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CONTEXT: Studies using experimental models have demonstrated that prebiotics are involved in antiosteoporotic mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the impact of supplementation with prebiotics in the basal diet of ovariectomized rats with induced osteoporosis as a preclinical model. METHODS: A comprehensive systematic search was carried out in the electronic databases PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scielo, and Google through March 2022 for studies that investigated the impact of prebiotics on bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and bone biomechanics. RESULTS: The search returned 844 complete articles, abstracts, or book chapters. After detailed screening, 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. Rats (n = 206), were randomly divided between control and treatment groups. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) with the 95%CIs were used to estimate the combined effect size. Compared with the control group, dietary intake of prebiotics significantly increased bone density in the BMD subgroups, with WMDs as follows: 0.03 g/cm3, 95%CI, 0.01-0.05, P < 0.00001, n = 46; and 0.00 g/cm2, 95%CI, 0.00-0.02, P < 0.00001, n = 81; total BMD: WMD, 0.01, 95%CI, 0.01-0.02, P < 0.00001, n = 127; bone content in BMC: WMD, 0.02 g, 95%CI, 0.00-0.04, P = 0.05, n = 107; and the 3-point-bend test: WMD, 15.20 N, 95%CI, 5.92-24.47, P = 0.00001, n = 120. CONCLUSION: Prebiotics improve indicators of osteoporosis, BMD, BMC, and bone biomechanics in ovariectomized rats. More studies are needed to increase the level of evidence. SYSTEMIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: Systematic Review Protocol for Animal Intervention Studies.

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CONTEXT: Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic, relapsing diseases that compromise life quality and expectancy. The increased incidence and prevalence of these diseases reinforce the need for research on prevention, therapy, and management innovations. Synbiotics (ie, probiotic plus prebiotic combinations) are suggested as an alternative or complementary therapy to conventional treatments for inflammatory bowel disease. OBJECTIVE: The aim for this systematic review was to gather and analyze data from randomized controlled trials to provide more information to increase the current evidence level about the safety and efficacy of synbiotic use as a supplemental treatment for ulcerative colitis. DATA SOURCES: Searches were performed in the Medline, Science Direct, Scielo, Scopus, and Embase databases between January 2017 and March 2019, using the keywords "colitis" and "synbiotics". DATA EXTRACTION: The data extraction method performed for each trial was based on the recommendations of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials for randomized clinical trials. The trials included in this meta-analysis presented low risk of bias, based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions guidelines. DATA ANALYSIS: The results demonstrated that synbiotics significantly improved colonic endoscopic and histologic scores, the Clinical Activity Index, serum C-reactive protein levels, intestinal microbiota, Bowel Habits Index, and levels of messenger RNAs, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1α, interleukin-10, and myeloperoxidase in the patients. In addition, the use of synbiotics increased probiotic microorganisms, reduced proinflammatory colonic cytokines, and elevated anti-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, the results of this meta-analysis reinforce the evidence that synbiotics provide benefits to patients when used as an alternative or complementary therapy for those with ulcerative colitis.

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BACKGROUND AND AIM: The prebiotics, mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), demonstrate the ability to increase probiotic microorganisms and fixation and removal of pathogens associated with chronic systemic inflammation in the digestive system. Inflammatory processes play an important role in modulating the brain-intestinal axis, including maintaining male reproductive function and spermatogenesis and regulating stress. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the action of MOS on testosterone and corticosterone concentrations and the reproductive system development of rats in the growth phase as an animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 128 male rats were used, randomly divided into four experimental groups (n=32): Control; MOS 1; MOS 2; and MOS 3. From each group, eight animals were sacrificed in four experimental moments (14, 28, 42, and 56 days, respectively, moments 1, 2, 3, and 4) and hormonal measurements and histological evaluations were performed. RESULTS: The results revealed the effect of diet, MOS, and timing on testicle weight (p<0.05). At moments 3 and 4, the groups supplemented with MOS showed higher concentrations of testosterone and decreased corticosterone levels throughout the experimental period. Groups supplemented with MOS showed an increase in the frequency of relative sperm and sperm scores. The radii of the seminiferous tubules presented a significant statistical effect of the diet, moments, and diet + moment interaction. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the three different MOS prebiotics brought forward sexual maturity.

