RESUMO
Zinc is a vital trace element, yet its deficiency is common in various populations. This study addresses the gap in understanding zinc intake and its relationship with key nutritional parameters in a Colombian population. We analyzed data from 12,987 individuals, focusing on the daily intake of zinc, phytate, protein, and calcium, and used the phytate/zinc molar ratio as an input parameter in the Miller et al. (2013) model. This model was employed to estimate the total absorbed zinc (TAZ) and the fractional absorption of zinc (FAZ). Our findings highlight a general trend towards insufficient intake compared to the standards of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and Colombia, with a significant percentage of the population falling below the estimated average requirement (EAR) and recommended daily allowance (RDA) for zinc, underscoring the need for targeted nutritional strategies. Our study contributes to a broader understanding of zinc nutrition and public health implications in Colombia, providing a basis for future dietary guidelines and health interventions.
RESUMO
Enrichment is the addition of nutrients to a food that does not contain them naturally, which is conducted in a mandatory manner and in order to solve a nutritional deficiency in the population. Enriched petipan are products that contain heme iron. The objective of this research was to evaluate the physical, chemical, mechanical and sensory characteristics of petipan produced with Andean grain flours and heme iron concentrate. A completely randomized design (CRD) with five experimental treatments was used with different levels of heme iron. The results show the direct influence of the heme concentration level on the chromatic, mechanical and textural characteristics of petipan. As the heme concentrate increases, its mechanical properties are considerably affected, with there being a correlation between the color intensity and a considerable reduction in its porosity. Samples without heme iron (T0) and 1% heme iron concentrate (T1) present the best mechanical and sensory characteristics; however, the incorporation of heme concentrate directly influences its nutritional, textural, and mainly chromatic components.
Assuntos
Farinha , Ferro , Ferro/química , Farinha/análise , Heme/química , Grão Comestível/metabolismoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, endoscopic procedures are associated with a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, in cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), priority should be given to an early endoscopy. OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to compare the time since arrival at the hospital and the performance of the endoscopy between both groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study. Data contains information of patients who attended to the hospital with UGIB and underwent an endoscopy between October 19th, 2019 and June 6th, 2020. Patients were divided into 2 phases: pre-pandemic and pandemic. The time between arrival at the hospital and the performance of the endoscopy in both phases were compared as well as other indicators such hospital stay and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: With information from 219 patients, the median age was 69 years. 154 and 65 endoscopies were performed in pre-pandemic and pandemic phase, respectively. The time between arrival at the hospital and the performance of the endoscopy was significantly longer during the pandemic (10.00 vs. 13.08 hours, p-value = 0.019). Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in hospital stay or mortality. CONCLUSION: The management of patients with UGIB during the COVID-19 pandemic is complex and requires the application of clinical judgment to decide the best timing to perform an endoscopy without affecting patient care.
Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/tendências , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral , Padrões de Prática Médica/tendências , Tempo para o Tratamento/tendências , Trato Gastrointestinal Superior/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , COVID-19 , Tomada de Decisão Clínica , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/mortalidade , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/terapia , Mortalidade Hospitalar/tendências , Humanos , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Tempo de Internação/tendências , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Peru , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Introduction : During the COVID-19 pandemic, endoscopic procedures are associated with a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, in cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), priority should be given to an early endoscopy. Objective : The main objective was to compare the time since arrival at the hospital and the performance of the endoscopy between both groups. Materials and methods : We performed a retrospective study. Data contains information of patients who attended to the hospital with UGIB and underwent an endoscopy between October 19th, 2019 and June 6th, 2020. Patients were divided into 2 phases: pre-pandemic and pandemic. The time between arrival at the hospital and the performance of the endoscopy in both phases were compared as well as other indicators such hospital stay and in-hospital mortality. Results : With information from 219 patients, the median age was 69 years. 154 and 65 endoscopies were performed in pre-pandemic and pandemic phase, respectively. The time between arrival at the hospital and the performance of the endoscopy was significantly longer during the pandemic (10.00 vs. 13.08 hours, p-value = 0.019). Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in hospital stay or mortality. Conclusion : The management of patients with UGIB during the COVID-19 pandemic is complex and requires the application of clinical judgment to decide the best timing to perform an endoscopy without affecting patient care.
