RESUMO
Trypanosomosis is a tropical disease caused by various protozoan haemoparasites, which affects wild and domestic animals, the latter ones related to worldwide livestock production systems. Species such as Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma evansi have been described using serological and molecular tools in several countries from South and Central America. However, Ecuador presents a relevant knowledge gap in the associated general epidemiology and risk factors of the disease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of trypanosomosis in cattle from different regions of Ecuador. 745 serum samples from 7 Coastal and 3 Amazon provinces were screened for IgG anti-Trypanosoma spp. antibodies, using an in-house indirect ELISA. The seropositivity was explored and associated with several variables such as sex, age, breed, region, management, and province, using statistical tools. The general seroprevalence of trypanosomosis was 19.1% (95% CI: 16.30-22.1%). The Amazonian provinces of Sucumbíos and Napo and the Coastal province of Esmeraldas presented the highest seroprevalence values of 36.7% (95% CI: 27.67-46.47%), 23.64% (95% CI: 16.06-32.68%) and 25% (95% CI: 15.99-35.94%), respectively. Statistical significance was found for the region, province, and management variables, indicating as relevant risk factors the extensive management and Amazon location of the cattle analyzed. Specific actions should be taken to identify the exact species on reservoirs and susceptible hosts, evaluate the implication of farm management and cattle movement as risk factors, and implement surveillance and treatment plans for affected herds.
Assuntos
Trypanosoma , Animais , Bovinos , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Equador/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Feminino , Masculino , Trypanosoma/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/sangue , Tripanossomíase Bovina/epidemiologia , Tripanossomíase Bovina/sangue , Tripanossomíase/veterinária , Tripanossomíase/epidemiologia , Tripanossomíase/parasitologia , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterináriaRESUMO
Addressing the improvement of the textile characteristics is currently required in natural color production of alpaca fiber. This study analyses the possibility of implementing a genetic improvement program aiming to reduce the fiber diameter and the percentage of medullation in natural colors under the incomplete definition of the natural colors of alpaca fiber. The study considers color determination analysis in three separate steps. The first step aimed at finding the values of lightness (L*), red/green axis (a*), yellow/blue axis (b*) of three-dimensional space of color and chroma (C*ab), tone (h*ab) and color difference (ΔE) with mathematical models for the description of the coat color. The second analysis is aimed at estimating genetic parameters of color traits and their correlation with fiber traits (fiber diameter, standard deviations and percentage of medullation - PM). The third step was to determine the potential selection criteria of breeding animals based on the parameters provided by a three-dimensional space values regarding the coat color assignment in alpacas. The colorimetric data were taken using a Chroma meter device analyzing 3 008 records from Huacaya type alpacas, collected between 2018 and 2019. In the first objective of the study, the color traits were subjected to a principal component analysis. The analysis of variance components and the estimation of genetic parameters were carried out using a restricted maximum likelihood procedure. The discriminant analysis was used for the correct assignment of the coat color. The principal component analysis results showed that the L*, a*, b*, h*ab and ΔE values can be grouped into two Principal Components (PC) to describe the color, where the L* value is mainly distributed in PC2, b* is distributed in PC1, while a* is distributed in both components. The heritabilities found were 0.144, 0.128, 0.151, 0.104 and 0.152 for L*, a*, b*, PC1 and PC2. The relevant genetic correlations were between L*-PM (-0.557) and b*-PM (-0.622). The discriminant analysis showed a high percentage of correct assignment in white (99.15%) and black (99.19%) coat colors for Huacaya type alpacas, while for the intermediate colors, the accuracy was lower. The three analyses showed that there is no pure natural color, but a range of color variation. It is better to use the values of the three-dimensional space and within them, the values of L* and b* are potential selection criteria to be included in a genetic improvement program.
