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Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) accounts for most cases of thyroid cancer, and the heterogeneity of DTC requires that management decisions be taken by a multidisciplinary team involving endocrinologists, head and neck surgeons, nuclear medicine physicians, pathologists, radiologists, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists. It is important for nonspecialists to recognize and refer patients with DTC who will benefit from a specialized approach. Recent advances in knowledge and changes in management of DTC call for the need to raise awareness on the part of these nonspecialist physicians, including general endocrinologists and medical oncologists at large. We provide an overview of diagnostic and therapeutic principles in DTC, especially those that bear direct implication on day-to-day management of these patients by generalists. Patients with DTC may be broadly categorized as having localized, locally persistent/recurrent, or metastatic disease. Current recommendations for DTC include a three-tiered system that classifies patients with localized disease into low, intermediate, or high risk of persistent or recurrent disease. Risk stratification should be performed at baseline and repeated on an ongoing basis, depending on clinical evolution. One of the overarching goals in the management of DTC is the need to personalize treatment by tailoring its modality and intensity according to ongoing prognostic stratification, evolving knowledge about the disease, and patient characteristics and preference. In metastatic disease that is refractory to radioactive iodine, thyroid tumors are being reclassified into molecular subtypes that better reflect their biological properties and for which molecular alterations can be targeted with specific agents.
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Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Humanos , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Radioisótopos do Iodo/uso terapêutico , Compostos de Fenilureia , PrognósticoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) accounts for most cases of thyroid cancer, and the heterogeneity of DTC requires that management decisions be taken by a multidisciplinary team involving endocrinologists, head and neck surgeons, nuclear medicine physicians, pathologists, radiologists, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists. It is important for nonspecialists to recognize and refer patients with DTC who will benefit from a specialized approach. Recent advances in knowledge and changes in management of DTC call for the need to raise awareness on the part of these nonspecialist physicians, including general endocrinologists and medical oncologists at large. We provide an overview of diagnostic and therapeutic principles in DTC, especially those that bear direct implication on day-to-day management of these patients by generalists. Patients with DTC may be broadly categorized as having localized, locally persistent/recurrent, or metastatic disease. Current recommendations for DTC include a three-tiered system that classifies patients with localized disease into low, intermediate, or high risk of persistent or recurrent disease. Risk stratification should be performed at baseline and repeated on an ongoing basis, depending on clinical evolution. One of the overarching goals in the management of DTC is the need to personalize treatment by tailoring its modality and intensity according to ongoing prognostic stratification, evolving knowledge about the disease, and patient characteristics and preference. In metastatic disease that is refractory to radioactive iodine, thyroid tumors are being reclassified into molecular subtypes that better reflect their biological properties and for which molecular alterations can be targeted with specific agents.
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RESUMEN Fundamento: las enfermedades cardiovasculares se consideran un problema de salud a nivel mundial, entre ellas, el infarto agudo de miocardio ocupa un lugar relevante y representa una de las primeras causas de muerte en la mayoría de los países. Objetivo: describir las características clínico-epidemiológicas de los pacientes ingresados por síndrome coronario agudo con elevación del segmento ST en el Servicio de Cardiología y Unidad de Cuidados Coronarios del Hospital General Docente Enrique Cabrera de La Habana. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en pacientes con diagnóstico de síndrome coronario agudo con elevación del segmento ST ingresados en la unidad de cuidados coronarios desde septiembre de 2018 hasta septiembre 2021. Se estudiaron 423 pacientes y se analizaron las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. En el análisis estadístico las variables se expresaron como media para las variables continuas y frecuencia y proporción para las variables categóricas utilizando el porcentaje como medida de resumen. Para cuantificar un posible riesgo se utilizó la prueba de Productos Cruzados u Odd Ratio con un intervalo de confianza del 95 % calculado por el método de Woolf. Resultados: se observó predominio del sexo masculino (71,2 %) y la edad promedio fue de 62,31 años. El 74,2 % de los pacientes presentaron hipertensión arterial y 62,2 % fueron fumadores. Se presentó la insuficiencia cardiaca, la hipotensión y la pericarditis como complicaciones más frecuentes. El tratamiento con la terapia trombolítica se administró en la mayoría de los pacientes y la mortalidad se presentó en un 5,6 %. Conclusiones: la hipertensión arterial y el tabaquismo predominaron dentro de los factores de riesgo. La insuficiencia cardiaca fue la complicación más frecuente. Los pacientes con infarto anterior extenso y diabetes mellitus presentaron una probabilidad mayor de complicaciones.
