RESUMO
Background: In people, extrarenal pelvis is a normal anatomical variant, characterized by the protusion of the pelvis out of the renal hilum, which can be associated with other anomalies, or predispose to stasis or infection. While other diagnostic imaging methods provide anatomical and morphological information about the kidney, scintigraphy allows to determine the renal function and has greater sensitivity in the detection of functional alterations. The aim of this work is to report the case of an asymptomatic cat diagnosed with extrarenal pelvis detected by scintigraphy, which presented alterations in laboratory and renal imaging tests, and absence of associated obstructive process. Case: A 7-year-old mixed-breed female cat was evaluated for a routine health assessment at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (HCV-UFRGS). When performing the imaging and laboratory tests, renal alterations compatible with chronic kidney disease were found in the abdominal ultrasonography examination and in serum creatinine levels. Therefore, it was decided to perform scintigraphy evaluation to better assess renal function. Dynamic renal scintigraphy with 99mTcDTPA revealed an evident concentration of the radiotracer in the left kidney with effective elimination only after the diuretic stimulus. The right kidney exhibited less concentration of the radiotracer but showed effective elimination before the diuretic stimulus. Image analysis suggested the presence of an extrarenal pelvis on the left side. The relative renal uptake was 68% for the left kidney and 32% for the right kidney. The glomerular filtration rate was 1.65 mL/min/kg. Static renal scintigraphy with 99mTcDMSA revealed irregularity in the distribution of the radiotracer in both kidneys, showing less activity in the caudal pole of the left kidney. The right kidney was apparently reduced and with less activity, especially in the medial portion. The relative renal uptake was 65% for the left kidney and 35% for right kidney, while the absolute renal uptake of the left kidney was 33% and that of the right kidney was 17%. The alteration described in the left kidney, in correlation with dynamic renal scintigraphy, suggested an aspect of lower activity in the caudal pole due to the presence of activity in the extrarenal pelvis. The left kidney was classified as presenting normal renal function and there was moderate to severe deficit of renal function on the right side. Discussion: Chronic kidney disease may be present before clinical signs and biochemical abnormalities are identified. In this report, the animal was referred for a routine evaluation and showed no clinical signs nor alterations on physical examination. However, as renal morphological alterations were seen on ultrasonography and the cat presented mild azotemia, it was decided to perform two renal scintigraphy exams. Despite the radiotracer elimination from the left kidney was seen only after the diuretic stimulus, dynamic renal scintigraphy did not show any obstructive process. This delay on elimination was probably a result of the anatomical variant called extrarenal pelvis. In the static renal scintigraphy, it was possible to evaluate morphological changes in the kidneys and suggest less activity in the caudal pole of the left kidney, due to the presence of activity in the extrarenal pelvis, apparently causing the mentioned defect. The correct diagnosis of morphological changes is essential and for this purpose the best combination of imaging tests is necessary. Renal scintigraphy was fundamental, in this case, for the diagnosis of extrarenal pelvis in one of the kidneys, an abnormality not reported in the feline species within the literature researched by the authors. In addition, renal scintigraphy helped to guide the clinical management of the patient described in this report.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gatos , Pelve/anormalidades , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/veterinária , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico por imagem , Cintilografia/veterinária , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Background: Retained placenta (RP) is characterized by a failure to remove the fetal membranes within the first 12-24h after calving. This condition appears to be related to a decrease in neutrophil activity and to the suppression of the immune response in the prepartum period. The specific reasons for some cows to retain the placenta after parturition is stillnot fully understood, but numerous predisposing factors have been related, which may include mechanical, nutritional,infectious and handling factors. The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of retained placenta in dairy cowsand to correlate the main predisposing factors related.Materials, Methods & Results: This study was conducted in nine dairy farms located in the Rio Grande do Sul state,Brazil, with an average of 45 lactating dairy cows producing 10,100 kg / dairy cow in a period of 305 days. The total dietfor postpartum cows was estimated to meet or exceed the requirements of dairy cows according to previously establishedguidelines (NRC 2001). A total of 393 calving Holstein cows (126 primiparous and 267 multiparous) were analyzed, ofwhich 203 were kept in a semi-confined production system (free-stall and pasture system) and 190 animals were kept ina free-stall production system. Statistically, the cows were the experimental unit, and the results were analyzed using thePearsons Chi-squared test or Fishers exact test for the comparisons of occurrence of peripartum disorders. In addition,linear and logistic regression models were constructed to determine the effect of the dependent variable on the other indicators, which may be continuous or categorical. Possible correlations of the occurrence of peripartum disorders relatedto production system (free-stall or semi-confined), calving order (primiparous or multiparous), season of the year (heator cold), ECC at calving (1 to 5), calf sex, rectal temperature and dystocia were analyzed. Of the 393 deliveries followedup in...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Placenta Retida/veterinária , Fatores de Risco , Estresse Psicológico/prevenção & controle , Período Periparto , Prevenção de DoençasRESUMO