Assuntos
Camelídeos Americanos , Colorimetria , Animais , Cor , Colorimetria/veterinária , Fibras na Dieta , FenótipoRESUMO
This study focuses on fructanase production in a batch reactor by a new strain isolated from agave juice (K. marxianus var. drosophilarum) employing different Agave tequilana fructan (ATF) concentrations as substrate. The experimental data suggest that the fructanase production may be inhibited or repressed by high substrate (50 g/L) and ethanol (20.7 g/L) concentrations present in culture medium. To further analyze these phenomena an unstructured kinetic mathematical model taking into account substrate and products inhibition was proposed and fitted. The mathematical model considers six reaction kinetics and the ethanol evaporation, and predicts satisfactorily the biomass, fructan, glucose, fructose, ethanol, and fructanase behavior for different raw material initial concentrations. The proposed model is the first to satisfactorily describe the production of fructanase from branched ATF with a new strain of K. marxianus.
Assuntos
Agave/microbiologia , Técnicas de Cultura Celular por Lotes , Reatores Biológicos , Proteínas Fúngicas/biossíntese , Glicosídeo Hidrolases/biossíntese , Kluyveromyces/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Kluyveromyces/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The alpaca fiber diameter (FD) varies from 18 to 36 µm, being the finer fiber categories highly appreciated. However, the alpaca fiber presents some limitations in the textile industry due to the high incidence of fiber medullation and diameter variability, both reduces the comfort feeling of the garments. Decreasing or even removing medullation could be a possible selection objective in alpaca breeding programs for increasing economic value of the alpaca fiber. Therefore, the present work aimed to estimate genetic parameters regarding medullation traits, as well as the genetic correlations with other economical important traits, to be able to select the appropriate criteria to reduce or remove medullation on alpaca fiber and help to reduce the prickle factor in the garments. The data was collected from 2000 to 2017 and belonged to the Pacomarca experimental farm. There were 3698 medullation records corresponding to 1869 Huacaya and 414 Suri genetic types. The fiber samples were taken from the mid side, and were analyzed in an OFDA 100® device. The traits analyzed were percentage of medullation (PM), medullated fiber diameter (MFD), FD, standard deviation of FD, greasy fleece weight as fiber traits; density, crimp in Huacaya and lock structure in Suri, head conformation, leg coverage as morphological traits; weaning weight and age at first calving as secondary and functional traits. Genetic parameters were estimated via a multitrait restricted maximum likelihood. The heritabilities for PM and MFD were 0.225 and 0.237 in Huacaya genetic type and 0.664 and 0.237 in Suri genetic type, respectively; heritabilities for other traits were moderate for productive and morphological traits, and low to moderate for secondary and functional traits. The genetic correlations PM-FD and MFD-FD were high and favorable in both genetic types, between 0.531 and 0.975; the genetic correlation PM-MFD was 0.121 in Huacaya and 0.427 in Suri. The rest of genetic correlations with other traits were in general moderate and favorable. The repeatabilities were 0.556 and 0.668 for PM, and 0.322 and 0.293 for MFD in Huacaya and Suri genetic types, respectively. As a conclusion, PM was identified to be a good selection criterion, probably combined in an index with FD to reduce prickling factor.
RESUMO
La estenosis aórtica severa sintomática secundaria a calcificación degenerativa constituye un reto terapéutico si el paciente no es tributario de tratamiento quirúrgico de reemplazo valvular. La colocación de un implante valvular aórtico transcatéter (TAVI) es una alternativa terapéutica para estos casos. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 78 años con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial, enfermedad renal crónica (estadio IIIa), tabaquismo pesado, portador de marcapaso definitivo, enfermedad arterial periférica y policitemia vera. A la evaluación, el paciente cursaba con una disnea de clase III (escala NYHA) desde hace un año. El ecocardiograma transtorácico mostró calcificación severa de velos aórticos, una fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda de 44,7% y un área valvular de 0,58 cm2 (0,31 cm2/m2); la angiografía mostró enfermedad arterial coronaria moderada y la angiotomografía una calcificación severa de la aorta torácica ('aorta en porcelana'). Por considerarlo de alto riesgo, se realizó colocación de TAVI por vía transapical (válvula bioprotésica Braile Biomédica N° 30), con controles ecocardiográficos satisfactorios. El caso que presentamos constituye el primero realizado en el norte del país