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Smoking is one of the main risk factor for periodontal disease, increasing its prevalence and severity. Probiotics emerged as an alternative for the prevention and treatment of many diseases, since it can modulate the host immune response and modify the modify the microbiome. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of probiotic administration on the periodontal tissues in rats exposed to cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI). Forty rats were allocated into the following groups (n=10): group C (control, without CSI and probiotic); group PROB (control+probiotic); group CSI (CSI) and group CSI+PROB (CSI+probiotic). Groups PROB and CSI+PROB received 2g of an association of probiotic microorganisms incorporated into the feed during 6 months. Groups CSI and CSI+PROB were exposed to CSI for 60 min daily. After six months all the animals were euthanized and the hemi-mandibles were collected and processed for microcomputed tomography analyses. Regarding the body weight of the animals, feed consumption was similar among the groups, however, after the second month groups C and PROB showed higher body weight gain when compared to groups CSI and CSI+PROB (p<0.05). Group CSI presented reduced bone mineral density (BMD), whereas group PROB showed the highest values (p=0.01). It can be concluded that administration of probiotics promoted an increase in BMD and, consequently, a protective effect on the mandibular bone structures in rats exposed to inhalation of cigarette smoke.

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Abstract Smoking is one of the main risk factor for periodontal disease, increasing its prevalence and severity. Probiotics emerged as an alternative for the prevention and treatment of many diseases, since it can modulate the host immune response and modify the modify the microbiome. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of probiotic administration on the periodontal tissues in rats exposed to cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI). Forty rats were allocated into the following groups (n=10): group C (control, without CSI and probiotic); group PROB (control+probiotic); group CSI (CSI) and group CSI+PROB (CSI+probiotic). Groups PROB and CSI+PROB received 2g of an association of probiotic microorganisms incorporated into the feed during 6 months. Groups CSI and CSI+PROB were exposed to CSI for 60 min daily. After six months all the animals were euthanized and the hemi-mandibles were collected and processed for microcomputed tomography analyses. Regarding the body weight of the animals, feed consumption was similar among the groups, however, after the second month groups C and PROB showed higher body weight gain when compared to groups CSI and CSI+PROB (p<0.05). Group CSI presented reduced bone mineral density (BMD), whereas group PROB showed the highest values (p=0.01). It can be concluded that administration of probiotics promoted an increase in BMD and, consequently, a protective effect on the mandibular bone structures in rats exposed to inhalation of cigarette smoke.

Resumo O tabagismo é um dos principais fatores de risco para a doença periodontal, aumentando sua prevalência e gravidade. Os probióticos surgiram como uma alternativa para a prevenção e tratamento de muitas doenças, uma vez que podem modular a resposta imune do hospedeiro e promover a modificação do microbioma. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da administração de probiótico sobre os tecidos periodontais em ratos expostos à inalação de fumaça de cigarro (CSI). Quarenta ratos foram divididos nos seguintes grupos (n=10): grupo C (controle, sem CSI e probiótico); grupo PROB (controle+probiótico); grupo CSI (CSI) e grupo CSI+PROB (CSI+probiótico). Os grupos PROB e CSI+PROB receberam 2g de uma associação de microrganismos probióticos incorporados à ração durante 6 meses. Os grupos CSI e CSI + PROB foram expostos à CSI por 60 minutos diários. Após seis meses, todos os animais foram eutanasiados e as hemi mandíbulas coletadas e processadas para análises de microtomografia computadorizada. Em relação ao peso corporal dos animais, o consumo de ração foi semelhante entre os grupos, porém, após o segundo mês os grupos C e PROB apresentaram maior ganho de peso quando comparados aos grupos CSI e CSI+PROB (p <0,05). O grupo CSI apresentou redução na densidade mineral óssea (DMO), enquanto que o grupo PROB apresentou os maiores valores (p=0,01). Pode-se concluir que a administração de probióticos promoveu aumento da DMO e, consequentemente, efeito protetor sobre as estruturas ósseas mandibulares em ratos expostos à inalação de fumaça de cigarro.

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Cigarette smoke in large centers is one of the most important causes of chronic inflammatory diseases in public health and is associated with a decrease in bone mass, consolidation process, and bone remodeling. Due to their ability to improve intestinal absorption and compete with pathogenic microorganisms, dietary supplementation with functional foods may contribute to improvement in bone quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of functional, probiotic, prebiotic, or symbiotic food supplementation on mineral composition, histomorphometry, and bone biomechanical properties of rats in the growth phase, chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (T).Sixty-four young male rats were randomly assigned to eight groups (n=8): control (C) [standard diet (SD)]; probiotic (Pro) [SD + probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium thermophilum and Bifidobacterium longum) (2-5 109 UFC each)]; prebiotic (Pre) [SD+ prebiotic (mannan oligosaccharide)]; symbiotic (Sym) (SD + probiotic + prebiotic); control smoking (SC) [(SD + exposure protocol to passive smoking (PS)]; probiotic smoking (ProS) (SD + probiotic + PS); prebiotic smoking (PreS) (SD + prebiotic + PS), and symbiotic smoking (SymS)(SD + prebiotic + probiotic + PS). The animals were euthanized after 189 days of the experimental protocol. Results showed that supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics significantly improved (P<0.05) the parameters: P, Ca, Mg, BMD, BMC, strength, resilience, and size of area of the femoral diaphysis of the animals chronically exposed or not cigarette smoke. We concluded that functional food supplementation improved the bone health of rats chronically exposed or not to cigarette smoke.(AU)

