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1.
Am J Ther ; 15(4): 409-16, 2008.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18645347

RESUMO

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that results from defects in both insulin secretion and insulin action. Questions remain about when insulin therapy is indicated; thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate homeostasis model assessment beta-cell (HOMAbetacell) values as surrogate criteria for insulin therapy indication in patients with type 2 diabetes. A prospective study was performed involving 189 type 2 diabetic patients with deficient metabolic control assessed by clinical and laboratory parameters. All patients received nutritional intervention and combination therapy with metformin and glimepiride. Patients who did not respond were admitted to the next phase, which consisted of glimepiride + metformin + rosiglitazone oral therapy and revaluation after 3 months. Comparisons between responders and nonresponders in this phase were made in order to achieve differences in metabolic parameters and beta cell function. Of 189 patients studied, 150 (79.36%) were considered full responders in the first phase of this study. The remaining 39 patients were admitted in the second trial phase, in which 20 patients (51.28%) responded to triple oral therapy, while the other 19 (49.72%) required insulin therapy. Significant differences were found in fasting and postprandial glycemia (P < 0.001; P < 0.004) between the non-insulin-requiring group (200 +/- 12.0 mg/dL; 266.05 +/- 17,67 mg/dL) and the insulin-requiring group (291.5 +/- 17.6 mg/dL; 361.6 +/- 26.1 mg/dL). Likewise, significant differences were observed in homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMAIR) and HOMAbetacell values (P < 0.002; P < 0.04) between non-insulin-requiring patients (7.7 +/- 0.8; 24.5 +/- 1.3%) and insulin-requiring patients (12.6 +/- 1.2; 19.4 +/- 2.4%). Finally, significant differences were observed when comparing body mass index (non-insulin-requiring group, 29.2 +/- 0.4 kg/m, versus insulin-requiring group, 27.1 +/- 0.9 kg/m; P < 0.05). HOMAbetacell determination in clinical practice is a useful tool to determine when insulin therapy should be started for type 2 diabetic patients.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Insulina/uso terapêutico , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Quimioterapia Combinada , Seguimentos , Hemostasia , Humanos , Insulina/metabolismo , Resistência à Insulina , Células Secretoras de Insulina/metabolismo , Metformina/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Biológicos , Estudos Prospectivos , Rosiglitazona , Compostos de Sulfonilureia/uso terapêutico , Tiazolidinedionas/uso terapêutico
2.
Arch. venez. farmacol. ter ; 27(1): 40-57, 2008. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-517087

RESUMO

La interacción entre el ambiente y la genética durante la evolución de la especie humana ha predispuesto al padecimiento de muchas enfermedades crónico-degenerativas comunes de nuestra sociedad occidentalizada. El genotipo “Thrifty”, producto de la adaptación del hombre paleolítico y neolítico al medio, se caracteriza por hiperinsulinemia sin inhibición de la gluconeogenesis, que, aunada al estilo de vida condiciona el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV). Múltiples hipótesis intentan explicar la elevada morbimortalidad por ECV en los diferentes grupos étnicos. Por ejemplo, las poblaciones afro-americanas presentan isoformas de proteínas desacoplantes relacionados con bajo gasto energético basal y metabolismo oxidativo de los ácidos grasos (AG) disminuido, así como una concentración elevada de Lipoproteína(a) y alta sensibilidad a la sal. La población asiática posee numerosos factores de riesgos cardiovasculares contrarrestados en parte por una dieta rica en PUFA´s ω-3. No obstante, los indio-asiáticos aún teniendo una dieta baja en AG saturados, presentan alta prevalencia de ECV, lo que se ha tratado de explicar por la expresión de un genotipo “Thrifty”. Las poblaciones hispánicas caracterizadas por su origen multirracial presentan alta incidencia de obesidad y diabetes relacionada a leptinorresistencia e insulinorresistencia, con hiperinsulinemia compensadora –de duración variable- que aparentemente precede a la hipertensión arterial esencial. En poblaciones indígenas norteamericanas como los Pima se observa la prevalencia más alta de diabetes a nivel mundial, sugiriéndose una conexión con el gen de la PPP1R3, niveles de TNF-α elevados e IL-6, entre otros.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Etnicidade , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/patologia , Genótipo , Fenótipo , Fatores de Risco
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