ABSTRACT Background: cardiovascular diseases are considered a health problem worldwide, among them, acute myocardial infarction occupies a relevant place and represents one of the leading causes of death in most countries. Objective: to describe the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of patients admitted for ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome in the Cardiology Service and Coronary Care Unit of the Enrique Cabrera General Teaching Hospital in Havana. Method: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in patients diagnosed with ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome admitted to the coronary care unit from September 2018 to September 2021. 423 patients were studied and sociodemographic and clinical variables were analyzed. In the statistical analysis, the variables were expressed as mean for continuous variables and frequency and proportion for categorical variables, using the percentage as a summary measure. To quantify a possible risk, the Cross Products or Odd Ratio test was used with a 95 % confidence interval calculated by the Woolf method. Results: there was a predominance of males (71.2 %) and the average age was 62.31 years. 74.2 % of the patients had high blood pressure and 62.2 % were smokers. Heart failure, hypotension and pericarditis were presented as the most frequent complications. Treatment with thrombolytic therapy was administered in the majority of patients and mortality was 5.6 %. Conclusions: arterial hypertension and smoking predominated within the risk factors. Heart failure was the most frequent complication. Patients with extensive anterior infarction and diabetes mellitus had a higher probability of complications.
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RESUMEN Introducción: durante el último año, la población ha sufrido las consecuencias emocionales y psicológicas de la pandemia de COVID-19. Por su parte, los universitarios tuvieron que modificar sus rutinas y adaptarse a una nueva modalidad de enseñanza. Objetivo: identificar la incidencia de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la manifestación de estrés académico en estudiantes universitarios. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en un universo conformado por 359 estudiantes de universidades ecuatorianas. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó la ficha sociodemográfica y el Inventario SISCO del estrés académico. Resultados: en la investigación predominaron el sexo femenino y el grupo de edad de 18 a 20 años de varias universidades de la República del Ecuador. El 66,01 % de los universitarios reportaron estrés académico en indicadores de Casi siempre y Siempre; el estresor más frecuente fue la sobrecarga de tareas (x = 4,08); el síntoma más padecido fue problemas de concentración (x = 3,55), y la estrategia más usada fue escuchar música o distraerse viendo televisión (x = 4,00). Conclusión: un alto porcentaje de universitarios presentaron estrés académico, identificándose una relación con la pandemia de COVID-19 en esta población.
ABSTRACT Introduction: throughout the last year, the population has suffered the emotional and psychological consequences of COVID-19 pandemic. University students, as well, had to modify their routines and to adapt themselves to a new teaching modality. Objective: to identify the incidence of COVID-19 pandemic on the manifestation of academic stress in university students. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out in a universe composed by 359 students from Ecuadorian universities. The socio-demographic card and SISCO Academic Stress Inventory were used for data collection. Results: Female sex and the age group from 18 to 20 years predominated in students from several universities of Republic of Ecuador. 66.01 % of the university students reported academic stress with indicators of Almost always and Always; the most frequent stressor was task overload (x = 4.08); the most suffered symptom was concentration troubles (x = 3.55); and the most used strategy was listening to music and distracting watching television (x = 4.00). Conclusion: a high percent of university students showed academic stress, being identified its relationship to COVID-19 pandemic in this population.
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RESUMEN La crisis sanitaria causada por el Coronavirus SARS-COV2 o COVID-19 incrementa sus niveles de contagio y deja millones de muertes, así como secuelas en la esfera psíquica de las personas afectadas. El confinamiento, la cuarentena obligatoria y las medidas usadas para reducir el número de contagios conllevan consecuencias negativas en la salud mental de los estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre estrés académico y el trastorno de ansiedad generalizada ocasionado por la pandemia COVID-2019. Material y Métodos : Estudio descriptivo-correlacional, empleando el Inventario Sistémico Cognoscitivo de Estrés Académico (SISCO) y la Escala para el Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada (GAD-7), aplicados a 359 estudiantes universitarios del Ecuador en el periodo Mayo-Junio 2020. Resultados: La muestra estudiada contó con 64,9% de mujeres y 35,1% hombres, con un 43,7% en el intervalo de edad 21 a 23 años. En SISCO, la media de estrés fue mayor en mujeres (X = 3,4313) vs. varones (X = 3,2142), ambos grupos mostrando niveles altos de estrés académico. Un 51.5% de mujeres y un 34,5% de hombres presentan además síntomas de ansiedad severa según GAD-7. La moderada correlación positiva entre estrés académico y ansiedad generalizada se reflejó en un rho = 0,68. Conclusiones: Existen niveles elevados de estrés académico en estudiantes universitarios, con mujeres como el grupo más afectado. Probandos de ambos sexos mostraron, en su mayoría, síntomas severos de ansiedad.
