RESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to analyze cultures of mononuclear (MN) cells with Giardia lamblia to determine the levels of the cytokines IFN-γ and TGF-ß and the functional activity of MN cells after incubation with cytokines. METHODS: This study was conducted in 2018 in Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 60 healthy volunteer donors to obtain leukocytes. The levels of IFN-γ and TGF-ß were quantified in trophozoite cell culture supernatants. Superoxide release, phagocytosis, microbicidal activity, apoptosis and intracellular calcium release were analyzed. RESULTS: The cytokines evaluated were detected in the culture supernatant of MN cells and G. lamblia. Regardless of the type of cytokine, MN cells increased superoxide release in the presence of G. lamblia. Phagocytosis, microbicidal activity and apoptosis were higher when MN phagocytes were treated with cytokines. The highest microbicidal activity and apoptosis rates were observed in MN cells cultured with TGF-ß. IFN-γ increased the release of intracellular calcium by MN phagocytes. CONCLUSION: Cytokines play a beneficial role in the host by activating MN cells against G. lamblia. In addition, phagocytosis causes G. lamblia death and that the modulation of the functional activity of blood MN phagocytes by cytokines is an alternative mechanism for eliminating G. lamblia.
RESUMO
Objetivo: analisar a eficácia no processo de coleta e processamento de sangue dos recém-nascidos para a realização da triagem neonatal biológica. Método: estudo retrospectivo, descritivo e transversal, com a utilização de dados secundários do serviço de referência em triagem neonatal no Mato Grosso. A pesquisa foi realizada em dez municípios da região Garças-Araguaia, entre 2013 a 2016. Resultados: foi observado que somente um município alcançou 100% de cobertura dos nascidos vivos, conforme preconizado pelo Programa Nacional de Triagem Neonatal. Os demais municípios apresentaram cobertura abaixo da média nacional (76,9%). As falhas identificadas no processo de coleta de sangue durante a triagem neonatal biológica evidenciadas foram amostras inadequadas, amostras diluídas e material insuficiente. Conclusão: enfatiza-se a necessidade de capacitação adequada por meio de educação permanente, a fim de ampliar o conhecimento técnico-científico dos profissionais de saúde envolvidos com a triagem neonatal biológica. Assim, a intervenção e a identificação precoce de doenças, diminuindo os riscos de sequelas, e garantindo a melhoria na qualidade de vida do bebê e na assistência prestada à população. (AU)
Objective: To analyze the efficacy in the process of blood collection and processing of newborns for biological neonatal screening. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Mato Grosso neonatal screening reference service. The survey was conducted in ten municipalities of the Garças-Araguaia region between 2013 and 2016. Results: It was observed that only one municipality achieved the full coverage of live births, as recommended by the National Program of Neonatal Screening. The other municipalities had a coverage below the national average (76.9%). The failures identified in the blood collection process during biological neonatal screening were inadequate samples, such as diluted samples and insufficient material. Conclusion: The need for adequate capacity-building through continuing education is emphasized in order to expand the technical-scientific knowledge of the health professionals involved in biological neonatal screening. The intervention and early identification of diseases is also emphasized, reducing the risk of sequelae, and ensuring the improvement in the baby's quality of life and care provided to the population. (AU)
Objetivo: Analizar la eficacia en el proceso de recolección y procesamiento de sangre de recién nacidos para el cribado biológico neonatal. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y transversal en el que se utilizan datos secundarios del Servicio de referencia de cribado neonatal de Mato Grosso. La investigación se realizó en diez municipios de la región de Garças-Araguaia entre 2013 y 2016. Resultados: se observó que solo un municipio logró el 100% de cobertura de nacimientos vivos recomendado por el Programa Nacional de Cribado Neonatal. Los otros municipios tuvieron cobertura por debajo del promedio nacional (76,9%). Las fallas identificadas en el proceso de recolección de sangre durante el cribado biológico neonatal fueron muestras inadecuadas, como muestras diluidas y material insuficiente. Conclusión: se enfatiza la necesidad de una capacitación adecuada y el desarrollo de capacidades a través de la educación continua para ampliar el conocimiento técnico-científico de los profesionales de la salud involucrados en el cribado biológico neonatal. Por lo tanto, la intervención y la identificación temprana de enfermedades reducen el riesgo de secuelas y aseguran una mejora en la calidad de vida del bebé y en la atención brindada a la población. (AU)