RESUMO
With the increase in the life expectancy of domestic animals and their increasingly affectionate relationship with their owners, it is possible to observe an increase in cases of neoplasms in these animals. Mammary neoplasia mainly affects older females who have not been castrated, due to hormonal dependence for the development of the tumour. The main form of treatment is surgery. This study aims to carry out an updated review on mammary neoplasms in female dogs covering the anatomy, physiology, prevalence, causes, diagnoses, treatments, prevention and prognosis, based on scientific articles by renowned researchers.
RESUMO
In humans and pets, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides important adjunctive anatomic information about the thyroid and its adjacent structures. To the best of our knowledge, however, no studies have been reported regarding the use of MRI for thyroid evaluation in horses. The aim of this study was to obtain qualitative and quantitative parameters of healthy thyroid gland in adult horses by MRI. Eleven horses were submitted to thyroid MRI evaluation. The healthy thyroid of these animals was ensured by normal examinations performed before (free thyroxine and ultrasound) and after (cytology) to MRI. It was concluded that the dorsal spin-echo T1-weighted, fast spin-echo T2-weighted, sagittal STIR and a three-dimensional T1-weighted gradient echo were the sequences that best characterized the thyroid lobes. Qualitatively, there was a significant variation in the elliptical format of some lobes considering the sagittal plane, which oscillated between rounded and flattened conformation. Excellent reproducibility of the quantitative thyroid parameters obtained was verified. The thyroid gland total volume mean of observers was 14.31 cm3 (±0.69). In relation with comparisons between quantitative parameters of left and right lobes, only differences regarding their respective lengths were observed. Thus, we can infer that the difference in some thyroid lobes format can be explained by the significant variation identified between left and right lobes lengths.
Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Glândula Tireoide , Animais , Cavalos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/veterinária , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Investigation of erythrocyte antigens in New World monkeys, especially in the Brazilian ones, is scant and incomplete. METHODS: Determining the presence of 29 erythrocyte antigens from 11 human blood group systems (ABO, H, Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, Lewis, P, MNS, Lutheran and Diego) on erythrocytes in nine Capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.). RESULTS: A majority (20 of 29) of human erythrocyte antigens were not found in this monkey genus. Erythrocyte phenotyping was very similar within this animal group, as five Capuchin monkeys differed from the other four in the ABO system only. CONCLUSION: The erythrocyte phenotype for this group of animals is less diversified than in humans. Some monkey erythrocyte antigens were similar in frequency, whereas others were different from those observed in human ethnicities.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos/imunologia , Tipagem e Reações Cruzadas Sanguíneas , Cebinae/imunologia , Eritrócitos/imunologia , Animais , Cebinae/sangue , Cebus/sangue , Cebus/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem , MasculinoRESUMO
A tomografia computadorizada (TC) e a ressonância magnética (RM) são metodologias diagnósticas bastante exploradas na Medicina Esportiva Equina. Apesar disso, existem muitas dúvidas quanto ao emprego dessas técnicas e suas vantagens sobre as outras modalidades rotineiramente utilizadas. Esta revisão de literatura tem como objetivo reunir informações sobre as principais indicações da TC e da RM no diagnóstico de diversas afecções do sistema musculo esquelético em equinos atletas, relacionando-as com os métodos de diagnósticos mais' aplicados na rotina clínica, como a radiografia e a ultrassonografia.(AU)
Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are imaging modaltties currently pertormed in Equine Sports Medicine. Nevertheless, there are many questions about the application of these techniquesand advantages over other commonly used imaging modalities. This review aims to gather information regarding the main indications of CT and MRI on musculoskeletal disorders in athlete horses, correlating these methods with other techniques such as ultrasonography and radiography.(AU)
La tomografía computarizada (TC) y Ia resonancia magnética (RM) son metodologías diagnósticas, bastante exploradas en Ia Medicina Deportiva Equina. Sin embargo, existen muchas dudas en cuanto ai empleo de esas técnicas y sus ventajas sobre otras modalidades rutinariamente utilizadas. Esta revisión de Ia literatura tiene como objetivo reunir informaciones sobre Ias principales indicaciones de Ia TC y de Ia RM en el diagnóstico de diversas afecciones del sistema músculo esquelético en equinos atletas, relacionándo las con los métodos de diagnósticos más aplicadosen Ia rutina clínica, como Ia radiografía y Ia ultrasonografía.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/veterinária , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/instrumentação , Fenômenos Fisiológicos Musculoesqueléticos , Cavalos/anatomia & histologia , Cavalos/fisiologia , Atletas , Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos/veterinária , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina , Medicina Veterinária Esportiva/métodos , Equipamentos para Diagnóstico/veterinária , Diagnóstico , Radiografia/veterinária , Ultrassonografia/veterináriaRESUMO
A tomografia computadorizada (TC) e a ressonância magnética (RM) são metodologias diagnósticas bastante exploradas na Medicina Esportiva Equina. Apesar disso, existem muitas dúvidas quanto ao emprego dessas técnicas e suas vantagens sobre as outras modalidades rotineiramente utilizadas. Esta revisão de literatura tem como objetivo reunir informações sobre as principais indicações da TC e da RM no diagnóstico de diversas afecções do sistema musculo esquelético em equinos atletas, relacionando-as com os métodos de diagnósticos mais' aplicados na rotina clínica, como a radiografia e a ultrassonografia.
Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are imaging modaltties currently pertormed in Equine Sports Medicine. Nevertheless, there are many questions about the application of these techniquesand advantages over other commonly used imaging modalities. This review aims to gather information regarding the main indications of CT and MRI on musculoskeletal disorders in athlete horses, correlating these methods with other techniques such as ultrasonography and radiography.
La tomografía computarizada (TC) y Ia resonancia magnética (RM) son metodologías diagnósticas, bastante exploradas en Ia Medicina Deportiva Equina. Sin embargo, existen muchas dudas en cuanto ai empleo de esas técnicas y sus ventajas sobre otras modalidades rutinariamente utilizadas. Esta revisión de Ia literatura tiene como objetivo reunir informaciones sobre Ias principales indicaciones de Ia TC y de Ia RM en el diagnóstico de diversas afecciones del sistema músculo esquelético en equinos atletas, relacionándo las con los métodos de diagnósticos más aplicadosen Ia rutina clínica, como Ia radiografía y Ia ultrasonografía.