SUMMARY The health crisis caused by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 o COVID-19 pandemic, increases its contagiousness, and leaves millions of deaths, as well as significant consequences in the psychic sphere of affected people. Lockdown, mandatory quarantine, and the actions taken to reduce the number of infections lead to negative consequences for the mental health of university students. Objective: To identify the relationship between academic stress and generalized anxiety disorder caused by the COVID-2019 pandemic. Material and Methods: Descriptive-correlational study, using the Cognitive Systemic Inventory of Academic Stress (CSIAS) and the Scale for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), applied to 359 university students of Ecuador during the period May-June 2020. Results: From the total sample, 64.9% were women and 35.1%, men, with 43.7% in the 21-23 years-old group. In the CSIAS, the mean stress was higher in women (X = 3.4313) than in men (X = 3.2142), both groups presenting high levels of academic stress. On GAD-7, 51.5% of women presented symptoms of severe anxiety vs. 34.5% of men. A moderate positive correlation between academic stress and generalized anxiety was shown by a rho = 0.638. Conclusions: There are elevated levels of academic stress among university students, with women as the most affected group. A majority of probands of both genders showed symptoms of severe anxiety.
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Abstract: The state of Goiás, in central Brazil, is covered mainly by the Cerrado domain, with the Alto Paraná Atlantic Forest occupying its central-southern portion. Goiás is one of the 20 Brazilian federative units without a mammal checklist. In this study, we provide the first checklist of mammals from Goiás state. We recorded mammal species based primarily on the analysis of specimens housed in scientific collections as well as on literature with associated voucher material. We listed 191 mammalian species belonging to 125 genera, 31 families and 10 orders, which represents 25.2% of the mammal species occurring in Brazil. The most speciose orders were Chiroptera (90 spp.), followed by Rodentia (43 spp.), Carnivora (19 spp.) and Didelphimorphia (17 spp.). The following orders accounted for a smaller portion of the state diversity: Cetartiodactyla (7 spp.), Cingulata (7 spp.), Primates (4 spp.), Pilosa (2 spp.), Lagomorpha (1 sp.), and Perissodactyla (1 sp.). A total of 28 species (14.7%), mainly represented by medium and large-sized mammals, are nationally threatened while 12 (6.3%) are globally threatened. Our results indicate great portions of the state lacking a proper survey of mammals, especially the northwestern portion. We discuss species richness, distribution and conservation status of the mammals of Goiás state in national and regional scenarios. We highlight the need for mammal inventories based on complementary survey techniques with the collection of vouchers in order to provide karyologic, molecular, morphologic, parasitologic, and ecological data. These informations are the basis for integrative studies that lead to the understanding of current mammalian richness and diversity. Indeed, knowledge on species richness distribution in the state will guide conservation strategies, especially in areas undergoing habitat loss and fragmentation, such as the central-southern portion of Goiás.
Resumo: O estado de Goiás, no Brasil central, é coberto principalmente pelo domínio do Cerrado, com a Mata Atlântica do Alto Paraná ocupando sua porção centro-sul. Goiás é uma das 20 unidades federativas brasileiras que ainda não possui uma lista de espécies de mamíferos. Neste estudo, apresentamos a primeira lista de mamíferos para o estado. Registramos as espécies de mamíferos com base principalmente na análise de espécimes depositados em coleções científicas, bem como na literatura apresentando material testemunho associado. Listamos 191 espécies pertencentes a 125 gêneros, 31 famílias e 10 ordens, as quais representam 25,2% das espécies de mamíferos que ocorrem no Brasil. As ordens mais especiosas foram Chiroptera (90 spp.), seguida pelas ordens Rodentia (43 spp.), Carnivora (19 spp.) e Didelphimorphia (17 spp.), com as demais ordens respondendo por uma porção menor da diversidade: Cetartiodactyla (7 spp.), Cingulata (7 spp.), Primates (4 spp.), Pilosa (2 spp.), Lagomorpha (1 sp.) e Perissodactyla (1 sp.). Um total de 28 espécies (14,7%), principalmente representadas por mamíferos de médio e grande porte, estão ameaçadas nacionalmente e 12 (6,3%) encontram-se globalmente ameaçadas. Nossos resultados indicaram grandes porções do estado ainda não devidamente pesquisadas em relação aos seus mamíferos, com informações escassas e fragmentadas, principalmente no que diz respeito à sua porção noroeste. Discutimos a riqueza de espécies, a distribuição e o estado de conservação dos mamíferos do estado de Goiás nos cenários nacional e regional. Ressaltamos a importância da realização de inventários que utilizem técnicas complementares de amostragem, incluindo a coleta de material testemunho, proporcionando a obtenção de dados cariotípicos, moleculares, morfológicos, parasitológicos e ecológicos. Estas informações são a base de estudos integrativos, os quais aumentam nossa compreensão a respeito da riqueza e diversidade atual dos mamíferos. O conhecimento a respeito da distribuição da riqueza de espécies em Goiás é essencial para embasar estratégias de conservação, tão necessárias em áreas que vem sofrendo com a perda e fragmentação de seus hábitats naturais, como a porção centro-sul do estado.
