RESUMO

In order to define mortality rates and clinical findings with prognostic value in febrile infections among our adult patients with acute leukemia we prospectively studied--during a 34 months period--177 episodes of clinical suspected infection which occurred in 49 patients. By means of univariate analysis and a subsequent multiple logistic regression study, the association between 27 clinical and microbiological data and febrile episode survival rates were evaluated. Both the overall mortality rate and the specific one for febrile episodes were high (44.9% and 12.7% respectively). An age over 30 years old (p = 0.025), fever lasting more than five days (p = 0.025), lung involvement (p = 0.001) and fungal isolation in a culture specimen (p = 0.005) were all associated with a higher episode mortality. However, only an age older than 30 years (adjusted odds ratio, A.O.R. = 1.118; 95% confidence interval, C.I.95% = 1.015-1.232; p = 0.025) and pneumonia (A.O.R. = 1.454; C.I.95% = 1.288-1.642; p < 0.001) remained as independent predictors of a greater mortality in the multivariate analysis. Although fever of unknown origin was associated with a better prognosis (p = 0.024) two other variables--viral infections (A.O.R. = 0.642; C.I.95% = 0.421-0.979; P = 0.041) and the isolation of two or more etiologic agents (A.O.R. = 0.795; C.I.95% = 0.651-0.972; p = 0.027)--had a protective value with the multiple regression analysis.

Assuntos

Infecção Hospitalar/complicações , Febre/complicações , Leucemia/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/mortalidade , Feminino , Febre/microbiologia , Humanos , Leucemia/mortalidade , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/complicações , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidade , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/complicações , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/mortalidade , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos

RESUMO

In a study undertaken to evaluate fluoroquinolone prophylaxis in afebrile granulocytopenic patients, an unexpected association between chemotherapy schedule and a later development of bacteremia--during the subsequent febrile neutropenic episodes--was found. Twenty five febrile neutropenic episodes consecutive to chemotherapy for acute leukemia were studied. Patients received either etoposide and mitoxantrone or citarabine--in standard, intermediate or high doses--combined with daunomicin or mitoxantrone. Microbiologic data analysis showed an increased incidence of bacteremia with combined anthracycline and intermediate or high dose citarabine administration, when compared to etoposide and mitoxantrone use (p = 0.000387). Both groups developed similarly fast and severe neutropenias and equivalent grades of digestive mucositis. Chemotherapy schedule was the only factor associated with a consecutive bacteremia--or not--during the subsequent neutropenic episode. We conclude that effects other than bone marrow aplasia and digestive mucositis may be relevant in infectious susceptibility induced by cytostatic drugs.

Assuntos

Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Bacteriemia/prevenção & controle , Daunorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Leucemia/tratamento farmacológico , Neutropenia/induzido quimicamente , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/efeitos adversos , Bacteriemia/etiologia , Citarabina/administração & dosagem , Citarabina/efeitos adversos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Etoposídeo/administração & dosagem , Etoposídeo/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mitoxantrona/administração & dosagem , Mitoxantrona/efeitos adversos , Neutropenia/complicações , Neutropenia/tratamento farmacológico , Fatores de Risco

RESUMO

Para evaluar si el uso profiláctico de fluoroquinolona disminuye la incidencia y morbimortalidad de los episodios febriles durante la neutropenia, realizamos un estudio prospectivo, aleatorio y controlado en pacientes adultos con leucemia aguda (A.A.), con neutropenia secundaria a quimioterapia citotóxica y ambulatórios. Veinticinco episódios de neutropenia ocurridos en 14 pacientes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a recibir quinolonas (norfloxacina 800 mg/día o ciporfloxacina 1000 mg/dia), o a no recibir antibióticos profilácticos (grupo control). No hubo diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en sexo, edad, tipo o estadio de la L.A., esquemas de quimioterapia empleados, duración y severidad de la neutropenia con fiebre (p = 0,0448), a una disminución del número de infecciones por bacilos gran negativos (p = 0,037), y a un aumento de las infecciones por Estreptococos (p = 0,0857). No hubo disminución significativa en la mortalidad, incidencia de infecciones severas, proporción de episodios de neutropenia sin fiebre, requerimiento de Anfotericina B, e incidencia de infecciones micóticas en el grupo con quinolonas respecto del control. Se concluye que la profilaxis con fluoroquinolonas no disminuyó la morbimortalidad infecciosa en estos pacientes (AU)