Background: Retained placenta (RP) is characterized by a failure to remove the fetal membranes within the first 12-24h after calving. This condition appears to be related to a decrease in neutrophil activity and to the suppression of the immune response in the prepartum period. The specific reasons for some cows to retain the placenta after parturition is stillnot fully understood, but numerous predisposing factors have been related, which may include mechanical, nutritional,infectious and handling factors. The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of retained placenta in dairy cowsand to correlate the main predisposing factors related.Materials, Methods & Results: This study was conducted in nine dairy farms located in the Rio Grande do Sul state,Brazil, with an average of 45 lactating dairy cows producing 10,100 kg / dairy cow in a period of 305 days. The total dietfor postpartum cows was estimated to meet or exceed the requirements of dairy cows according to previously establishedguidelines (NRC 2001). A total of 393 calving Holstein cows (126 primiparous and 267 multiparous) were analyzed, ofwhich 203 were kept in a semi-confined production system (free-stall and pasture system) and 190 animals were kept ina free-stall production system. Statistically, the cows were the experimental unit, and the results were analyzed using thePearsons Chi-squared test or Fishers exact test for the comparisons of occurrence of peripartum disorders. In addition,linear and logistic regression models were constructed to determine the effect of the dependent variable on the other indicators, which may be continuous or categorical. Possible correlations of the occurrence of peripartum disorders relatedto production system (free-stall or semi-confined), calving order (primiparous or multiparous), season of the year (heator cold), ECC at calving (1 to 5), calf sex, rectal temperature and dystocia were analyzed. Of the 393 deliveries followedup in...
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Bovinos , Estresse Psicológico/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco , Período Periparto , Placenta Retida/veterinária , Prevenção de DoençasRESUMO
Background: The tarsal joint is the third most commonly joint affected by osteochondrosis in dogs. This joint is affected in 4 to 9% of the cases, and in 50% of these cases the disease is bilateral. Radiological signs include defect in the subchondral bone, sclerotic margin, and fragment of mineralized cartilage. Dorsoplantar in flexion and oblique radiologic images are necessary to show tarsal osteochondrosis. Computed tomography avoid overlap of bone structures and allows better visualization of subchondral lesions, showing the exact location, size and number of fragments. The objective of this study is to report a case of bilateral osteochondrosis dissecans in tarsal joint in Rottweiler. Case: A female Rottweiler was examined and presented a history of pain and difficulty in raising the pelvic limbs. There was pain in the right tibiotarsal joint (RTJ) with evident joint cracking and, after three months, the left pelvic limb started to show the same signs. Radiographic examination of the RTJ showed a small osteochondral fragment in the distal medial border of the medial malleolus of the tibia, subchondral sclerosis with radiolucent area in the medial malleolus of the tibia, and a small lateral periarticular osteophyte in the intertarsal joint. The left tibiotarsal joint (LTJ) showed mild articular incongruity and minor increase in radiological interlinear space, diffuse sclerosis in the medial malleolus and in the subchondral surface of the trochlear crest. This exam also showed a small radiolucent area in the medial malleolus of the tibia, a small fragment of radiopaque adjacent bone, and minor subchondral bone irregularity in the medial margin of the medial trochlea. The radiographic examination of the RTJ was inconclusive. Computed tomography was requested and suggested the diagnosis of medial osteochondritis dissecans in the distal talus...
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Osteocondrose/diagnóstico por imagem , Osteocondrose/veterinária , Tarso Animal , Radiografia/veterinária , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: The tarsal joint is the third most commonly joint affected by osteochondrosis in dogs. This joint is affected in 4 to 9% of the cases, and in 50% of these cases the disease is bilateral. Radiological signs include defect in the subchondral bone, sclerotic margin, and fragment of mineralized cartilage. Dorsoplantar in flexion and oblique radiologic images are necessary to show tarsal osteochondrosis. Computed tomography avoid overlap of bone structures and allows better visualization of subchondral lesions, showing the exact location, size and number of fragments. The objective of this study is to report a case of bilateral osteochondrosis dissecans in tarsal joint in Rottweiler. Case: A female Rottweiler was examined and presented a history of pain and difficulty in raising the pelvic limbs. There was pain in the right tibiotarsal joint (RTJ) with evident joint cracking and, after three months, the left pelvic limb started to show the same signs. Radiographic examination of the RTJ showed a small osteochondral fragment in the distal medial border of the medial malleolus of the tibia, subchondral sclerosis with radiolucent area in the medial malleolus of the tibia, and a small lateral periarticular osteophyte in the intertarsal joint. The left tibiotarsal joint (LTJ) showed mild articular incongruity and minor increase in radiological interlinear space, diffuse sclerosis in the medial malleolus and in the subchondral surface of the trochlear crest. This exam also showed a small radiolucent area in the medial malleolus of the tibia, a small fragment of radiopaque adjacent bone, and minor subchondral bone irregularity in the medial margin of the medial trochlea. The radiographic examination of the RTJ was inconclusive. Computed tomography was requested and suggested the diagnosis of medial osteochondritis dissecans in the distal talus...(AU)