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INTRODUCTION: The rupture of the Achilles tendon is one of the most frequent of the lower limb, the increase in its incidence invites to evaluate its associated characteristics that act as triggers or as risk factors. METHODS: Descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study, based on clinical history data, using mean, standard deviation and percentages. RESULTS: We evaluated 49 patients: males 83.7%, administrative profession 46.9%, sport injury 61.2% (soccer 38.8%). 75.5% were acute injuries, affecting the left tendon (57.1%). The most referred symptom is sudden pain (95.9%) and the most common sign is Thompson's (89.8%). Ultrasonography was used in 42.9%. 95.5% received treatment by open surgery and spinal anesthesia 85.1%. Intraoperatively they reported complete rupture 95.7%, at 2-5 cm insertion 66%, 98% of them had no associated injuries. The repair was simple tenorrhaphy with Kessler's point (51%) and Vycril as suture material (95.7%). Immobilization was performed with warm-pedium plaster (98%) for a period of 6-8 weeks (91.9%). Surgical waiting was 3.6 days and hospital stay 4.9 days. CONCLUSIONS: Achilles tendon rupture occurred more frequently in sedentary males between 29-48 years, acute presentation in sports activity, affecting the left tendon. Most were complete ruptures located between 2-5 cm from its insertion, performing simple tenorrhaphy.
INTRODUCCIÓN: La ruptura del tendón de Aquiles es una de las más frecuentes del miembro inferior, el aumento de su incidencia invita a evaluar sus características asociadas que actúan como desencadenantes o como factores de riesgo. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, transversal, según datos de historias clínicas, utilizando media, desviación estándar y porcentajes. RESULTADOS: Evaluamos 49 pacientes: varones 83.7%, profesión administrativa 46.9%, 61.2% lesión de deporte (fútbol 38.8%). De las lesiones, 75.5% fueron agudas afectando el tendón izquierdo (57.1%). El síntoma más referido fue dolor súbito (95.9%) y el signo más encontrado fue el de Thompson (89.8%). Se usó ecografía en 42.9%. Recibieron tratamiento por cirugía abierta 95.5% y anestesia espinal 85.1%. Intraoperatoriamente reportaron ruptura completa 95.7%, a 2-5 cm de inserción 66%, 98% de ellas no presentaron lesiones asociadas. La reparación fue tenorrafía simple con punto de Kessler (51%) y vycril como material de sutura (95.7%). Se realizó inmovilización con yeso tibio-pedio (98%) por lapso de seis a ocho semanas (91.9%). La espera quirúrgica fue 3.6 días y la estancia hospitalaria 4.9 días. CONCLUSIONES: La ruptura del tendón de Aquiles se observó con mayor frecuencia en varones sedentarios entre 29-48 años, presentación aguda en actividad deportiva afectando el tendón izquierdo. La mayoría fueron rupturas completas ubicadas entre 2-5 cm de su inserción, realizando tenorrafía simple.
Assuntos
Tendão do Calcâneo , Traumatismos dos Tendões , Tendão do Calcâneo/cirurgia , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ruptura/cirurgia , Traumatismos dos Tendões/epidemiologia , Traumatismos dos Tendões/cirurgiaRESUMO
The estimation of human ankle's mechanical impedance is an important tool for modeling human balance. This work presents the implementation of a parameter-estimation approach based on a state-augmented extended Kalman filter (AEKF) to infer the ankle's mechanical impedance during quiet standing. However, the AEKF filter is sensitive to the initialization of the noise covariance matrices. In order to avoid a time-consuming trial-and-error method and to obtain a better estimation performance, a genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to best tune the measurement noise (Rk) and process noise covariances (Q) of the extended Kalman filter (EKF). Results using simulated data show the efficacy of the proposed algorithm for parameter-estimation of a third-order biomechanical model. Experimental validation of these results is also presented. They suggest that age is an influencing factor in the human balance.
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Algoritmos , Tornozelo , Fenômenos BiomecânicosRESUMO
We present the case of a 27-year old female with an ovarian tumor and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) of 1210â¯ng/m, a right salpingo-oophorectomy was performed and had conservative complementary staging by gynecologic oncologists. The histopathological report was primary hepatoid carcinoma of the ovary (HCO), clinical stage IA, complementary treatment was adjuvant chemotherapy with BEP and remains clinical, imaging and biochemically disease free in three years follow up.
