Durante el período de observación se notificaron 26 017 casos de malaria; el 50 por ciento (13 014) eran hombres y el 50 por ciento (13 003) mujeres. Los grupos etarios más afectados fueron los adultos jóvenes (26,37 por ciento), escolares (15,04 por ciento), preescolares (12,75 por ciento) y adolescentes iniciales (12,18 por ciento). La mayoría de los pacientes estudiados eran indígenas y mulatos; trabajadores no calificados, que residían y fueron notificados en el departamento del Chocó. En cuanto a las características clínicas y paraclínicas se encontró que el 95,9 por ciento de los pacientes eran sintomático, las especies parasitaria más frecuentemente fueron P. falciparum (58,86 por ciento) y P. vivax (35,95 por ciento) y en menor frecuencia P. malariae (0,06 por ciento). Se registró complicaciones en 410 pacientes, estas eran principalmente de tipo hematológicas (56,3 por ciento); sin embargo, también se registraron complicaciones cerebrales, renales, hepáticas y pulmonares. Durante los dos años se observó brotes epidémicos entre las semanas 6 a la 31, y posteriormente se observó un descenso en la notificación de casos. Conclusiones: Este estudio encontró una marcada diferencia en la incidencia de casos de malaria notificados por el asegurador objeto de estudio entre los años 2016 y 2017; la mayoría de estos casos eran por P. falciparum y se registraron en el departamento de Chocó(AU)
Introduction: Malaria is a health problem in Colombia. Its behavior is endemic / epidemic and variation is observed between the different transmission areas. Objective: Describe the epidemiological characteristics of patients with malaria notified by a health insurer in Colombia during the years 2016 and 2017. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in which a retrospective review was performed of the database of all the malaria cases notified by a health insurer in Colombia during the years 2016 and 2017. A descriptive analysis was done taking into account the nature of the variables. Qualitative variables were analyzed in terms of absolute and relative frequencies. The chi-square test was used to compare the differences between proportions. A value of p< 0.05 was set as significant in all cases. The software SPPS version 19 was used for data analysis. Results: During the observation period a total 26 017 malaria cases were notified, of whom 50 percent were men (13 014) and 50 percent were women (13 003). The most affected age groups were young adults (26.37 percent), schoolchildren (15.04 percent), pre-schoolers (12.75 percent) and preadolescents (12.18 percent). Most of the patients studied were indigenous and mulatto, unskilled workers, and lived or were notified in the department of Chocó. With respect to clinical and paraclinical characteristics, it was found that 95.9 percent of the patients were symptomatic. The most common parasite species were P. falciparum (58.86 percent) and P. vivax (35.95 percent) and to a lesser degree P. malariae (0.06 percent). Complications were recorded in 410 patients. These were mainly hematological (56.3 percent), but brain, kidney, liver and lung complications were also found. During the two study years, epidemic outbreaks were observed between weeks 6 and 31, followed by a decrease in the number of case notifications. Conclusions: The study found a marked difference in the incidence of malaria cases notified by the study insurer between the years 2016 and 2017. Most of these cases were due to P. falciparum and were recorded in the department of Chocó(AU)