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Aortic stenosis (AS) is common and increasing in prevalence as the population ages. Using computed tomography (CT) to quantify aortic valve calcification (AVC) it has been reported that men have greater degrees of calcification than women among subjects with severe AS. These data, however, were derived in largely Caucasian populations and have not been verified in non-Caucasian subjects. This retrospective study identified 137 patients with severe AS who underwent valve replacement and had CT scans within 6 months prior to surgery. AVC scores were compared between men and women, both in the entire sample and in racial subgroups. 52% of subjects were male and 62.8% were non-Caucasian. Mean AVC score for the entire cohort was 3062.08±2097.87 with a range of 428-13,089. Gender differences in aortic valve calcification were found to be statistically significant with an average AVC score of 3646±2422 in men and 2433±1453 in women (p=0.001). On multivariate analysis, gender remained significantly associated with AVC score both in the entire sample (p=0.014) and in the non-Caucasian subgroup (p=0.008). Mean AVA was significantly greater in males than females but this difference disappeared when AVA was indexed to BSA (p=0.719). AVA was not different between racial groups (p=0.369). In this research we observed that among subjects with severe AS men have higher AVC scores than women regardless of racial background. This is consistent with previous studies in predominantly Caucasian populations.
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Estenose da Valva Aórtica/patologia , Valva Aórtica/patologia , Calcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/epidemiologia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/etnologia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Calcinose/complicações , Calcinose/etnologia , Comorbidade , Ecocardiografia/normas , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Caracteres Sexuais , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodosRESUMO
MAIN CONCLUSION: Seeds of native species from the rain forest (Amazon) are source of chitinases and their protein extracts exhibited strong and broad antifungal activity. Numerous plant species native to the Amazon have not yet been chemically studied. Studies of seeds are scarcer, since adversities in accessing study areas and seasonality pose constant hurdles to systematic research. In this study, proteins were extracted from seeds belonging to endemic Amazon species and were investigated for the first time. Proteolytic activity, peptidase inhibitors, and chitinases were identified, but chitinolytic activity predominated. Four proteins were purified through chromatography and identified as lectin and chitinases by MS/MS analyses. The proteins were examined for inhibition of a phytopathogen (Fusarium oxysporum). Analyses by fluorescence microscopy suggested binding of propidium iodide to DNA of fungal spores, revealing that spore integrity was lost when accessed by the proteins. Further structural and functional analyses of defensive proteins belonging to species facing highly complex ecosystems such as Amazonia should be conducted, since these could provide new insights into specificity and synergism involving defense proteins of plants submitted to a very complex ecosystem.
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Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Sementes/química , Quitinases/isolamento & purificação , Quitinases/farmacologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Fabaceae/química , Fusarium/efeitos dos fármacos , Lectinas/isolamento & purificação , Lectinas/farmacologia , Espectrometria de Massas , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Proteínas de Plantas/farmacologia , Proteômica , Floresta Úmida , Esporos Fúngicos/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Abstract: Habitat loss and fragmentation are the main threats to the conservation of Cerrado biodiversity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the implications of habitat loss on the persistence of medium and large mammal species, considering the spatial and temporal changes (years 1985, 2000 and 2014) to the evaluated fragments. The study was carried out in 14 fragments (10.5 - 618 ha), located in Southeastern Goiás, Brazil. Records for 24 mammal species were obtained and revealed the two sites with the largest habitat amount in the landscape contained higher species richness than the remaining sites. The three mammal groups based on body mass (weight < 5 kg; weight between 5 and 20 kg; and weight > 20 kg) analyzed in this study showed different responses regarding landscape changes. For larger mammals (between 5 - 20 kg and > 20 kg), there was significant association between current species richness and the amount of habitat in 2014, while the species richness of smaller mammals did not significantly correlate with any of the variables assessed for any of the years. Therefore, the amount of habitat present within the current landscape was the most important variable regarding mammal species richness, especially for the larger species. The time lag was not evident at the time scale evaluated, and this delay in response may have occurred in a relatively short time (< 15 years). For the remaining fragments in the studied landscapes, most are too small to support populations of some larger mammal species and may also leave individuals more vulnerable to anthropogenic actions (e.g. hunting), whose effects may accelerate local extinctions.