Severe symptomatic aortic stenosis secondary to degenerative calcification may be a real therapeutic challenge if the patient does not undergo an aortic valve replacement. Transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement is a valid therapeutic option for these cases. We present the case of a 78-year old male with the following past and current medical history: high blood pressure, chronic kidney disease (stage IIIa), heavy tobacco smoking, use of a permanent pacemaker, peripheral arterial disease, and polycythemia vera. When assessed, the patient had had class III heart failure (NYHA classification) for one year. Transthoracic ultrasonography showed severe calcification of the aortic cusps, a 44.7% left ventricular ejection fraction, and a 0.58 cm2 (0.31 cm2/m2) valve surface area. Angiography showed moderate coronary heart disease, and angiotomography showed severe calcification of the aortic valve ('porcelain aorta'). Since this patient was considered at high-risk, a transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement was performed (Braille Biomedical N° 30 bioprosthetic valve), and the ultrasonography controls showed satisfactory results. This case is the first procedure of its kind performed in Northern Peru
RESUMO
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of quebracho tannins extract (QTE) on feed intake, dry matter (DM) digestibility, and methane (CH4) emissions in cattle fed low-quality Pennisetum purpureum grass. Five heifers (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) with an average live weight (LW) of 295 ± 19 kg were allotted to five treatments (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% QTE/kg DM) in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Intake, digestibility, and total methane emissions (L/day) were recorded for periods of 23 h when cattle were housed in open-circuit respiration chambers. Dry matter intake (DMI), organic matter intake (OMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), and organic matter digestibility (OMD) were different between treatments with 0 and 4% of QTE/kg DM (P < 0.05). Total volatile fatty acid and the molar proportion of acetate in the rumen was not affected (P < 0.05); however, the molar proportion of propionate increased linearly (P < 0.01) for treatments with 3 and 4% QTE. Total CH4 production decreased linearly (P < 0.01) as QTE increased in the diet, particularly with 3 and 4% concentration. When expressed as DMI and OMI by CH4, production (L/kg) was different between treatments with 0 vs 3 and 4% QTE (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the addition of QTE at 2 or 3% of dry matter ration can decrease methane production up to 29 and 41%, respectively, without significantly compromising feed intake and nutrients digestibility.
Assuntos
Anacardiaceae/química , Dieta/veterinária , Digestão/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Alimentar/efeitos dos fármacos , Metano/metabolismo , Taninos/administração & dosagem , Poluentes Atmosféricos/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análise , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Bovinos , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Pennisetum/fisiologia , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Árvores/químicaRESUMO
An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of supplementing ground pods of Enterolobium cyclocarpum in a basal ration of Pennisetum purpureum grass on feed intake, rumen volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and protozoa and methane (CH4) production by hair sheep. Four male sheep (Pelibuey × Katahdin) with a mean live weight of 27.0 kg (SD ± 0.5) were supplemented with 0.00, 0.15, 0.30, and 0.45 kg of dry matter (DM) of E. cyclocarpum pods daily; equivalent to 0.00, 4.35, 8.70, and 13.05 g of crude saponins, respectively. Dry matter intake (DMI), organic matter intake (OMI), and molar proportions of propionic acid increased linearly (P < 0.05) as pods of E. cyclocarpum in the ration were increased. Higher intakes of DM and OM were found when lambs were fed 0.45 kg DM per day of E. cyclocarpum, and the highest proportion of propionic acid (0.21 and 0.22, respectively) was obtained with 0.15 and 0.30 kg of DM per lamb of E. cyclocarpum, while apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and molar proportion of acetic acid were reduced (P < 0.05). Rumen CH4 production decreased (P < 0.05) when 0.30 and 0.45 kg of DM/lamb/day of E. cyclocarpum were fed (21.8 and 25.3 L CH4/lamb/day, respectively). These results suggest that to improve the feeding of sheep fed tropical grass, it is advisable to supplement the basal ration with up to 0.30 kg DM of E. cyclocarpum pods.
