RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern of lung injury may occur in the setting of connective tissue disease (CTD), but it is most commonly found in the absence of a known cause, in the clinical context of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Our objective was to observe and compare longitudinal changes in pulmonary function and survival between patients with biopsy-proven UIP found in the clinical context of either CTD or IPF. METHODS: We used longitudinal data analytic models to compare groups (IPF [n = 321] and CTD-UIP [n = 56]) on % predicted FVC (FVC %) or % predicted diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (Dlco %), and we used both unadjusted and multivariable techniques to compare survival between these groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups in longitudinal changes in FVC % or Dlco % up to diagnosis, or from diagnosis to 10 years beyond (over which time, the mean decrease in FVC % per year [95% CI] was 4.1 [3.4, 4.9] for IPF and 3.5 [1.8, 5.1] for CTD-UIP, P = .49 for difference; and the mean decrease in Dlco % per year was 4.7 [4.0, 5.3] for IPF and 4.3 [3.0, 5.6] for CTD-UIP, P = .60 for difference). Despite the lack of differences in pulmonary function, subjects with IPF had worse survival in unadjusted (log-rank P = .003) and certain multivariable analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Despite no significant differences in changes in pulmonary function over time, patients with CTD-UIP (at least those with certain classifiable CTDs) live longer than patients with IPF--an observation that we suspect is due to an increased rate of mortal acute exacerbations in patients with IPF.
Assuntos
Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/mortalidade , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/fisiopatologia , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/mortalidade , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/fisiopatologia , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Biópsia , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Estudos Longitudinais , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Capacidade de Difusão Pulmonar/fisiologia , Testes de Função Respiratória , Taxa de Sobrevida , Capacidade Vital/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to describe the high-resolution CT (HRCT) scan features that characterize familial interstitial pneumonia (FIP). METHODS: FIP was defined by the presence of two or more cases of probable or definite idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) in individuals related within three degrees. The cases were collected consecutively from three centers. We identified 371 individuals with potential FIP from 289 families, including 340 individuals who had HRCT scans. Two chest radiologists independently reviewed the HRCT scans, scoring the extent and distribution of HRCT scan findings, and assessed the overall radiologic diagnosis. RESULTS: HRCT scan abnormalities suggestive of IIP were present in 85% (289 of 340 subjects). The most frequent findings were reticular pattern (n = 238, 82%) and ground-glass opacity (GGO) associated with reticular abnormality (n = 231, 80%). Other changes included GGO in 116 (40%), honeycombing in 92 (32%), and micronodules in 65 (22%). In the 289 cases with evidence of IIP, the findings were diffusely distributed in the craniocaudal plane in 186 (64%), and the lower lung zones were predominantly involved in 89 (31%). In the axial plane, 194 (67%) had a subpleural distribution; 88 (30%) were diffuse. The imaging pattern was classified as definite or probable usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) in only 62 subjects (22%) and definite or probable nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) in 35 subjects (12%). In 160 subjects (55%), the imaging findings did not conform to previously described UIP or NSIP patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Reticulation and a mixed GGO/reticular pattern are the most common HRCT scan findings in FIP. The parenchymal abnormalities are most often diffuse in the craniocaudal dimension and have a predominantly peripheral distribution in the axial dimension. Although a radiologic UIP pattern is not uncommon, most cases do not conform to typical UIP or NSIP patterns.
Assuntos
Pneumonias Intersticiais Idiopáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Idoso , Biópsia , Estudos de Coortes , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Pneumonias Intersticiais Idiopáticas/diagnóstico , Pneumonias Intersticiais Idiopáticas/patologia , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Pulmão/patologia , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
In patients with myositis, the lung is commonly involved, and the presence of anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (anti-ARS) antibodies marks the presence or predicts the development of interstitial lung disease (ILD). A distinct clinical entity-antisynthetase syndrome-is characterized by the presence of anti-ARS antibodies, myositis, ILD, fever, arthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, and mechanic's hands. The most common anti-ARS antibody is anti-Jo-1. More recently described anti-ARS antibodies might confer a phenotype that is distinct from that of anti-Jo-1-positive patients and is characterized by a lower incidence of myositis and a higher incidence of ILD. Among patients with antisynthetase syndrome-related ILD, the response to immunosuppressive medications is generally, but not universally, favorable.