Resumo: A perda e a fragmentação de habitats são as principais ameaças à conservação da biodiversidade no bioma Cerrado. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar as implicações da perda de habitat na persistência de espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte, levando em consideração as alterações espaciais e temporais dos fragmentos avaliados. O estudo foi realizado em 14 fragmentos (10,5 - 618 ha), localizados na região sudeste de Goiás, Brasil. Foram obtidos registros de 24 espécies de mamíferos, sendo que os dois locais com as maiores quantidades de habitat na paisagem apresentaram maior riqueza de espécies que as demais áreas. Os três grupos de mamíferos baseados na massa corporal criados neste estudo (peso < 5 kg; peso entre 5 e 20 kg; e peso > 20 kg) apresentaram respostas diferentes em relação às mudanças na paisagem. Para os mamíferos de maior porte, houve significativa associação entre a riqueza atual de espécies e a quantidade de habitat na paisagem de 2014, mas a riqueza de espécies de mamíferos de menor porte não apresentou relação significativa com nenhuma das variáveis das paisagens analisadas. Portanto, a quantidade de habitat presente na paisagem atual foi a variável mais importante para a riqueza de espécies de mamíferos, principalmente para as espécies de maior porte. O tempo de latência não ficou evidente na escala temporal avaliada, sendo que esse atraso na resposta pode ter ocorrido em tempo relativamente curto (< 15 anos), pois os fragmentos remanescentes nas paisagens estudadas em sua maioria são pequenos para suportar populações de mamíferos de maior porte e também podem deixar os indivíduos mais vulneráveis às ações antrópicas (e.g. caça), cujos efeitos podem acelerar as extinções locais.
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The aim of this study was to investigate whether the effects of a multidisciplinary intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness are maintained after 6-month follow-up in adolescents with obesity. One-hundred and seven adolescents with obe-sity were intentionally allocated in two groups: experimental or control. Adolescents in experimental group underwent a multidisciplinary intervention (supervised aerobic exercise, psychological, nutritional, and clinical counseling). Cardiorespiratory fitness (direct gas analysis), body composition (dual-energy-DXA), anthropometry and blood lipids were measured before intervention (baseline), at the end of the 24-week intervention (post-intervention) and six months after the end of the intervention (follow-up). Cardiorespiratory fitness reduced in control group with no changes in experimental group, and these differences were maintained in the follow-up assessment (control group: 24.2±4.4 ml.kg-1.min-1to 22.6±4.9 ml.kg-1.min-1; follow-up: 22.6±4.9 ml.kg-1.min-1 vs. experimental group: 28.0±4.0 ml.kg-1.min-1 to 29.7±4.0 ml.kg-1.min-1; follow-up: 28.9±5.7 ml.kg-1.min-1). Reductions in z-score body mass index (BMI) and increases HDL-C af-ter multidisciplinary intervention were maintained after a 6-month follow-up. In conclusion, the benefits of a multidisciplinary intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness, BMI and blood lipids are maintained after a 6-month follow-up. These findings indicate that multidisciplinary interventions produce long-term health consequences on cardiorespiratory fitness. Reinforcing the importance of lifestyle changes as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity in adolescents.
O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar se os efeitos da intervenção multidisciplinar sobre a aptidão cardiorrespiratória são mantidos após um período de segmento de 6 meses em adolescentes com obesidade. Cento e sete adolescentes com obesidade foram intencionalmente alocados em dois grupos: experimental e controle. Os adolescentes do grupo experimental foram submetidos a intervenção multidisciplinar composta por acompanhamento psicológico, nutricional, clínico e treinamento aeróbio. Aptidão cardiorrespiratória (análise de gases), composição corporal (DEXA), antropometria e perfil lipídico foram avaliados no momento basal, após 24 semanas de intervenção e 6 meses após (follow up). A aptidão cardiorrespiratória reduziu no grupo controle sem alterações no grupo experimental, mesmo após o período de 6 meses (controle: 24,2±4,4 ml.kg-1.min-1 para 22,6±4,9 ml.kg-1.min-1; follow-up: 22,6±4,9 ml.kg-1.min-1 vs. grupo experimental: 28,0±4,0 ml.kg-1.min-1 para 29.7±4.0 ml.kg-1.min-1; follow-up: 28,9±5,7 ml.kg-1.min-1). Redução no escore-z do índice de massa corporal (Z-IMC) e elevação do HDL-c verificadas após 24 semanas, foram mantidas após o período de segmento. Os resultados indicam que os efeitos da intervenção multidisciplinar são mantidos após 6 meses de seguimento. Estes achados sugerem que intervenções multidisciplinares podem produzir alterações benéficas de longo prazo na capacidade cardiorrespiratória.