RESUMEN Introducción : Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, los procedimientos endoscópicos se asocian con un alto riesgo de infección por SARS-CoV-2. Sin embargo, en casos de hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA), se debe dar prioridad a una endoscopia precoz. Objetivo : El objetivo principal fue comparar el tiempo transcurrido desde la llegada al hospital y la realización de la endoscopia entre ambos grupos. Materiales y métodos : Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo. Los datos contienen información de pacientes que acudieron al hospital con HDA y fueron sometidos a endoscopia entre el 19 de octubre de 2019 y el 6 de junio de 2020. Los pacientes se dividieron en 2 fases: prepandémica y pandémica. Se comparó el tiempo transcurrido entre la llegada al hospital y la realización de la endoscopia en ambas fases, así como otros indicadores como la estancia hospitalaria y la mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Resultados : Con información de 219 pacientes, la mediana de edad fue de 69 años. Se realizaron 154 y 65 endoscopias en fase prepandémica y pandémica, respectivamente. El tiempo entre la llegada al hospital y la realización de la endoscopia fue significativamente mayor durante la pandemia (10,00 frente a 13,08 horas, valor de p = 0,019). Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias significativas en la estancia hospitalaria ni en la mortalidad. Conclusión : El manejo de pacientes con HDA durante la pandemia de COVID-19 es complejo y requiere la aplicación del juicio clínico para decidir el mejor momento para realizar una endoscopia sin afectar la atención del paciente.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumonia Viral , Padrões de Prática Médica/tendências , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/tendências , Infecções por Coronavirus , Trato Gastrointestinal Superior/diagnóstico por imagem , Pandemias , Tempo para o Tratamento/tendências , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Peru , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Estudos Retrospectivos , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Mortalidade Hospitalar/tendências , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Tomada de Decisão Clínica , COVID-19 , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/mortalidade , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/terapia , Tempo de Internação/tendênciasRESUMO
PURPOSE: To analyze some of the bioethical dilemmas that may arise during the process required for corneal transplantation. METHODS: We conducted a narrative review based on the available literature and the experience of cornea specialists from 3 different countries. RESULTS: Bioethical dilemmas related to informed consent for organ and tissue donation, allocation of corneal tissues, transplant tourism, corneal tissue exportation and importation, and for-profit eye banking were analyzed and discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Around the world, the number of required corneal transplants exceeds the number of donated corneas that are available and suitable for transplantation. This shortage of corneal tissue has led to the emergence of practices that may put the 4 basic principles of bioethics at risk: autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. Therefore, it has been necessary to create ethical guidelines such as the Barcelona Principles and the World Health Organization Principles of Transplantation that attempt to regulate these practices.
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Bioética , Transplante de Córnea/ética , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido/ética , Doadores de Tecidos/ética , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/ética , HumanosRESUMO
Fluorescent permeant charged probes are commonly used for monitoring the trans-membrane potential in lipid vesicles and biological membranes, which has been earlier described by various mathematical models. In the present study, we developed a more complex model based on the computational step-by-step analysis of the influence of various factors, such as the membrane surface potential, ionic strength, and the aggregation properties of cationic cyanine probe DiSC3(5) in the membrane and aqueous phases, in addition to the Nernstian distribution of the probe across the membrane and the hydrophobic interaction with the lipid bilayer. The final full model allows prediction of the optimal experimental conditions for monitoring the trans-membrane potential, such as the probe/lipid ratio and the concentration of liposomes, with a given percentage of negatively charged phospholipids in the membrane, the ionic strength of the aqueous media, the "membrane-water" partition coefficient and the aggregation properties of the probe, as well as the most adequate mode of fluorescence measurement. In agreement with many experimental studies, this model showed high voltage sensitivity of the quantity of the aqueous phase DiSC3(5) monomers, showing its almost exponential decrease with an increase in the trans-membrane potential value. The model also demonstrated the highest voltage sensitivity of the ratio of the quantity of DiSC3(5) monomers in the aqueous phases to that in the membrane phase. A new combined parameter, the logarithmic function of this ratio, demonstrated almost linear changes within a wide range of the trans-membrane potential changes.