Assuntos
Aminoacil-tRNA Sintetases/sangue , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/imunologia , Miosite/imunologia , Anticorpos Antinucleares/sangue , Antígenos de Plaquetas Humanas/sangue , Humanos , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/terapia , Miosite/diagnóstico , Miosite/terapiaRESUMO
Em pacientes com miosite, é comum o comprometimento pulmonar, e a presença de anticorpos anti-aminoacil-RNAt sintetase (anti-ARS) é preditora da presença ou do desenvolvimento de doença pulmonar intersticial (DPI). Uma entidade clínica distinta - a síndrome antissintetase - é caracterizada pela presença de anticorpos anti-ARS, miosite, DPI, artrite, fenômeno de Raynaud e "mãos de mecânico". O mais comum anticorpo anti-ARS é o anti-Jo-1. Anticorpos anti-ARS mais recentemente descritos podem conferir um fenótipo que é distinto daquele de pacientes com positividade para anti-Jo-1, sendo caracterizado por uma menor incidência de miosite e uma maior incidência de DPI. Nos pacientes com DPI relacionada à síndrome antissintetase, a resposta a medicações imunossupressoras é em geral favorável.
In patients with myositis, the lung is commonly involved, and the presence of anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (anti-ARS) antibodies marks the presence or predicts the development of interstitial lung disease (ILD). A distinct clinical entity-antisynthetase syndrome-is characterized by the presence of anti-ARS antibodies, myositis, ILD, fever, arthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, and mechanic's hands. The most common anti-ARS antibody is anti-Jo-1. More recently described anti-ARS antibodies might confer a phenotype that is distinct from that of anti-Jo-1-positive patients and is characterized by a lower incidence of myositis and a higher incidence of ILD. Among patients with antisynthetase syndrome-related ILD, the response to immunosuppressive medications is generally, but not universally, favorable.
Assuntos
Humanos , Aminoacil-tRNA Sintetases/sangue , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/imunologia , Miosite/imunologia , Anticorpos Antinucleares/sangue , Antígenos de Plaquetas Humanas/sangue , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/terapia , Miosite/diagnóstico , Miosite/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The clinical and physiologic features of respiratory bronchiolitis (RB)-interstitial lung disease (ILD) have been previously described; however, the natural history and outcome have not been systematically evaluated. The majority of published reports consider RB-ILD to be a nonprogressive ILD that clinically improves with smoking cessation and antiinflammatory treatment. In this study, we sought to determine the outcome of RB-ILD patients with and without smoking cessation and with and without corticosteroid therapy. METHODS: Thirty-two RB-ILD cases confirmed by surgical lung biopsy were identified from a prospectively enrolled cohort of subjects with ILD. Initial and follow-up data on symptoms, physiology, treatment, and outcome were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that at least 75% of RB-ILD patients survived > 7 years after diagnosis. Clinical improvement occurred in only 28% of cases, and physiologic improvement occurred in 10.5% of cases. One patient died of progressive ILD, and two patients died of non-small cell lung cancer. While physiologic improvement was limited to those who had ceased smoking, corticosteroids and/or other immunosuppressive therapy had little effect on symptoms or physiology. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that prolonged survival is common in RB-ILD. However, symptomatic and physiologic improvement occurs in only a minority of patients, and neither smoking cessation nor immunosuppressive therapy is regularly associated with clinically significant benefit.