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Aptidão Física , Adolescente , Obesidade InfantilRESUMO
The commercial poultry industry requires the use of poultry litter. Therefore, the main purpose of using broiler litter is to provide comfort to the birds, with wood shaving and rice husk being the most widely used raw materials. On the other hand, there is a search for alternative materials in the main intention to reduce costs. Therefore, in order to evaluate the use of vegetable charcoal as broiler litter, an experiment with 225 broiler chicks divided into three treatments (T1 = broiler chicks housed in wood shaving (WS) litter; T2 = broiler chicks housed in 50% WS litter and 50% charcoal chaff (CC); T3 = broiler chicks housed in 100% CC, with five replicates of 15 birds each was performed. Performance (feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion) in periods of one to seven, one to 21, 21 to 41 and one to 41 days of age was assessed. The dry matter, ash, phosphorous and nitrogen levels on the litter were assessed at the end of the trial period. Sample fragments were taken from the trachea and lungs to evaluate possible changes related to the presence of chaff at the end of the trial period. There were no significant differences in the broiler performance. Also, no histopathological lesions were found on the organs of birds raised in litters. In the conditions this experiment has been developed, it can be concluded that it is possible to use CC as broiler litter since it has not affected the broiler performance and has not caused injury to the birds' respiratory tract.(AU)
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Animais , Carvão Vegetal/análise , Galinhas , Bem-Estar do Animal , Traqueia/lesões , Resíduos IndustriaisRESUMO
The use of poultry litter is key to the commercial poultry industry. Among its many functions, it is fundamental to provide comfort to the birds, and wood shavings and rice husk are the most widely used raw materials. However, there has been a search for alternative materials, with the main purpose of reducing costs. Therefore, this paper assesses the use of chaff (charcoal processing waste) (with approximately five mm particle size) as chicken litter, in an experiment with 225 broiler chicks divided into three treatments (T1 = broiler chicks housed in wood shaving litter; T2 = broiler chicks housed in 50% wood shaving litter and 50% charcoal processing waste (chaff); T3 = broiler chicks housed in 100% chaff litter, with five replicates of 15 birds each. Performance (feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion) in periods of one to seven, one to 21, 21 to 41 and one to 41 days of age was assessed. The dry matter, ash, phosphorous and nitrogen levels on the litter were assessed at the end of the trial period (41 days of age). Sample fragments were taken from the trachea, lung and thymus to evaluate possible changes related to the presence of the chaff at the end of the trial period. There were no significant differences in the broiler performance. Also, no histopathological lesions were found on the organs of birds raised in litters. Keywords: Feed Conversion. Alternative Material
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The use of poultry litter is key to the commercial poultry industry. Among its many functions, it is fundamental to provide comfort to the birds, and wood shavings and rice husk are the most widely used raw materials. However, there has been a search for alternative materials, with the main purpose of reducing costs. Therefore, this paper assesses the use of chaff (charcoal processing waste) (with approximately five mm particle size) as chicken litter, in an experiment with 225 broiler chicks divided into three treatments (T1 = broiler chicks housed in wood shaving litter; T2 = broiler chicks housed in 50% wood shaving litter and 50% charcoal processing waste (chaff); T3 = broiler chicks housed in 100% chaff litter, with five replicates of 15 birds each. Performance (feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion) in periods of one to seven, one to 21, 21 to 41 and one to 41 days of age was assessed. The dry matter, ash, phosphorous and nitrogen levels on the litter were assessed at the end of the trial period (41 days of age). Sample fragments were taken from the trachea, lung and thymus to evaluate possible changes related to the presence of the chaff at the end of the trial period. There were no significant differences in the broiler performance. Also, no histopathological lesions were found on the organs of birds raised in litters. Keywords: Feed Conversion. Alternative Material
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Genomic Islands (GIs) are regions of bacterial genomes that are acquired from other organisms by the phenomenon of horizontal transfer. These regions are often responsible for many important acquired adaptations of the bacteria, with great impact on their evolution and behavior. Nevertheless, these adaptations are usually associated with pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance, degradation and metabolism. Identification of such regions is of medical and industrial interest. For this reason, different approaches for genomic islands prediction have been proposed. However, none of them are capable of predicting precisely the complete repertory of GIs in a genome. The difficulties arise due to the changes in performance of different algorithms in the face of the variety of nucleotide distribution in different species. In this paper, we present a novel method to predict GIs that is built upon mean shift clustering algorithm. It does not require any information regarding the number of clusters, and the bandwidth parameter is automatically calculated based on a heuristic approach. The method was implemented in a new user-friendly tool named MSGIP--Mean Shift Genomic Island Predictor. Genomes of bacteria with GIs discussed in other papers were used to evaluate the proposed method. The application of this tool revealed the same GIs predicted by other methods and also different novel unpredicted islands. A detailed investigation of the different features related to typical GI elements inserted in these new regions confirmed its effectiveness. Stand-alone and user-friendly versions for this new methodology are available at http://msgip.integrativebioinformatics.me.