Assuntos
Benzotiazóis/metabolismo , Carbocianinas/metabolismo , Simulação por Computador , Corantes Fluorescentes/metabolismo , Potenciais da Membrana , Benzotiazóis/química , Carbocianinas/química , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Dimerização , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Lipossomos/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Delayed graft function (DGF) is defined as the need for dialysis within the first seven days of transplantation. The frequency of DGF has decreased in the last five years compared with the previous 20 years of the kidney transplant program at a Mexican referral hospital. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and risk factors for DGF in the past five years (2009-2013). METHODS: We analyzed a retrospective cohort of renal transplant recipients from deceased donors at our hospital between March 2009 and May 2013 (Period 2), and compared the results with a previously evaluated cohort (Period 1, between January 1990 and February 2009). RESULTS: During the analyzed period, 78 deceased donor transplants were performed. The frequency of DGF was 9%. Multivariate analysis showed that recipient older age (OR: 1.074419; 95% CI: 1.0009-1.155116; p = 0.05), transoperative amines administration (OR: 7.73; 95% CI: 1.037-57.6; p = 0.046), and hypotension during surgery in the recipient (OR: 11.6; 95% CI: 1.33-100.8; p = 0.026) were risk factors for DGF. CONCLUSION: The incidence of DGF has significantly decreased in the past five years when compared to the previous 20 years in our hospital.
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Aminas/administração & dosagem , Função Retardada do Enxerto/epidemiologia , Hipotensão/epidemiologia , Transplante de Rim , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Diálise Renal , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Centros de Atenção TerciáriaRESUMO
Alloxan and oxidative stress, which have been detected in livers of laboratory animals shortly after in vivo alloxan administration, cause in vitro mitochondrial dysfunction, thus questioning alloxan diabetes as an acceptable model for type 1 diabetes, a model that cannot legitimately be used to investigate mitochondrial metabolism in a diabetic state. In the current study, the blood glucose concentration increased in the drug-treated group of Sprague-Dawley rats (compared with the placebo group) 45 or 60 min after alloxan treatment, whereas at 30 min the blood glucose concentration was unchanged. State 4, state 3, respiratory control, efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial ATP synthase activity, assayed using glutamate plus malate, pyruvate plus malate, or succinate as a substrate, were not negatively altered during the entire study. These results indicated that early increases of blood glucose concentration, after in vivo alloxan administration, did not lead to liver mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that alloxan diabetes can be used for the study of liver mitochondrial respiration in a diabetic state.
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Aloxano/administração & dosagem , Glicemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangue , Hiperglicemia/induzido quimicamente , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/induzido quimicamente , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Ácido Glutâmico/metabolismo , Hiperglicemia/sangue , Hiperglicemia/metabolismo , Malatos/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/enzimologia , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/metabolismo , ATPases Mitocondriais Próton-Translocadoras/metabolismo , Fosforilação Oxidativa/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Pirúvico/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ácido Succínico/metabolismoRESUMO
Over 4 decades ago, microelectrode studies of in situ nuclei showed that, under certain conditions, the nuclear envelope (NE) behaves as a barrier opposing the nucleocytoplasmic flow of physiological ions. As the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) of the NE are the only pathways for direct nucleocytoplasmic flow, those experiments implied that the NPCs are capable of restricting ion flow. These early studies validated electrophysiology as a useful approach to quantify some of the mechanisms by which NPCs mediate gene activity and expression. Since electron microscopy (EM) and other non-electrophysiological investigations, showed that the NPC lumen is a nanochannel, the opinion prevailed that the NPC could not oppose the flow of ions and, therefore, that electrophysiological observations resulted from technical artifacts. Consequently, the initial enthusiasm with nuclear electrophysiology faded out in less than a decade. In 1990, nuclear electrophysiology was revisited with patch-clamp, the most powerful electrophysiological technique to date. Patch-clamp has consistently demonstrated that the NE has intrinsic ion channel activity. Direct demonstrations of the NPC on-off ion channel gating behavior were published for artificial conditions in 1995 and for intact living nuclei in 2002. This on-off switching/gating behavior can be interpreted in terms of a metastable energy barrier. In the hope of advancing nuclear electrophysiology, and to complement the other papers contained in this special issue of the journal, here I review some of the main technical, experimental, and theoretical issues of the field, with special focus on NPCs.