RESUMO
To determine Toll-like receptors (TLR)2 and TLR4 expression levels and associate them with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP), symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP), and healthy controls. Apical tissue/lesion samples were obtained from chronic AAP (n = 35) and SAP (n = 29), and healthy periodontal ligament (HPL, n = 10) with indication of tooth extraction, respectively. mRNA expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-13 were determined by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's pot hoc test (p < 0.05). The correlation coefficient was obtained using the Spearman correlation (p < 0.05). TLR2, MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-13 mRNA levels were the highest in SAP followed by AAP and controls (p < 0.05). TLR4 and MMP-8 were over expressed in AAP and SAP compared to HPL (p < 0.05). TLR2 positively correlated with TLR4, MMP-1, MMP-8, and MMP-13 in SAP (p < 0.05). TLR2 and TLR4 are overexpressed in apical lesions versus healthy periodontal ligament and correlate with collagenolytic MMPs. Particularly, TLR2 is overexpressed in SAP in association with MMP-1, MMP-8, and MMP-13. Our results suggest that the activation of TLR2 along with MMP overexpression might contribute to SAP clinical presentation and progression. TLRs, MMPs, and their interaction can explain the clinical presentations and evolution of apical periodontitis and might represent key targets for new diagnostic and treatment approaches.
Assuntos
Metaloproteinases da Matriz/metabolismo , Periodontite Periapical/metabolismo , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Periodontite Periapical/patologia , Ligamento Periodontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ligamento Periodontal/metabolismo , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/genética , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/genética , Ápice Dentário/metabolismoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the immediate microshear resin-enamel bond strength (µSBS) and the immediate and 6-month microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and nanoleakage (NL) of the adhesive interface performed by different pHs of 40% meta-phosphoric acid (MPA) were compared with conventional 37% ortho-phosphoric acid (OPA) under different application times. Additionally, the enamel etching patterns were evaluated and the chemical/morphological changes induced by these differents groups were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and ninety-eight extracted human molars were randomly assigned into experimental groups according to the combination of independent variables: Acid [37% ortho-phosphoric acid (OPA), 40% meta-phosphoric acid (MPA) at pHs of: 0.5, 1 and 2] and Application Time [7, 15 and 30s]. Enamel-bond specimens were prepared and tested under µSBS. Resin-dentin beams were tested under µTBS tested immediately or after 6-months of water storage. Nanoleakage was evaluated using bonded-beams of each tooth/time-period. Enamel etching pattern and chemical and ultra-morphology analyses were also performed. The µSBS (MPa) data were subjected to a two-way repeated measures ANOVA (Acid vs. Application time). For µTBS, Acid vs application time vs storage time data were subjected to three-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: MPA pH 0.5 showed µTBS similar to OPA, independently of the application time on enamel (p>0.05) or dentin (p>0.05). OPA provided higher nanoleakage values than MPA (p = 0.003). Significant decreases in TBS and increases in NL were only observed for OPA after 6 months (p = 0.001). An increase in the application time resulted in a more pronounced etching pattern for MPA. Chemical analysis showed that dentin demineralized by MPA depicted peaks of brushite and octacalcium phosphate. MPA exposed less collagen than OPA. However, optimal results for MPA were dependent on pH/application time. CONCLUSION: The use of 40% meta-phosphoric acid with a pH of 0.5 is an alternative acid-etching agent for dentin and enamel bonding. Furthermore, the use of MPA preserves the resin-dentin interface over a 6-months period, due to presence of brushite and octacalcium phosphate and a reduced demineralization pattern.
Assuntos
Colagem Dentária , Esmalte Dentário/química , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Fosfóricos/química , Ácidos Fosfóricos/farmacologia , Resinas Sintéticas/química , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Isomerismo , Resistência à TraçãoRESUMO
Resumen: La porfiria intermitente aguda es la más frecuente de las porfirias hepáticas agudas. Ésta es causada por mutaciones de herencia autosómica dominante en el gen HMBS, que generan déficit de la enzima porfobilinógeno desaminasa en la vía biosintética del grupo hemo. Se caracteriza por síntomas neuroviscerales potencialmente letales, que incluyen dolor abdominal, vómito, estreñimiento, debilidad muscular, convulsiones. Estos ataques son desencadenados por medicamentos, ayuno, alcohol, cambios hormonales, estrés, entre otros. Su tratamiento incluye altas cargas de carbohidratos, hemina intravenosa y soporte médico. Algunos pacientes que padecen ataques agudos recurrentes pueden requerir hemina profiláctica o análogos de la hormona liberadora de gonadotropina. El trasplante hepático está indicado para los pacientes resistentes a esos tratamientos. Las complicaciones crónicas de la enfermedad incluyen carcinoma hepatocelular, hipertensión arterial, enfermedad renal crónica y dolor crónico.
