RESUMO
This article presents the results of the norms for the Mexican general population in comparison with the North American normative population. This study addresses psychopathology from the point of view in which emic and etic traditions are combined. The Mexican sample includes 1744 adults from different regions of the country. Means and standard deviations were calculated and compared with the North-American normative sample. Cronbach alpha coefficients also were obtained. The greatest differences observed were in the scales L (lies) and 5 (masculinity-femininity), which indicates that the greater distinctions between both populations are with respect to test-taking attitude in taking the test, which may be due to cultural factors. In comparison to the American norms, the Mexican population does not show psychopathology on the MMPI-2 scales.
Assuntos
Características Culturais , Inventário de Personalidade , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Etnicidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valores de Referência , Fatores Sexuais , Estados Unidos/etnologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency of retinal lesions in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and to seek such lesions in carriers. STUDY DESIGN: Seventy-four individuals from 33 families were recruited; 38 had CGD (30 X-linked and 8 autosomal recessive inheritance). All participants (including 33 control subjects) underwent measurement of visual acuity, anterior segment examination by slit lamp, and dilated funduscopy. RESULTS: Nine of 38 (23.7%) of the affected children had chorioretinal lesions compared with 0 of 33 control subjects. All 9 were known to have X-linked CGD and absent gp91(phox). The "typical" retinal abnormality consisted of "punched out" chorioretinal lesions associated with pigment clumping lying along major retinal vessels. Unexpectedly, 3 XL-CGD asymptomatic carriers also had typical chorioretinal lesions. CONCLUSION: Retinal lesions are relatively common in patients with XL-CGD and may interfere with vision and thus should be sought in such patients.
Assuntos
Corioide/patologia , Doença Granulomatosa Crônica/patologia , NADPH Oxidases , Retina/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Atrofia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Coriorretinite/genética , Feminino , Testes Genéticos , Doença Granulomatosa Crônica/complicações , Doença Granulomatosa Crônica/genética , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , NADPH Oxidase 2RESUMO
This paper presents the results of a study of the Mexican Spanish version of the MMPI-2 with a clinical sample of 233 patients who were diagnosed as having psychological disturbances or personality disorders, according to DSM-III R criteria. Inpatient scores were obtained from four psychiatric hospitals, located in Mexico City. The scores of the patients were compared with those of Mexican college students, which is the largest Mexican normative sample collected to date, consisting of 813 men and 1,137 women. Results of this study show that the MMPI-2 can accurately differentiate between normal and non-normal groups in Mexican populations and demonstrate that the inventory maintains its construct validity in this clinical sample.
Assuntos
Comparação Transcultural , Etnicidade/psicologia , MMPI/estatística & dados numéricos , Admissão do Paciente , Transtornos da Personalidade/etnologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/etnologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/etnologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Personalidade/psicologia , Psicometria , Transtornos Psicóticos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Psicóticos/psicologia , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
The characterization and identification to species and subspecies of 20 stocks of Leishmania isolated from the region of Três Braços, Bahia, Brazil, are described: 17 stocks were from patients and three from dogs. The following techniques were used (i) biological (growth in culture, hamster tissues and phlebotomine gut), (ii) biochemical (isoenzyme and kinetoplast DNA analysis) and (iii) immunological (using monoclonal antibodies). All except two stocks belong to the L. braziliensis complex. One of these two corresponded to L. mexicana amazonensis but the other, while clearly in the mexicana complex, showed slight differences from the L. mexicana amazonensis reference strain on isoenzyme analysis. Two stocks from different lesions in the same patient and with different growth characteristics in hamster tissues were both identified as L. braziliensis braziliensis. All the fully characterized stocks of the L. braziliensis complex were identified as L. braziliensis braziliensis. L. braziliensis guyanensis was not identified. Dog and human stocks of L. braziliensis braziliensis were indistinguishable. From these findings and other evidence, L. braziliensis braziliensis seems to be the predominant species transmitted in Três Braços.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Leishmania braziliensis/isolamento & purificação , Leishmania/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose Mucocutânea/parasitologia , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Brasil , Cricetinae , DNA Mitocondrial/análise , Cães , Eletroforese em Gel de Amido , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Isoenzimas/análise , Leishmania braziliensis/análise , Leishmania braziliensis/enzimologia , Leishmania mexicana/análise , Leishmania mexicana/enzimologia , Leishmania mexicana/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose/parasitologia , Leishmaniose/veterinária , Leishmaniose Mucocutânea/veterináriaRESUMO
Kinetoplast DNA (kDNA), initially characterized by buoyant density, from ten reference isolates of the Leishmania braziliensis and L. mexicana complexes has been radio-actively labelled and used as hybridization probes. Filters containing endonuclease digested, electrophoresed, Southern transferred fragments of kDNA from reference and other isolates sent to us for DNA typing have been tested for kDNA sequence homology. We record a complete lack of sequence homology between kDNA of any isolate of the L. braziliensis complex and kDNA of any isolate of the L. mexicana complex. L. b. braziliensis, L. b. guyanensis and L. b. panamensis have kDNA sequences in common with each other and with a number of test isolates from Brazil, Panama, Venezuela and Peru. L. b. panamensis (1.695 g/ml) can be separated from L. b. braziliensis or L. b. guyanensis (1.691-1.693 g/ml) by differences in buoyant density of kDNA. L. m. mexicana and L. m. pifanoi have kDNA sequences in common with each other but kDNA of L. m. amazonensis has insignificant homology with kDNA of other reference isolates of the L. mexicana complex. We conclude that the kDNAs of species of the L. mexicana complex are sufficiently different from kDNA of species of the L. braziliensis complex to make kDNA sequence homology identification a feasible proposition.
Assuntos
DNA , Leishmania/classificação , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Leishmania/genética , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , UltracentrifugaçãoRESUMO
This report emphasises the striking correlation between the world distribution of dairy production and consumption and the incidence of multiple sclerosis. The irregular distribution of multiple sclerosis has been extensively investigated and many comparative studies of specific variables undertaken. It seems likely that there could be a combination of predisposing or precipitating factors involved in its aetiology, and that some environmental phenomenon plays a part. This report suggests that milk consumption may be a common aetiological factor.