Assuntos
Digestão/efeitos dos fármacos , Fabaceae , Fermentação/efeitos dos fármacos , Metano/metabolismo , Saponinas/administração & dosagem , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Fibras na Dieta , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ingestão de Alimentos , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/metabolismo , Masculino , Pennisetum , Rúmen/metabolismo , Rúmen/parasitologia , Saponinas/metabolismo , Ovinos , Carneiro DomésticoRESUMO
El presente artículo corresponde a un ensayo que tiene por objetivo mostrar experiencias de intervención de terapiaocupacional en el ámbito de la salud mental infanto juvenil. Se pretende reflexionar en cómo esta disciplina desde su quehacer práctico profesional contribuye a garantizar los derechos, desde las atenciones en dispositivos de salud. El documento está conformado por cuatro experiencias de Intervención en contextos de salud pública que se vinculan con los principios rectores de la Convención internacional de los Derechos del Niño, los cuales se constituyen en los pilares para el ejercicio de todos los derechos que se establecen en el tratado. Como parte del análisis de este documento se concluye lo relevante que resulta la generación de políticas públicas atingentes a las necesidades de esta población, ya que de no ser así se reproducen prácticas normalizantes que atentan contra la autonomía de sujetos. En este sentido es fundamental realizar intervenciones situadas que promuevan la inclusión y participación de niños, niñas y jóvenes como actores sociales.
This article corresponds to an essay that has for purpose to show occupational therapy experiences of intervention in child and adolescent mental health. It is intended to reflect how this discipline, from the professional practice, contributes to guarantee rights, from health care devices. The document has four intervention experiences in public health context, that are bound to the founding principles of the international Convention of Children Rights, which constitute the pillars for the exercise of the rights established in the treaty. As part of the analysis of this document, it is concluded how relevant it results the development of public politics related to the needs of this population; because if not, normal practices are reproduced, and they affect the autonomy of the subject. In this way, it is important to develop located interventions, to promote the inclusion and participation of boys, girls and young boys as social actors.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Feminino , Criança , Defesa da Criança e do Adolescente , Saúde Mental , Terapia Ocupacional , Transtornos Mentais/terapiaRESUMO
One of the main deficiencies affecting animal breeding programs in Peruvian alpacas is the low reproductive performance leading to low number of animals available to select from, decreasing strongly the selection intensity. Some reproductive traits could be improved by artificial selection, but very few information about genetic parameters exists for these traits in this specie. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for six reproductive traits in alpacas both in Suri (SU) and Huacaya (HU) ecotypes, as well as their genetic relationship with fiber and morphological traits. Dataset belonging to Pacomarca experimental farm collected between 2000 and 2014 was used. Number of records for age at first service (AFS), age at first calving (AFC), copulation time (CT), pregnancy diagnosis (PD), gestation length (GL), and calving interval (CI) were, respectively, 1704, 854, 19,770, 5874, 4290 and 934. Pedigree consisted of 7742 animals. Regarding reproductive traits, model of analysis included additive and residual random effects for all traits, and also permanent environmental effect for CT, PD, GL and CI traits, with color and year of recording as fixed effects for all the reproductive traits and also age at mating and sex of calf for GL trait. Estimated heritabilities, respectively for HU and SU were 0.19 and 0.09 for AFS, 0.45 and 0.59 for AFC, 0.04 and 0.05 for CT, 0.07 and 0.05 for PD, 0.12 and 0.20 for GL, and 0.14 and 0.09 for CI. Genetic correlations between them ranged from -0.96 to 0.70. No important genetic correlations were found between reproductive traits and fiber or morphological traits in HU. However, some moderate favorable genetic correlations were found between reproductive and either fiber and morphological traits in SU. According to estimated genetic correlations, some reproductive traits might be included as additional selection criteria in HU.
Assuntos
Camelídeos Americanos/genética , Reprodução/genética , Animais , Cruzamento , Camelídeos Americanos/fisiologia , Ecótipo , Feminino , Variação Genética , Masculino , Linhagem , Peru , Gravidez , LãRESUMO
ABSTRACT The antibacterial activity of the alkaloid extract from the leaves of Croton bonplandianum Baill. and its main compounds, sparsiflorine and crotsparine, was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by the resazurin microtitre-plate method. Pure compounds were identified by spectroscopic techniques, mainly 1D and 2D NMR. The alkaloid extract showed activity particularly against the S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Regarding the pure compounds, the crotsparine was inactive against the microorganisms assayed, whereas the sparsiflorine indicated a moderate activity similar to the alkaloid extract. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most sensitive of the tested microorganisms with MIC of 0.141 mg/mL. The results suggest that the activity of the extract may be credited mainly to the presence of the sparsiflorine. Although the activity of the sparsiflorine does not get close to the antimicrobial drugs in clinical use, it still could be a lead compound for the development of new antibacterial substances.