Abstract: Acute intermittent porphyria is the most frequent of the acute hepatic porphyrias. This is caused by mutations of autosomal dominant inheritance in the HMBS gene, which generate a deficiency of the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase in the biosynthetic pathway of the heme group. It is characterized by potentially life-threatening neurovisceral symptoms, including abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, muscle weakness and seizures. Such attacks are triggered by medications, fasting, alcohol, hormonal changes, stress, among others. Its treatment includes high carbohydrate loads, intravenous hemin, and medical support. Some patients who develop recurrent acute attacks may require prophylactic hemin or gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs. Liver transplantation is indicated for patients refractory to those treatments. Chronic complications of the disease include hepatocellular carcinoma, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and chronic pain.
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We demonstrated a method to construct high efficiency saturable absorbers based on the evanescent light field interaction of CVD monolayer graphene deposited on side-polished D-shaped optical fiber. A set of samples was fabricated with two different core-graphene distances (0 and 1 µm), covered with graphene ranging between 10 and 25 mm length. The mode-locking was achieved and the best pulse duration was 256 fs, the shortest pulse reported in the literature with CVD monolayer graphene in EDFL. As result, we find a criterion between the polarization relative extinction ratio in the samples and the pulse duration, which relates the better mode-locking performance with the higher polarization extinction ratio of the samples. This criterion also provides a better understanding of the graphene distributed saturable absorbers and their reproducible performance as optoelectronic devices for optical applications.
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MDR1, which is encoded by the ABCB1 gene, is involved in multidrug resistance (hydrophobic), as well as the elimination of xenotoxic agents. The association between ABCB1 gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk in different populations has been described previously; however, the results have been inconclusive. In this study, we examined the association between polymorphisms 3435 C/T and 1236 C/T in the ABCB1 gene and breast cancer development in Mexican women according to their menopausal status and molecular classification. Molecular subtypes as well as allele and genotype frequencies were analyzed. A total of 248 women with initial breast cancer diagnosis and 180 ethnically matched, healthy, unrelated individuals were enrolled. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed to detect polymorphisms 3435 C/T and 1236 C/T in the ABCB1 gene. Premenopausal T allele carriers of the 3435 C/T polymorphism showed a 2-fold increased risk of breast cancer with respect to the reference and postmenopausal groups, as well as triple-negative expression regarding the luminal A/B molecular subrogated subtypes. In contrast, the CT genotype of the 1236 polymorphism was a protective factor against breast cancer. We conclude that the T allele carrier of the 3435 C/T polymorphism in the ABCB1 gene in combination with an estrogen receptor-negative status may be an important risk factor for breast cancer development in premenopausal women.
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Neoplasias da Mama/etnologia , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Subfamília B de Transportador de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Etnicidade , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Pós-Menopausa , Pré-Menopausa , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
El pinzamiento femoroacetabular corresponde al contacto mecánico entre el fémur y la pelvis, frecuentemente entre el cuello del fémur y el borde acetabular, ya sea por deformidad del primero (CAM) o del segundo (PINCER);1,2 sin embargo, existen causas extraarticulares de pinzamiento.3,4 A la par del aumento en el diagnóstico de pinzamiento se ha hecho cada vez más frecuente el tratamiento artroscópico de éste siendo hoy el estándar de tratamiento.5 En este reporte se analiza un caso de pinzamiento de cadera extraarticular, causado por un contacto entre el fémur y una espina ilíaca antero inferior (EIAI) prominente debido probablemente a una avulsión antigua consolidada, y a su posterior manejo artroscópico.
