RESUMO

The p-coumaric acid, a phenolic acid, occurs in several plant species and, consequently, in many foods and beverages of vegetable origin. Its antioxidant activity is well documented, but there is also a single report about an inhibitory action on the monocarboxylate carrier, which operates in the plasma and mitochondrial membranes. The latter observation suggests that p-coumaric acid could be able to inhibit gluconeogenesis and related parameters. The present investigation was planned to test this hypothesis in the isolated and hemoglobin-free perfused rat liver. Transformation of lactate and alanine into glucose (gluconeogenesis) in the liver was inhibited by p-coumaric acid (IC50 values of 92.5 and 75.6 microM, respectively). Transformation of fructose into glucose was inhibited to a considerably lower degree (maximally 28%). The oxygen uptake increase accompanying gluconeogenesis from lactate was also inhibited. Pyruvate carboxylation in isolated intact mitochondria was inhibited (IC50 = 160.1 microM); no such effect was observed in freeze-thawing disrupted mitochondria. Glucose 6-phosphatase and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase were not inhibited. In isolated intact mitochondria, p-coumaric acid inhibited respiration dependent on pyruvate oxidation but was ineffective on respiration driven by succinate and beta-hydroxybutyrate. It can be concluded that inhibition of pyruvate transport into the mitochondria is the most prominent primary effect of p-coumaric acid and also the main cause for gluconeogenesis inhibition. The existence of additional actions of p-coumaric acid, such as enzyme inhibitions and interference with regulatory mechanisms, cannot be excluded.

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RESUMO

It has been suggested that active forms of quercetin ( o-semiquinones) are able to oxidize NADH in mammalian cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate this proposition by measuring the beta-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate ratio as an indicator of the mitochondrial NADH/NAD (+) redox ratio in the isolated perfused rat liver. The NADH to NAD (+) ratio was reduced by quercetin; half-maximal reduction occurred at a concentration of 32.6 microM. Additionally, quercetin (25 to 300 microM) stimulated the Krebs cycle ( (14)CO (2) production) and inhibited oxygen uptake (50 to 300 microM). Low quercetin concentrations (25 microM) stimulated oxygen uptake. The results of the present work confirm the hypothesis that quercetin is able to participate in the oxidation of NADH in mammalian cells, shifting the cellular conditions to a more oxidized state (prooxidant activity). Stimulation of the Krebs cycle was probably caused by the increased NAD (+) availability whereas the decreased NADH availability and the inhibition of mitochondrial energy transduction could be the main causes for oxygen uptake inhibition.

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RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Investigamos a ocorrência de Streptococcus pyogenes em indivíduos com faringoamigdalite que espontaneamente procuraram atendimento em farmácias e unidades de saúde. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Coorte longitudinal. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Com auxílio de "swab" e abaixador de língua foram coletadas amostras da orofaringe de 58 indivíduos, as quais foram semeadas por técnica de esgotamento em placas contendo ágar sangue. No momento da coleta, nenhum dos indivíduos estava sob tratamento com antibióticos. A identificação do S. pyogenes foi feita presuntivamente pelo teste de sensibilidade a bacitracina e confirmada pela grupagem sorológica através da extração do antígeno grupo-específico. RESULTADOS: Das 58 amostras de orofaringe analisadas, 32 (55,2 por cento) foram provenientes de indivíduos atendidos em farmácias e 26 (44,8 por cento) foram obtidas daqueles que procuraram as unidades de saúde. Um total de 15 (25,9 por cento) amostras apresentou cultura positiva para S. pyogenes, sendo a maioria dos isolamentos (9/15, 60 por cento) proveniente de indivíduos atendidos em farmácia. Streptococcus pyogenes foi isolado em 33,3 por cento (11/33) dos indivíduos com idade entre zero e 15 anos e em 16 por cento (4/25) daqueles com idade acima de 15 anos. As 15 cepas isoladas foram sensíveis a todos os antimicrobianos testados. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados do presente estudo enfatizam a importância do diagnóstico bacteriológico no tratamento adequado da faringoamigdalite estreptocócica que permite a prevenção das complicações supurativas ou não supurativas e a erradicação do microrganismo da orofaringe.