RESUMO A atividade antibacteriana do extrato alcaloidal das folhas de Croton bonplandianum Baill., além dos principais compostos isolados, esparsiflorina e crotsparina, foi testada contra Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Foi utilizado o método de microdiluição em placa empregando resazurina como indicador da viabilidade celular. Os compostos isolados foram identificados por técnicas espectroscópicas, principalmente RMN 1D e 2D. O extrato alcaloidal foi ativo principalmente contra S. aureus e P. aeruginosa. Crotsparina mostrou-se inativa contra todos os micro-organismos testados, enquanto esparsiflorina apresentou atividade moderada, a qual foi similar à do extrato bruto. Pseudomonas aeruginosa foi a mais sensível das bactérias testadas, com CIM de 0,141 mg/mL. Os resultados sugerem que a atividade do extrato pode ser devida em grande medida pela presença de esparsiflorina. Apesar de a CIM da esparsiflorina não ter se aproximado daquela apresentada pelos agentes antimicrobianos em uso clínico, tal composto ainda pode compor um protótipo interessante para o desenvolvimento de novas substâncias antibacterianas.
Assuntos
Euphorbiaceae/classificação , Alcaloides/análise , Antibacterianos/análise , Extratos Vegetais , Fagos de Staphylococcus , Croton/classificaçãoRESUMO
El granuloma reparativo central de células gigantes(GRCCG) es una lesión osteolítica poco frecuente, localizadageneralmente en los huesos maxilares. Aunquesu patogenia continúa siendo controversial, se creeque se origina tras una irritación o traumatismo crónico.Se manifiesta en forma de nódulo circunscripto rojo-púrpura,de crecimiento lento e histológicamente está constituidopor células gigantes multinucleadas inmersas enuna estroma de células ovaladas y fusiformes, planteandodiagnósticos diferenciales con otras lesiones de cé-lulas gigantes.A pesar de sus características histológicas benignas, elcomportamiento de esta lesión suele ser agresivo localmente.Mujer de 31 años de edad con una lesiónosteolítica en maxilar inferior, que resultó tener un componentepredominante de células gigantes que motivóun minucioso análisis anatomopatológico y clínico delesiones de células gigantes de los maxilares, llegándoseal diagnóstico de GRCCG.En nuestro caso la edad, el sexo y la localización de lalesión se correspondieron con la bibliografía consultada.También concordó la clínica, la presentación de lalesión como única, el hallazgo de células gigantesmultinucleadas en una estroma fibrocelularvascularizada y la observación de áreas hemorrágicas ypigmento hemosiderínico. No encontramos antecedentesde irritación o traumatismo en la zona tumoral.A pesar del gran número de lesiones de células gigantesmultinucleadas de los maxilares llegamos al diagnósticode GRCCG por la clínica y los hallazgos morfológicos.Nuestra paciente no presentó signos de recurrencia hastael momento de esta comunicación.Es nuestro objetivo indicar la importancia clínico-patoló-gica del GRCCG, que obliga a plantear diagnósticosdiferenciales con todas las lesiones que en esta localizaciónpresentan células gigantes...
The central reparative granuloma giant cell (GRCCG) isa rare osteolytic lesion, usually located on the jawbone.Although its pathogenesis remains controversial, isbelieved to have originated after irritation or chronic trauma.It manifests as red-purple nodule circumscribed, slowgrowing and histologically is composed of multinucleatedgiant cells embedded in a stroma of spindle and ovalcells, suggesting differential diagnosis with other giantcell lesions.Their benign histological features, the behavior of theselesions are usually locally aggressive. Case report 31 yearsof age with an osteolytic lesion in the mandible. Thehistopathological study showed the same predominantgiant cell component, arriving after a thorough differentialanalysis and clinical pathology of giant cell lesions of thejaws, the diagnosis of GRCCG.Discussion: In our case the age, sex and location of thelesion were consistent with the literature. They alsoagreed the presentation of the lesion as unique, the findingof multinucleated giant cells in a fibrocellular stroma vascularand hemorrhagic areas observing and hemosiderinpigment. No irritation or trauma to the tumor area.Our patient had no signs of recurrence. It is our objectiveto indicate the importance of GRCCG clinicopathological,which requires raising the differential diagnosisfor all lesions in this location have giant cells, takinginto account both clinical and morphology...