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Genoma Bacteriano , Ilhas Genômicas , Genômica/métodos , Algoritmos , Análise por ConglomeradosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: anthropometric indicators are easy to apply and can help identify the accumulation of visceral fat, which favors the occurrence of cardiovascular events, increasing morbidity and mortality from chronic degenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the accuracy of anthropometric indicators for the location of abdominal fat in determining visceral adiposity. SUBJECTS/METHODS: cross-sectional study conducted among patients attending outpatient, of both sexes, aged over 20 years. Evaluated: Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), waist-to- stature ratio (CER), conicity index (CI); Sagittal Abdominal Diameter (DAS); Coronal Diameter (DC); Mass Index (BMI), percentage of body fat (% BF); Visceral Adiposity (AV/AS) predicted by the formula , fasting glucose , total cholesterol (TC), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), Very Low Density lipoprotein (VLDL) and Triglycerides (TG). RESULTS: 129 patients were included, mean age 51, 06 + 14.02 years and a higher prevalence of adults (72,9%) and female (75,2%). CC 102,9 (+ 10,82 ), CI 2,08 (+ 0,13), and the AV/AS 1,03 (+ 0,16), showed high values with statistical significance among men, p.
Introducción: los indicadores antropométricos son fáciles de aplicar y pueden ayudar en la identificación de la acumulación de grasa visceral, lo que favorece la aparición de eventos cardiovasculares, así como, el aumento de la morbilidad y mortalidad por enfermedades crónicas. Objetivo: evaluar la exactitud de los indicadores antropométricos de distribución de la grasa abdominal para determinar la adiposidad visceral. Sujetos/Métodos: estudio transversal realizado con pacientes ambulatorios, de ambos sexos, mayores de 20 años. Fueron evaluados: circunferencia de la cintura (CC); relación cintura-cadera (WHR); cintura-altura (CER); índice Taper (CI); diámetro abdominal sagital (DAS); (DC) de diámetro coronal; índice de masa corporal (IMC); porcentaje de grasa corporal (% GC); adiposidad visceral (AV/AS) predicha por la fórmula; glucosa en sangre en ayunas; colesterol total (TC); lipoproteína de baja densidad (LDL); lipoproteína de alta densidad (HDL); lipoproteínas de muy baja densidad (VLDL) y triglicéridos (TG). Resultados: se evaluaron 129 pacientes, edad media 51, 06 + 14,02 años y una mayor prevalencia de adultos (72,9%) y mujeres (75,2%). CC 102,9 (+ 10,82), HF 2,08 (± 0,13) y AV/AS 1,03 (+ 0,16), mostraron valores altos con significación estadística entre los hombres, p < 0,001. Lo mismo ocurrió con la CT (+ 46,4 212,41), HDL (50,15 + 13,24) y LDL (135,62 + 40,16) entre las mujeres, p < 0,05. DC, RCE, DAS y DC mostraron una correlación inversa y significativa con la AV/AS: r = -0,364; -0.457; -0.403; -0.296; -0.475, respectivamente, p < 0,001. Sin embargo, que mejor explicó la varianza de la obesidad visceral fueron el DC (R² = 0,77), CQ (R² = 0,64) y RCE (R² = 0,59). Discusión/Conclusión: la DC y el CER fueron los mejores predictores para las mediciones antropométricas de la obesidad visceral.