Assuntos
Poro Nuclear/fisiologia , Animais , Eletrofisiologia , Humanos , Canais Iônicos/fisiologia , Técnicas de Patch-ClampRESUMO
Coconut is a major crop of many poor nations. The present paper shows with inexpensive fluorescence microscopy of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), that coconut water has the capability of synthesizing proteins from recombinant DNA vectors. After only 4 hrs of 100 pM application of the EGFP plasmid (pEGFP), a strong fluorescent signal was detected with an off-the-shelf, low-tech CCD webcam. Since natural coconut water is sterile, this heat-stable delivery system may be a good option for the dissemination of food supplements and pharmaceuticals in poor nations. As expensive substances could be expressed in coconut water, through bioreactor technology or micropropagation, the concepts presented here may prove invaluable to the economic and social advancement of many developing countries.
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Biotecnologia , Cocos/citologia , Cocos/genética , Água , Reatores Biológicos , Cocos/fisiologia , DNA Recombinante , Alimentos Geneticamente Modificados , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Produtos Biológicos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are important nanochannels for the control of gene activity and expression. Most of our knowledge of NPC function has been derived from isolated nuclei and permeabilized cells in cell lysates/extracts. Since recent patch-clamp work has challenged the dogma that NPCs are freely permeable to small particles, a preparation of isolated living nuclei in their native liquid environment was sought and found: the syncytial nuclei in the water of the coconut Cocos nucifera. These nuclei have all properties of NPC-mediated macromolecular transport (MMT) and express foreign green fluorescent protein (GFP) plasmids. They display chromatin movement, are created by particle aggregation or by division, can grow by throwing filaments to catch material, etc. This study shows, for the first time, that living NPCs engaged in MMT do not transport physiological ions - a phenomenon that explains observations of nucleocytoplasmic ion gradients. Since coconuts are inexpensive (less than US$1/nut per litre), this robust preparation may contribute to our understanding of NPCs and cell nucleus and to the development of biotechnologies for the production of DNA, RNA and proteins.
Assuntos
Núcleo Celular/fisiologia , Cocos/metabolismo , Canais Iônicos/fisiologia , Núcleo Celular/ultraestrutura , Cromatina/metabolismo , Cromatina/ultraestrutura , Cocos/ultraestrutura , DNA/biossíntese , DNA/genética , Eletrofisiologia , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde , Canais Iônicos/ultraestrutura , Proteínas Luminescentes/biossíntese , Proteínas Luminescentes/genética , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Permeabilidade , Plasmídeos , RNA/biossínteseRESUMO
En un lapso de doce años, fueron intervenidos 31 niños por diversos tipos de hidrocefalia mediante la colocación de un catéter de derivación ventrículo-peritoneal. Veintidos pacientes presentaron complicaciones, de las cuales 11 fueron abdominales. Cuatro pacientes presentaron pseudoquistes intraabdominales, lo cual es una complicación poco frecuente. Un paciente falleció debido a esas complicaciones. Se insiste en la importancia del tratamiento multidisciplinario para obtener buenos resultados
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Humanos , Cateterismo , Derivações do Líquido Cefalorraquidiano , Complicações IntraoperatóriasRESUMO
Se hace referencia a una técnica psicoterapéutica elaborada por el autor sobre los principios de la concepción pavloviana para la curación de la impotencia, la cual hubo de presentar en el Congreso Internacional de Psicoterapia celebrado en Leyden en 1951 y luego publicado en 1952. Se destaca la importancia de la inducción negativa, la fase paradojal y la desinhibición. Se expone la técnica a seguir, así como las recomendaciones hechas al enfermo para actuar en lo que se llama coito dirigido, pues el enfermo va a él como una parte fundamental del tratamiento pero actuando sólo como le señala el psicoterapeuta. Se indican dos coitos dirigidos por semana y una sesión de psicoterapia intercalada. Se añaden a los 56 casos presentados en 1951, 426 tratados en 17 años, lo cual ofrece un total de 482. Se hace referencia a la alta frecuencia de las impotencias en las cuales es útil este proceder. Se concluye su utilidad así como su duración promedia de 4 meses y un número de 35 sesiones. Se aconseja su utilización, así como la comparación de resultados ofrecidos(AU)