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Humanos , Feminino , Granuloma de Células Gigantes , Mandíbula , Traumatismos Maxilofaciais , Osteólise/patologiaRESUMO
La endometriosis es la presencia de glándulas y estromaendometriales fuera del útero, siendo la localizaciónapendicular extremadamente rara y generalmenteasintomática, llegándose al diagnóstico incidentalmente,luego de una intervención quirúrgica por apendicitisaguda. A veces simula patologías del tracto digestivo odel aparato genital, incluyendo masas tumorales sospechosasde malignidad. Presentamos tres casos de endometriosisapendicular, dos con clínica de apendicitisaguda. En el tercero había dolor abdominal tipo cólicoen hipogastrio durante la menstruación, con imagentomográfica de tumor pericecal, demostrándose en elestudio histopatológico endometriosis tanto en apéndicececal como en ciego. En los otros dos casos, la anatomíapatológica demostró en uno apendicitis aguda juntoa la endometriosis y en el otro periapendicitis reactiva ala endometriosis. Es nuestro objetivo indicar la importanciaclínico-patológica de la endometriosis a nivel delapéndice cecal, que si bien es de baja incidencia y generalmentese halla incidentalmente, obliga a tenerla encuenta, debido a que en algunos casos puede simulardiversos procesos patológicos abdominales, especialmentetumores...
Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial glands andstroma outside the uterus, appendix location beingextremely rare and usually asymptomatic, incidentallyleading to the diagnosis, after surgery for acuteappendicitis. Sometimes simulated digestive tractdiseases or genital tract, including tumor massessuspicious of malignancy. We present three cases ofappendiceal endometriosis, two with symptoms of acute appendicitis. In the third had abdominal cramping painin lower abdomen during menstruation, with pericecaltomographic imaging of tumor, histopathologydemonstrated in the Appendix both cecal endometriosisas ceccum. In the other two cases, the pathologydemonstrated in an acute appendicitis with endometriosisand other reactive periappendicitis endometriosis. Itis our objective to indicate the clinicopathologicalsignificance of endometriosis at the appendix, whichalthough low incidence and is usually incidentally,requires it to account, because in some cases cansimulate different pathological processes abdominalespecially tumors...
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Humanos , Feminino , Apêndice , Apêndice/patologia , Endometriose/complicações , Endometriose/patologiaRESUMO
La hidradenitis supurativa es una entidad crónica, debilitante, que afecta las regiones axilares, perineo y submamarias. Se describe una prevalencia del 4 por ciento y su causa tiene que ver con oclusión folicular más que con un proceso de inflamación o de infección de las glándulas apocrinas. Su inicio es en la pubertad con nódulos inflamatorios recurrentes que se rompen espontáneamente o coalescen formando lesiones dérmicas y abscesos dérmicos profundos y dolorosos que dejan eventualmente cicatrices fibrosas, extensas y deformantes. Los tratamientos médicos clásicos o más recientes como inhibidores de FNT- alfa se pueden realizar en etapas tempranas pero la cirugía y últimamente el láser es lo que da mejor resultado en etapas más avanzadas. En esta primera parte abordamos el tema con su epidemióloga, etiología, clínica, diagnóstico y diagnóstico diferencial. En la parte II se revisará enfermedades asociadas, complicaciones y tratamiento.
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic and often debilitating disease affecting primaraly the axillae, perineum, and inframammary regions. A prevalence of 4 percent has been estimated and its etiology includes follicular occlusion rather than an inflammatory and infectious process of the apocrine glands. It start usually in puberty with recurrent inflammatory nodules, that rupture spontaneously or coalesce forming painful and deep dermal abscesses followed eventually by extensive, fibrous and disfigured scars. Medical treatments are useful ininitial stages of the disease like alpha tumor necrosis factor inhibitors but surgery and recently lasers are the solution for better results in advanced stages. In this first section epidemiology, etiology, clinical picture, diagnosis and differential diagnosis are reviewed. In the second section associated diseases, complications and treatment will be revised.