Assuntos
Bronquiolite/diagnóstico , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico , Doenças Raras/diagnóstico , Administração por Inalação , Corticosteroides/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Bronquiolite/mortalidade , Bronquiolite/fisiopatologia , Bronquiolite/terapia , Estudos de Coortes , Terapia Combinada , Progressão da Doença , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Seguimentos , Volume Expiratório Forçado/fisiologia , Humanos , Imunossupressores/administração & dosagem , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/mortalidade , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/fisiopatologia , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxigênio/sangue , Capacidade de Difusão Pulmonar/efeitos dos fármacos , Capacidade de Difusão Pulmonar/fisiologia , Troca Gasosa Pulmonar/efeitos dos fármacos , Troca Gasosa Pulmonar/fisiologia , Doenças Raras/mortalidade , Doenças Raras/fisiopatologia , Doenças Raras/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Taxa de Sobrevida , Capacidade Vital/efeitos dos fármacos , Capacidade Vital/fisiologiaRESUMO
Embora diagnósticos de fibrose pulmonar idiopática continuem sendo devastadores, avanços recentes têm melhorado nossa compreensão a respeito de muitas das facetas desta doença. Estas descobertas, juntamente com o aumento da disponibilidade geral de ensaios terapêuticos, encerram a promessa de um futuro mais promissor para pacientes com fibrose pulmonar idiopática. Por exemplo, nós temos agora uma compreensão mais abrangente a respeito dos critérios diagnósticos e da história natural da doença. Vários estudos têm mostrado que a mensuração simples da fisiologia pulmonar ou troca gasosa pode ser usada para prever a sobrevida do paciente. Através da identificação de várias vias moleculares que têm papéis importantes na patogênese da fibrose pulmonar idiopática, os pesquisadores têm produzido uma lista crescente de possíveis novos alvos terapêuticos para a doença. Vários ensaios terapêuticos prospectivos e controlados têm sido realizados. Outros estão em andamento ou ainda estão em fase de planejamento. Estes esforços têm avançado nosso conhecimento atual sobre fibrose pulmonar idiopática e levantado novas questões importantes, assim como têm gerado o interesse e o impulso necessários para avançar terreno na luta contra esta doença desafiadora. Este artigo oferece ao leitor um panorama dos avanços recentes nas pesquisas sobre fibrose pulmonar idiopática, tendo como foco a história natural, patogênese e tratamento.
Although idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis remains a devastating diagnosis, recent advances have improved our understanding of many facets of this disease. These breakthroughs, combined with the increased general availability of therapeutic trials, hold the promise of a brighter future for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. For example, we now have a more comprehensive understanding of the diagnostic criteria and natural history of the disease. Several studies have shown that simple measurement of pulmonary physiology or gas exchange can be used to predict patient survival. By identifying several molecular pathways that play significant roles in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, investigators have produced a growing list of novel potential therapeutic targets for the disease. Several prospective, controlled therapeutic trials have been conducted. Others are ongoing or are still in the planning stages. These efforts have advanced our current knowledge of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and have raised new important questions, as well as having generated the interest and momentum needed to gain additional ground in the fight against this challenging disease. This article offers the reader a view of the recent advances in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis research, with a focus on natural history, pathogenesis and treatment.
Assuntos
Humanos , Fibrose Pulmonar , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Prognóstico , Fibrose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Fibrose Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Fibrose Pulmonar/etiologiaRESUMO
The term vasculitis encompasses a number of distinct clinicopathologic disease entities, each of which is characterized pathologically by cellular inflammation and destruction of the blood vessel wall, and clinically by the types and locations of the affected vessels. While multiple classification schemes have been proposed to categorize and simplify the approach to these diseases, ultimately their diagnosis rests on the identification of particular patterns of clinical, radiologic, laboratory, and pathologic features. While lung involvement is most commonly seen with the primary idiopathic, small-vessel or antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides of Wegener granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome, one should remember that medium-vessel vasculitis (ie, classic polyarteritis nodosa), large-vessel vasculitis (ie, Takayasu arteritis), primary immune complex-mediated vasculitis (ie, Goodpasture syndrome), and secondary vasculitis (ie, systemic lupus erythematosus) can all affect the lung. However, for the purpose of this review, we will focus on the ANCA-associated vasculitides.
Assuntos
Pneumopatias/diagnóstico , Pneumopatias/terapia , Vasculite/diagnóstico , Vasculite/terapia , Anticorpos Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/análise , Síndrome de Churg-Strauss/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Churg-Strauss/terapia , Granulomatose com Poliangiite/diagnóstico , Granulomatose com Poliangiite/terapia , HumanosRESUMO
Although idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis remains a devastating diagnosis, recent advances have improved our understanding of many facets of this disease. These breakthroughs, combined with the increased general availability of therapeutic trials, hold the promise of a brighter future for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. For example, we now have a more comprehensive understanding of the diagnostic criteria and natural history of the disease. Several studies have shown that simple measurement of pulmonary physiology or gas exchange can be used to predict patient survival. By identifying several molecular pathways that play significant roles in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, investigators have produced a growing list of novel potential therapeutic targets for the disease. Several prospective, controlled therapeutic trials have been conducted. Others are ongoing or are still in the planning stages. These efforts have advanced our current knowledge of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and have raised new important questions, as well as having generated the interest and momentum needed to gain additional ground in the fight against this challenging disease. This article offers the reader a view of the recent advances in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis research, with a focus on natural history, pathogenesis and treatment.