Femoroacetabular impingement is the mechanical contact between the femur and the pelvis, frequently between the femur neck and the acetabular rim, whether due to a deformity of the former (cam type) or the latter (pincer type).1,2 However, there may be extraarticular causes of impingement.3,4 Together with the increased diagnosis of impingement, arthroscopic treatment is increasingly frequent and has become the standard treatment.5 This report analyzes a case of extraarticular hip impingement caused by contact between the femur and a prominent anteroinferior iliac spine (AIIS), probably due to a healed old avulsion and its later arthroscopic management.
Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Artroscopia/métodos , Impacto Femoroacetabular/cirurgia , Fêmur , Impacto Femoroacetabular/diagnóstico , Impacto Femoroacetabular , Pelve , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Femoroacetabular impingement is the mechanical contact between the femur and the pelvis, frequently between the femur neck and the acetabular rim, whether due to a deformity of the former (cam type) or the latter (pincer type). However, there may be extraarticular causes of impingement. Together with the increased diagnosis of impingement, arthroscopic treatment is increasingly frequent and has become the standard treatment. This report analyzes a case of extraarticular hip impingement caused by contact between the femur and a prominent anteroinferior iliac spine (AIIS), probably due to a healed old avulsion and its later arthroscopic management.
Assuntos
Artroscopia/métodos , Impacto Femoroacetabular/cirurgia , Fêmur/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Impacto Femoroacetabular/diagnóstico , Impacto Femoroacetabular/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Pelve/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
La enfermedad valvular mitral durante el embarazo supone un riesgo tanto para las maternas como para el feto. Esta lesión valvular puede causar limitaciones físicas graves e, incluso, la muerte. Debido a que el diagnóstico se hace durante la gestación hasta en el 50% de los casos, aumenta la probabilidad de un resultado adverso. El manejo clínico implica un gran reto debido a que los cambios hemodinámicos durante el embarazo, parto y post-parto, representan riesgos únicos para este grupo de pacientes, lo que puede provocar descompensación clínica como insuficiencia cardiaca, arritmias y la muerte materna.
Mitral valve heart disease during pregnancy is a real risk both for the mother and fetus. This valve lesion can result in severe physical limitations or even death. Because the disease is diagnosed during gestation in up to 50% of cases, the probability of an adverse outcome increases. Clinical management poses a challenge because the hemodynamic changes during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum represent unique risks for this group of patients, which could cause clinical decompensation, such as heart failure, arrhythmia, and maternal death.
A doença valvular mitral durante a gravidez supõe um verdadeiro risco para as maternas como para o feto, esta lesão valvular pode causar limitações físicas graves e inclusive a morte. Devido a que o diagnostico se faz durante a gestação até no 50% dos casos, a probabilidade de um resultado adverso aumenta. O manejo clínico implica um grande repto devido a que as mudanças hemodinâmicas durante a gravidez, parto e pós-parto, representam riscos únicos para este grupo de pacientes, o que pode provocar descompensação clínica como insuficiência cardíaca, arritmias, e a morte materna.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas , Arritmias Cardíacas , Complicações na Gravidez , Gravidez , Mães , AnticoagulantesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Success in H. pylori eradication with conventional therapies has decreased to unacceptable levels (≤80%). New schemes of combined treatment are currently needed. AIM: To test a miscellaneous therapy for H. pylori eradication. METHODS/PATIENTS: Open-label, pilot, single-centre and prospective study. Patients received a 15-day treatment scheme that consisted of 5 initial days of lansoprazole 30 mg b.d., amoxicillin 1 g b.d., and metronidazole 500 mg t.d.s.; days 6 to 10: lansoprazole 30 mg q.d.s. and metronidazole 500 mg t.d.s.; days 11 to 15: lansoprazole 30 mg b.d., clarithromycin 500 mg b.d. and metronidazole 500 mg t.d.s. Each patient underwent an upper endoscopy before treatment and a second follow-up endoscopy at least 4 weeks after therapy. Success was defined on the basis of an eradication rate following a per-protocol analysis ≥95%. Biopsies before and after therapy were obtained for histological evaluation and rapid urease test. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-two patients were enrolled and 118 patients completed the study. The eradication rate for H. pylori with miscellaneous therapy was 94% (confidence Interval (CI) 95%, 90-98.3%) in the per-protocol analysis (PP) and 91% (95% CI, 86-96%) in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Adherence to treatment was 96% (113 patients). Among patients who completed treatment, 55% presented adverse events, mainly nausea and abdominal pain. CONCLUSION: A miscellaneous therapy, based on the combination of multiple medications in high doses for 2 weeks, and with gastric pH elevation, is a highly effective treatment as a first-line therapy for the eradication of H. pylori.