A fumaça de cigarro em grandes centros é uma das causas mais importantes de doenças inflamatórias crônicas em saúde pública e esta associada à diminuição de massa óssea, processo de consolidação e remodelação óssea. Os alimentos funcionais suplementados na dieta, devido sua capacidade de melhorar a absorção intestinal e competir com microrganismos patógenos, podem contribuir para a melhora da qualidade óssea. Portanto, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de alimentos funcionais, probiótico, prebiótico ou simbiótico, na composição mineral, histomorfometria e nas propriedades biomecânicas ósseas de ratos em fase de crescimento expostos cronicamente a fumaça do cigarro (T). Sessenta e quatro ratos machos jovens foram randomicamente distribuídos em oito grupos (n=8): controle (C) [dieta basal (DB)]; probiótico (Pro) [DB + probiótico (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterecoccusfaecium, Bifidobacterium thermophilumandBifidobacterium longum (2-5 109 UFC cada)]; prebiótico (Pre) [DB + prebiótico (mananoligossacarídeo)]; simbiótico (Sym) (DB + probiótico + prebiótico); controle fumante (CS) [(DB + protocolo de exposição ao tabagismo passivo(PT)]; probiótico fumante (ProS) (DB + probiótico + PT); prebiótico fumante (PreS) (DB + prebiótico + PT); e simbiótico fumante (SymS) (DB + prebiótico + probiótico + PT). Os animais foram mortos após 189 dias de período experimental.Os resultados revelaram que a suplementação com probióticos, prebióticos e simbióticos melhoraram significativamente (P<0,05) os parâmetros: P, Ca, Mg, DMO, CMO, resistência, resiliência e tamanho da área das diáfises dos fêmures dos animais expostos, cronicamente ou não, a fumaça do cigarro. Os resultados permitem concluir que a suplementação dos alimentos funcionais melhorou a saúde óssea de ratos expostos cronicamente ou não a fumaça do cigarro.(AU)

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BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional, physiological and biochemical effects of dietary supplementation of an association of probiotic bacteria in rats intoxicated with chromium (VI). Ninety-six male rats, recently weaned, were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 12): Control, DK12, DK24 and DK36 (0, 0.12, 0.24 and 0.36 g kg-1 of K2 Cr2 O7 incorporated in the basal feed, respectively) and groups Prob, DK12 + Prob, DK24 + Prob and DK36 + Prob received a progressive dose of 0, 0.12, 0.24 and 0.36 g kg-1 of K2 Cr2 O7 incorporated in the basal feed and supplemented with 0.02 g kg-1 of an association of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium thermophilum and Bifidobacterium longum). RESULTS: After 90 days, we observed significant (P < 0.05) and dose-dependent alterations from incorporation of increasing doses of chromium (VI) related to nutritional, physiological and biochemical parameters. These changes were attenuated (P < 0.05) with probiotic supplementation. CONCLUSION: Supplementation with probiotics in the diet beneficially modified the nutritional and physiological parameters, as well as hepatic, renal, glycemic and lipid profiles, of animals intoxicated with increasing doses of K2 Cr2 O7 . © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

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SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of growth hormone (GH) and muscle strength training (ST) on the composition of bone tissue of Wistar rats through Raman spectroscopy. In total, 40 male rats were randomly distributed into four groups: (N = 10) control (C), control with the application of GH (GHC), strength training (T), and strength training with the application of GH (GHT). The training consisted of four series of 10 water jumps, performed three times a week, with an overload corresponding to 50 % of body weight and duration of four weeks. GH was applied at a dose of 0.2 IU / kg in each animal three times a week and every other day. After four weeks, the animals were euthanized and the right femurs collected for analysis of the bone structure. Raman spectroscopy (ER) was used to observe the following compounds from their respective bands: Calcium Carbonate-Triglycerides (fatty acids) 1073 cm-1, Collagen type I 509 cm-1, Bone-DNA Phosphate (Protein) 589 cm-1, Phosphate Phospholipids 1078 cm-1. For the statistical analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk and ANOVA One-Way variance analysis normality tests were performed, followed by the Tukey post-test. The results showed an increase in the concentrations of calcium carbonate-triglycerides (fatty acids), type I collagen, bone phosphate-DNA (protein), and phosphate phospholipids in all experimental groups, with or without ST and/or GH , But only the isolated training group differed significantly from the control group (P <0.05). It was concluded that all treatments could promote bone tissue gain, however, only the T group demonstrated a significant difference in the mineral compounds analyzed.

