RESUMO
Work has not examined if acculturation or enculturation may predict endorsed benefits, barriers, and intentions to seek mental health services for depression, specifically among Latino students enrolled in a rural and majority Latino immigrant institution of higher education. An improved understanding of factors informing mental health help-seeking is needed to identify possible intervention points to address gaps in accessing depression treatment. Participants (N = 406) read a vignette depicting a person with depressive symptoms. Participants were asked if they would seek help for depression if in the situation described in the vignette. Participants provided text responses about their preferences for managing depression symptoms and their mental health help-seeking history. Additionally, participants completed a self-report depression symptom screener, demographic surveys, acculturation assessment, and questionnaires on perceived benefits and barriers to seeking mental health services. Path analysis was used to test the link between acculturation status and intent to seek services for depression, with benefits and barriers as mediators. The results revealed that higher perceived benefits and lower barriers were directly associated with greater intentions to seek help. Furthermore, an indirect effect of acculturation on help-seeking intentions via higher perceived benefits of seeking care was observed. These findings persisted after controlling for age, gender, depression, and history of seeking care for depression. Future work should test the replicability of this finding with diverse college students living in predominantly immigrant communities. Universities might consider tailoring outreach initiatives to provide information on the range and accessibility of mental health services, the location of mental health service centers, and the procedures for accessing such services.
RESUMO
Alcohol's effects on bystander responses to potential sexual assault situations are understudied. In this mixed-methods study, we examined quality of bystander responses in intoxicated versus sober people. Participants were 121 young adults (ages 21-29, 50% female) randomly assigned to consume alcoholic beverages or soda water. After drinking, participants listened to a sexual assault vignette and completed a semistructured interview assessing how they would respond if they had witnessed the situation. Nearly all participants reported they would directly intervene if faced with the situation. Intoxicated participants and men were significantly less likely to use high-quality bystander intervention strategies than were sober participants and women. Results suggest that alcohol intoxication may negatively impact the likelihood that bystander intervention efforts will be helpful.
Assuntos
Intoxicação Alcoólica , Delitos Sexuais , Adulto , Bebidas Alcoólicas , Intoxicação Alcoólica/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Delitos Sexuais/prevenção & controle , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a causal agent in many negative adulthood outcomes, including the risk for life-threatening behaviors such as suicide ideation and suicide attempts. Traumatic events such as CSA may pose risk in the healthy development of cognitive and emotional functioning during childhood. In fact, high impulsivity, a risk factor for suicidal behavior, is characteristic of CSA victims. The current study aims to understand the relations among CSA, impulsivity, and frequency of lifetime suicide attempts among a female patient sample admitted for suicidal behavior. Participants included 177 female patients between the ages of 18 and 63 years admitted at two hospitals in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Number of previous suicide attempts and CSA were assessed via structured interviews, while impulsivity was assessed with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). A model of structural equations was employed to evaluate the role of impulsivity in the relation between CSA and suicide attempts. CSA (ß=.18, p<.05) and impulsivity (ß=.24, p<.05) were associated with the number of previous suicide attempts. However, impulsivity was not significantly associated with CSA (ß=.09, p>.05). CSA and impulsivity are independently associated with lifetime suicide attempts among female patients with recent suicidal behavior.
Assuntos
Abuso Sexual na Infância/psicologia , Comportamento Impulsivo , Tentativa de Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Argentina , Cuidadores/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança , Feminino , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Ideação Suicida , Tentativa de Suicídio/psicologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This study explored the benefits of brief, passive psychoeducation about intimate partner violence (IPV) in two diverse samples. Participants were 100 college students from the United States and Argentina. The experimental group received brief psychoeducation about IPV, whereas control subjects did not. Results indicated that participants receiving brief, passive psychoeducation did significantly better on a subsequent IPV knowledge quiz and were significantly more likely to label IPV scenarios as abusive than participants in the control group. Mean differences were largest for the more subtle forms of IPV (e.g., social and economic abuse). In contrast, mean differences were negligible for physical and sexual abuse, in part because nearly all participants saw these acts as abusive regardless of condition. There were no significant differences in knowledge improvement as a function of cultural group. Prevention and intervention efforts are discussed.