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Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Gastrite/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Helicobacter pylori/efeitos dos fármacos , Úlcera Péptica/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Amoxicilina/uso terapêutico , Claritromicina/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada/métodos , Feminino , Determinação da Acidez Gástrica , Gastrite/microbiologia , Gastroscopia , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Lansoprazol/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Úlcera Péptica/microbiologia , Projetos Piloto , Estudos Prospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Hedeoma drummondii is a medicinal plant with diverse properties; however, validations of its medicinal uses are scarce. To evaluate its antimicrobial properties H. drummondii, was tested against opportunistic pathogens of medical importance. Antimicrobial tests were performed by the microdilution method in order to determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for each extract. Extracts of this plant showed relevant antimicrobial activity, results revealed that the hexanic extract has stronger activity and broader spectrum compared to acetone and methanol extracts. The activity of hexanic extract may be attributed mainly to the presence of the monoterpenes pulegone and menthol. In conclusion, the hexanic extract possess relevant antibacterial properties which suggests that H. drummondii have bioactive principles; these new data provide scientific support for the use of this plant in traditional medicine, particularly for gastrointestinal diseases.
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Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Hedeoma/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Monoterpenos Cicloexânicos , Hexanos/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Monoterpenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Introducción: el tratamiento nutricional es uno de los pilares en el manejo de la diabetes; sin embargo se reportan bajos niveles de adherencia, constituyendo una dificultad importante para el alcance de las metas metabólicas. Objetivo: identificar la adherencia al tratamiento nutricional en un grupo de personas con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, aplicando el modelo de Conocimientos, Actitudes y Prácticas. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal realizado con un grupo de personas con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 afiliados a la Asociación Colombiana de Diabetes, en quienes se evaluaron conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas acerca del tratamiento y se relacionaron con el consumo de calorías y macronutrientes. Los datos se analizaron aplicando estadística descriptiva, prueba de correlación interna, chi cuadrado y prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: no hubo adherencia completa a las recomendaciones nutricionales, el 30% de los participantes se adhirió a la prescripción de calorías, 13% a la de carbohidratos, 23% a la de grasa y3% a la de proteína. Los conocimientos sobre la enfermedad fueron suficientes, pero los relacionados con el intercambio de alimentos no lo fueron; se encontraron actitudes positivas en la mayoría de los participantes y menos de la mitad refirió prácticas adecuadas.Discusión y conclusiones: la relación entre conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas con la adherencia no fue estadísticamente significativa, sin embargo, la correlación entre conocimientos (p = 0,057) y prácticas (p=0,053) fueron las de mayor valor. Debido a que la adherencia es un fenómeno múltiple y complejo que implica diversidad de conductas, es importante seguir explorando metodologías para identificar las variables que la condicionan.