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Humanos , Hidradenite Supurativa/diagnóstico , Hidradenite Supurativa/etiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Hidradenite Supurativa/epidemiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of metabolizable energy intake (MEI) on changes in fat depots of adult Pelibuey ewes fed roughage diets under tropical conditions. Eighteen 3-year-old Pelibuey ewes with similar body weight (BW) of 37.6 ± 4.0 kg and body condition score (BCS) of 2.5 ± 0.20 were randomly assigned to three groups of six ewes each in a completely randomized design. Ewes were housed in metabolic crates and fed three levels of MEI: low (L), medium (M), and high (H) for 65 days to achieve different BW and BCS. At the end of the experiment, the ewes were slaughtered. Data recorded at slaughter were: weights of viscera and carcass. Internal fat (IF, internal adipose tissue) was dissected, weighed, and grouped as pelvic (around kidneys and pelvic region), omental, and mesenteric regions. Carcass was split at the dorsal midline in two equal halves, weighed, and chilled at 6°C during 24 h. After refrigeration, the left half of the carcass was completely dissected into subcutaneous and intermuscular fat (carcass fat). Dissected carcass fat (CF) of the left carcass was adjusted as whole carcass. At low levels of MEI, proportion of IF and CF was approximately 50%; however, as the MEI was increased, the proportion of IF was increased up to 57% and 60% for M and H, respectively. Omental and pelvic fat depots were those which increased in a larger proportion with respect to the mesenteric fat depot. Regression equations between the weight of each body fat depot and BW had a coefficient of determination (r (2)) that ranged between 0.37 for mesenteric fat and 0.87 for CF. The regression with BCS had a r (2) that ranged between 0.57 for mesenteric and 0.71 for TBF. BW was the best predictor for TBF, CF, omental fat, and pelvic fat; whereas, BCS was better than BW in predicting IF and mesenteric fat. Inclusion of both BW and BCS in multiple regressions improved the prediction for all fat depots, except for pelvic fat, which was best estimated by BCS alone. The greater slope of the regression for the pelvic fat depot equation, relative to TBF (1.40), EBW (4.02), and BCS (2.36), suggested that pelvic fat has a greater capacity to accumulate and mobilize fat. These results indicated that adult Pelibuey ewes seem to store a considerable proportion of absorbed energy in the IF depots rather than in the carcass.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/anatomia & histologia , Composição Corporal , Distribuição da Gordura Corporal , Dieta/veterinária , Ingestão de Energia , Carneiro Doméstico/fisiologia , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Animais , Peso Corporal , Feminino , México , Análise de Regressão , Clima TropicalRESUMO
In adult neostriatal projection neurons, the intracellular Ca(2+) supplied by Ca(V)2.1 (P/Q) Ca(2+) channels is in charge of both the generation of the afterhyperpolarizing potential (AHP) and the release of GABA from their synaptic terminals, thus being a major target for firing pattern and transmitter release modulations. We have shown that activation of muscarinic M(1)-class receptors modulates Ca(V)2.1 channels in these neurons in rats. This modulation is reversible, is not membrane delimited, is blocked by the specific M(1)-class muscarinic antagonist muscarine toxin 7 (MT-7), and is neither mediated by protein kinase C (PKC) nor by protein phosphatase 2B (PP-2B). Hence, the signaling mechanism of muscarinic Ca(V)2.1 channel modulation has remained elusive. The present paper shows that inactivation of phospholipase C (PLC) abolishes this modulation while inhibition of phosphoinositide kinases, PI-3K and PI-4K, prevents its reversibility, suggesting that the reconstitution of muscarinic modulation depends on phosphoinositide rephosphorylation. In support of this hypothesis, the supply of intracellular phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P(2)] blocked all muscarinic modulation of this channel. The results indicate that muscarinic M(1) modulation of Ca(V)2.1 Ca(2+) channels in these neurons involves phosphoinositide hydrolysis.