Assuntos
Adiposidade/fisiologia , Algoritmos , Antropometria , Gordura Intra-Abdominal/anatomia & histologia , Adulto , Idoso , Glicemia/análise , Composição Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Circunferência da Cintura , Relação Cintura-Quadril , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objective To compare the total and differential leukocyte count in obese and normal-weight adolescents, and to verify their possible relations with cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity indicators. Methods A cross-sectional study conducted with 139 adolescents (107 obese and 32 normal weight) aged between 13 and 18 years. Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by direct gas analysis during an incremental treadmill test. Total leukocytes and subsets were estimated by flow cytometry. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The t-test for independent samples was used for comparison between groups. The relation between leukocytes, cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity indicators was verified by Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regression (adjusted for age and body mass index) tests. Results Obese adolescents had higher leukocyte (8.12±2.36u/L x 103; p=0.001), neutrophil (4.33±1.86u/L x 103; p=0.002), and monocyte (0.70±0.22u/L x 103; p=0.002) counts compared to the levels of normal weight subjects. After the necessary adjustments, cardiorespiratory fitness had a negative association with leukocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes in boys. Conclusion Obese adolescents had higher total and differential leucocyte count when compared to normal weight individuals. We also observed a weak positive association between adiposity and total leukocyte, monocyte, and neutrophil counts, and in boys, a negative association between cardiorespiratory fitness and total count of leukocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils. .
Objetivo Comparar a contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos de adolescentes obesos e eutróficos, e verificar suas possíveis relações com a aptidão cardiorrespiratória e indicadores de adiposidade. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado com 139 adolescentes (107 obesos e 32 eutróficos), com idades entre 13 e 18 anos. A aptidão cardiorrespiratória foi determinada por análise direta de gases durante um teste incremental em esteira rolante. As contagens de leucócitos totais e subconjuntos foram estimadas por citometria de fluxo. A composição corporal foi avaliada pelo método de dupla energia de raios X. O teste t para amostras independentes foi utilizado para comparação entre os grupos. A relação entre leucócitos, aptidão cardiorrespiratória e indicadores de adiposidade foi verificada por meio dos testes de correlação de Pearson e regressão linear múltipla (ajustado para idade e índice de massa corporal). Resultados Os adolescentes obesos apresentaram leucócitos (8,12±2,36u/L x 103; p=0,001), neutrófilos (4,33±1,86u/L x 103; p=0,002) e monócitos (0,70±0,22u/L x 103; p=0,002) mais elevados em comparação com os níveis dos eutróficos. Após os ajustes necessários, a aptidão cardiorrespiratória foi negativamente associada com leucócitos, neutrófilos e monócitos em meninos. Conclusão Adolescentes obesos apresentaram maior contagem de leucócitos totais e subpopulações, quando comparados aos eutróficos. Observou-se também uma fraca relação positiva entre adiposidade e leucócitos totais, monócitos ...
Assuntos
Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adiposidade/fisiologia , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Antropometria , Fenômenos Fisiológicos Cardiovasculares , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Teste de Esforço , Contagem de Leucócitos/estatística & dados numéricos , Puberdade , Valores de Referência , Fenômenos Fisiológicos Respiratórios , Fatores Sexuais , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
The adequate selection of indicator groups of biodiversity is an important aspect of the systematic conservation planning. However, these assessments differ in the spatial scales, in the methods used and in the groups considered to accomplish this task, which generally produces contradictory results. The quantification of the spatial congruence between species richness and complementarity among different taxonomic groups is a fundamental step to identify potential indicator groups. Using a constructive approach, the main purposes of this study were to evaluate the performance and efficiency of eight potential indicator groups representing amphibian diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Data on the geographic range of amphibian species that occur in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest were overlapped to the full geographic extent of the biome, which was divided into a regular equal-area grid. Optimization routines based on the concept of complementarily were applied to verify the performance of each indicator group selected in relation to the representativeness of the amphibians in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest as a whole, which were solved by the algorithm "simulated annealing," through the use of the software MARXAN. Some indicator groups were substantially more effective than others in regard to the representation of the taxonomic groups assessed, which was confirmed by the high significance of the data (F = 312.76; P < 0.01). Leiuperidae was considered as the best indicator group among the families analyzed, as it showed a good performance, representing 71% of amphibian species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (i.e., 290 species), which may be associated with the diffuse geographic distribution of their species. In this sense, this study promotes understanding of how the diversity standards of amphibians can be informative for systematic conservation planning on a regional scale.
RESUMO
White-Nose syndrome (WNS) is an emergent infectious disease that has already killed around six million bats in North America and has spread over two thousand kilometers from its epicenter. However, only a few studies on the possible impacts of the fungus on bat hosts were conducted, particularly concerning its implications for bat conservation. We predicted the consequences of WNS spread by generating a map with potential areas for its occurrence based on environmental conditions in sites where the disease already occurs, and overlaid it with the geographic distribution of all hibernating bats in North America. We assumed that all intersection localities would negatively affect local bat populations and reassessed their conservation status based on their potential population decline. Our results suggest that WNS will not spread widely throughout North America, being mostly restricted to the east and southeast regions. In contrast, our most pessimistic scenario of population decline indicated that the disease would threaten 32% of the bat species. Our results could help further conservation plans to preserve bat diversity in North America.