Assuntos
Humanos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , ConhecimentoRESUMO
Introducción: el tratamiento nutricional es uno de los pilares en el manejo de la diabetes; sin embargo se reportan bajos niveles de adherencia, constituyendo una dificultad importante para el alcance de las metas metabólicas. Objetivo: identificar la adherencia al tratamiento nutricional en un grupo de personas con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, aplicando el modelo de Conocimientos, Actitudes y Prácticas. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal realizado con un grupo de personas con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 afiliados a la Asociación Colombiana de Diabetes, en quienes se evaluaron conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas acerca del tratamiento y se relacionaron con el consumo de calorías y macronutrientes. Los datos se analizaron aplicando estadística descriptiva, prueba de correlación interna, chi cuadrado y prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: no hubo adherencia completa a las recomendaciones nutricionales, el 30% de los participantes se adhirió a la prescripción de calorías, 13% a la de carbohidratos, 23% a la de grasa y3% a la de proteína. Los conocimientos sobre la enfermedad fueron suficientes, pero los relacionados con el intercambio de alimentos no lo fueron; se encontraron actitudes positivas en la mayoría de los participantes y menos de la mitad refirió prácticas adecuadas.Discusión y conclusiones: la relación entre conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas con la adherencia no fue estadísticamente significativa, sin embargo, la correlación entre conocimientos (p = 0,057) y prácticas (p=0,053) fueron las de mayor valor. Debido a que la adherencia es un fenómeno múltiple y complejo que implica diversidad de conductas, es importante seguir explorando metodologías para identificar las variables que la condicionan.(AU)
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Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Conhecimento , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em SaúdeRESUMO
La infección por H. Pylori es una de las enfermedades crónicas mas frecuentes en la actualidad, afectando a todas las personas de cualquier estrato social, raza, sexo o grupo etáreo, aunque evidentemente con distinta frecuencia y situación geográfica. En el mundo se vienen realizando continuamente muchos estudios sobre la actividad anti Helicobacter Pylori. Se logro aislar e identificar 33 cepas de Helicobacter pylori de muestras de biopsias gastricas obtenidas por el Servicio de Gastroenterologia del Hospital Arco Iris de la ciudad de La Paz. Además se pudo constatar que el extracto de Clinopodium bolivianum (Khoa) tiene una actividad anti- Helicobacter pylori bien definida con un MIC DE 64 ugml presentando solamente 6,06 porciento de cepas resistentes a su vez el extracto de Piper elonguatum (Matico) tiene actividad disminuida anti Helicobacter pylori presentando un MIC de 16 ug/ml un 42 por ciento de cepas resistentes.
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Plantas MedicinaisRESUMO
La linfadenectomía axilar ha sido siempre un componente tanto de la mastectomía como de la cirugía conservadora de mama, al proveer el estadiaje axilar, así como un control local efectivo, no sin potenciales efectos colaterales. El estado de los ganglios linfáticos axilares es una variable pronóstica significante y permanece como el más potente predictor de recurrencia y supervivencia. Sin embargo, recientemente se debate sobre el interés del potencial rol terapéutico de la terapia local agresiva para el cáncer de mama. Pocos tópicos han permanecido con controversias tan duraderas como el manejo de los ganglios linfáticos axilares en el cáncer de mama, parece que hemos pasado de una época en que la linfadenectomía axilar se consideraba indispensable a otra en la que para algunos autores parece innecesaria. En el momento actual a pesar de más de un siglo de debate nos seguimos preguntando acerca de la posibilidad que la cirugía axilar tenga un beneficio en la supervivencia de los pacientes con cáncer de mama. El siguiente trabajo nos permitirá evidenciar el rol de la linfadenectomía axilar, particularmente a la luz de los ensayos clínicos en curso
Axillary node dissection has always been a component both of mastectomy and breast conservative surgery, providing accurate axillary staging as well as effective regional control, not without potential side effects. Axillary lymph node status is a significant prognostic pathologic variable and remains the most powerful predictor of recurrence and survival. However, recently it debates about the interest in the potential therapeutic role of aggressive local therapy of breast cancer. Few topics have remained as durably controversial as the management of the axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer, it seems that we have been past time the axillary lymphadenectomy was considered indispensable respect others for some authors. At this moment, despite a century of debate, we still are wondering about the possibility of a survival benefit of the axillary surgery. This study allows us to reflect about the role of axillary lymph node dissection, particularly at light on ongoing clinical trials
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Excisão de Linfonodo , Mastectomia/métodos , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , OncologiaRESUMO
Infection of ewes by Toxoplasma gondii may induce abortions, thus it has consequences for sheep production. Colima, Western State of Mexico, has favourable climatic conditions for transmission and both domestic and wild cats live there. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of specific antibodies in sheep from the coast, a mountain, and a hill of Colima. Serum samples from 351 sheep were tested by a previously standardized indirect ELISA. The frequency of infection was estimated and the farm location and flock size, as well as the animals' age and sex were analysed as risk factors for toxoplasmosis. The frequency of antibodies depended on the altitude, being higher at sea level than at 1200 metres above sea level (OR=3.77, 95% CI=1.79-7.94, P<0.0001), and the size of the flock, being higher in the large ones (OR=2.23, 95% CI=1.35-3.71, P=0.002). Older animals were more frequently positive and with a stronger response than young ones (OR=1.77, 95% CI=1.07-2.93, P=0.016). No differences were observed between male and female sheep. In conclusion, toxoplasmosis is present in sheep of Colima with variations related to altitude, flock size and age.