Assuntos
1-Fosfatidilinositol 4-Quinase/metabolismo , Canais de Cálcio Tipo N/metabolismo , Neostriado/metabolismo , Neurônios/metabolismo , Receptor Muscarínico M1/metabolismo , Animais , Calcineurina/metabolismo , Canais de Cálcio/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Venenos Elapídicos/farmacologia , Hidrólise , Espaço Intracelular/metabolismo , Potenciais da Membrana/efeitos dos fármacos , Neostriado/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Fosfatidilinositol 4,5-Difosfato/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Proteína Quinase C/metabolismo , Ratos , Receptor Muscarínico M1/antagonistas & inibidores , Fosfolipases Tipo C/antagonistas & inibidores , Fosfolipases Tipo C/metabolismoRESUMO
Primary lung paragangliomas are rare. They are 1-2% of the paragangliomas, and most of them occur in patients of 43-61 years. They clinically appear as solitary tumors and are in general asymptomatic. These tumors show a nesting pattern (Zellballen) of chief polygonal cells locked by fibrovascular trabeculae with subtenticular cells. The main cells have uniform nuclei with granular eosinophilic cytoplasm, and they are positive for neuroendocrinal markers (Neuron Specific Enolase, sinaptofisine and cromogranine A). Sustentacular cells are positive for protein S-100 and neurofibrilar protein. A differential diagnosis with the carcinoid tumor can be very difficult. The surgical treatment is mandatory , specially high blood pressure and the chances of malignization.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Paraganglioma/patologia , Humanos , Achados Incidentais , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paraganglioma/cirurgiaRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Heterotopic pancreas in the gallbladder is uncommon.condition and its clinical presentation is as an intramural nodule near the cystic duct, with an incidental finding in most cases. OBJECTIVE: to update Heterotopic pancreas condition in the gallbladder. We reported a case of a 18-year-old female, suffering with biliar colic who was operated on with diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Six mixed gallstones were found in the surgery and the gallbladder was distended and edematous with serosal exudate and the serosa appeared discolored and hemorrhagic. The wall was thickened with edema and hemorrhage. Microscopic findings were: congestive mucosa , edema, acute inflammatory cells and fibrin deposition on the wall and a subtle (myo)-fibroblastic proliferation. The nodule was diagnosed as macroscopic heterotopic pancreatic tissue in the gallbladder wall thickness, without neoplastic changes. Clinical presentation as acute cholecystitis has been rarely reported in the presence of heterotopic pancreatic tissue.
Assuntos
Coristoma/patologia , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Pâncreas , Adolescente , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
Objective: To evaluate the presence of supragingival bacterial plaque and Porphyromona gingivalis before and after the implementation of an educational program for oral hygiene. Methods: 30 scholars were enrolled for 3 months, in order to strenghten their oral hygiene technique and obtain a gingival sulcus bacterial plaque sample monthly. Results: Porphyromona gingivalis was present in 100 percent of cases. After 30 days of intervention, oral hygiene reduction in O'Leary rate was 21.15 percent) and bacteria colony forming units in 21.51 percent. After 60 days, O'Leary Índex declined in 29.45 percent> and bacteria colony forming units in 16.12 percent. Conclusions: The implementation of an oral hygiene program has a direct impact in the composition of the gingival sulcus bacterial plaque and the decrease of Porphyromona gingivalis colony forming units, mainly at 30 days intervention.
Objetivo: Evaluar antes y después de la aplicación de un programa de intervención de higiene bucal la presencia de placa bacteriana supragingival y de Porphyromona gingivalis. Pacientes y Método: A 30 escolares se les realizó mensualmente un muestreo de placa bacteria del surco gingival, índice de OEeary y reforzamiento de la técnica de higiene bucal; durante tres meses. Resultados: La bacteria Porphyromona gingivalis estuvo presente en el 100 por ciento de los casos durante todo el período de intervención. A los 30 días de la intervención de higiene bucal la disminución del índice de OEeary fue de un 21,15 por ciento y las unidades formadoras de colonias bacterianas en un 21,51 por ciento. Luego a los 60 días el índice de OEeary disminuyó en un 29,45 por ciento y las unidades formadoras de colonias en un 16,12 por ciento. Conclusión: Se concluye que la implementación de un programa de intervención de higiene bucal influye directamente en la composición de la placa bacteriana del surco gingival disminuyendo el número de unidades formadoras de colonias de Porphyromona gingivalis en la medida que la higiene bucal mejora. La mayor disminución fue a los 30 días.