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neutropenia/tratamento farmacológico , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Bacterianas/prevenção & controle , Febre/prevenção & controle , Estudos Prospectivos

RESUMO

Para evaluar si el uso profiláctico de fluoroquinolona disminuye la incidencia y morbimortalidad de los episodios febriles durante la neutropenia, realizamos un estudio prospectivo, aleatorio y controlado en pacientes adultos con leucemia aguda (A.A.), con neutropenia secundaria a quimioterapia citotóxica y ambulatórios. Veinticinco episódios de neutropenia ocurridos en 14 pacientes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a recibir quinolonas (norfloxacina 800 mg/día o ciporfloxacina 1000 mg/dia), o a no recibir antibióticos profilácticos (grupo control). No hubo diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en sexo, edad, tipo o estadio de la L.A., esquemas de quimioterapia empleados, duración y severidad de la neutropenia con fiebre (p = 0,0448), a una disminución del número de infecciones por bacilos gran negativos (p = 0,037), y a un aumento de las infecciones por Estreptococos (p = 0,0857). No hubo disminución significativa en la mortalidad, incidencia de infecciones severas, proporción de episodios de neutropenia sin fiebre, requerimiento de Anfotericina B, e incidencia de infecciones micóticas en el grupo con quinolonas respecto del control. Se concluye que la profilaxis con fluoroquinolonas no disminuyó la morbimortalidad infecciosa en estos pacientes

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Neutropenia/tratamento farmacológico , Febre/prevenção & controle , Infecções Bacterianas/prevenção & controle , Estudos Prospectivos

RESUMO

In order to evaluate whether the prophylactic use of fluoroquinolones diminishes the incidence of infections and/or mortality during neutropenia, we undertook a prospective, aleatory and controlled study in non-hospitalized adult patients with acute leukemia and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia including twenty five episodes of neutropenia including twenty five episodes of neutropenia which had occurred in 14 patients who were randomly selected either to receive or not quinolones (norfloxacin 800 mg daily or ciprofloxacin 1000 mg daily). Both groups were similar in terms of sex, age, underlying disease, chemotherapy for hematologic malignancy, duration and severity of neutropenia. The use of quinolones was associated with a delay in the fever onset during neutropenia (p = 0.0448), a decrease in the proportion of neutropenic febrile days (p = 0.0456), a decrease of infections caused by gram-negative bacilli (p = 0.037) and an increase of Streptococcus infections (p = 0.0857). There was no significant decrease in mortality, incidence of severe infections, proportion of neutropenic episodes without fever, empiric use of amphotericin B or fungal infections between both groups. The results of this study demonstrate that the prophylactic use of fluoroquinolones does not diminish the infectious morbidity and/or mortality in these patients.

Assuntos

Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Neutropenia/complicações , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Infecções Bacterianas/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Febre/prevenção & controle , Fluoroquinolonas , Humanos , Leucemia/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos

RESUMO

In order to evaluate whether the prophylactic use of fluoroquinolones diminishes the incidence of infections and/or mortality during neutropenia, we undertook a prospective, aleatory and controlled study in non-hospitalized adult patients with acute leukemia and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia including twenty five episodes of neutropenia including twenty five episodes of neutropenia which had occurred in 14 patients who were randomly selected either to receive or not quinolones (norfloxacin 800 mg daily or ciprofloxacin 1000 mg daily). Both groups were similar in terms of sex, age, underlying disease, chemotherapy for hematologic malignancy, duration and severity of neutropenia. The use of quinolones was associated with a delay in the fever onset during neutropenia (p = 0.0448), a decrease in the proportion of neutropenic febrile days (p = 0.0456), a decrease of infections caused by gram-negative bacilli (p = 0.037) and an increase of Streptococcus infections (p = 0.0857). There was no significant decrease in mortality, incidence of severe infections, proportion of neutropenic episodes without fever, empiric use of amphotericin B or fungal infections between both groups. The results of this study demonstrate that the prophylactic use of fluoroquinolones does not diminish the infectious morbidity and/or mortality in these patients.