RESUMEN: El objetivo del estudio fue avaluar el efecto de la aplicación de la hormona del crecimiento (GH) y entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular (EF) en la composición del tejido óseo de ratas Wistar a partir de la espectroscopía Raman. Fueron utilizadas 40 ratas machos distribuidas de forma aleatoria en cuatro grupos (n=10): control (C), control y aplicación de GH (GHC), entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular (EF) y entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular y aplicación del GH (GHE). El entrenamiento fue consistió en cuatro series de 10 saltos acuáticos, realizados tres veces en la semana, con sobrecarga correspondiente a 50 % de la masa corporal y durante cuatro semanas. El GH fue aplicado en la dosificación de 0,2 UI/kg en cada animal, tres veces en la semana y en días alternados. Después de cuatro semanas, los animales fueran eutanasiados y retirados los fémures derechos para un análisis de la estructura ósea. La espectroscopía Raman fue utilizada para observar los siguientes compuestos a partir de las respectivas bandas: Carbonato de Calcio-Triglicéridos (ácidos grasos) 1073 cm-1, Colágeno Tipo I 509 cm-1, Fosfato Óseo-DNA (Proteína) 589 cm1, Fosfato Fosfolípidos 1078 cm-1. Para el análisis estadístico, fueron realizadas las pruebas Shapiro-Wilk y el análisis de variancia ANOVA One-Way, seguida de test post hoc de Tukey. Los resultados revelaran aumento de la concentración de Carbonato de Calcio-Triglicéridos (ácidos grasos), Colágeno Tipo I, Fosfato Óseo- DNA (Proteína), Fosfato Fosfolípidos en todos los grupos experimentales, asociados o no a la realización del EF y/o aplicación del GH. Además, solamente el grupo EF mostró diferencia significativa del grupo C (p<0,05). Es posible concluir que todos los tratamientos mostraran aumentos en el tejido óseo, sin embargo, solamente el grupo T demostró una diferencia significativa en los compuestos minerales analizados.

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ABSTRACT: Cigarette smoke in large centers is one of the most important causes of chronic inflammatory diseases in public health and is associated with a decrease in bone mass, consolidation process, and bone remodeling. Due to their ability to improve intestinal absorption and compete with pathogenic microorganisms, dietary supplementation with functional foods may contribute to improvement in bone quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of functional, probiotic, prebiotic, or symbiotic food supplementation on mineral composition, histomorphometry, and bone biomechanical properties of rats in the growth phase, chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (T).Sixty-four young male rats were randomly assigned to eight groups (n=8): control (C) [standard diet (SD)]; probiotic (Pro) [SD + probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium thermophilum and Bifidobacterium longum) (2-5 109 UFC each)]; prebiotic (Pre) [SD+ prebiotic (mannan oligosaccharide)]; symbiotic (Sym) (SD + probiotic + prebiotic); control smoking (SC) [(SD + exposure protocol to passive smoking (PS)]; probiotic smoking (ProS) (SD + probiotic + PS); prebiotic smoking (PreS) (SD + prebiotic + PS), and symbiotic smoking (SymS)(SD + prebiotic + probiotic + PS). The animals were euthanized after 189 days of the experimental protocol. Results showed that supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics significantly improved (P<0.05) the parameters: P, Ca, Mg, BMD, BMC, strength, resilience, and size of area of the femoral diaphysis of the animals chronically exposed or not cigarette smoke. We concluded that functional food supplementation improved the bone health of rats chronically exposed or not to cigarette smoke.

RESUMO: A fumaça de cigarro em grandes centros é uma das causas mais importantes de doenças inflamatórias crônicas em saúde pública e esta associada à diminuição de massa óssea, processo de consolidação e remodelação óssea. Os alimentos funcionais suplementados na dieta, devido sua capacidade de melhorar a absorção intestinal e competir com microrganismos patógenos, podem contribuir para a melhora da qualidade óssea. Portanto, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de alimentos funcionais, probiótico, prebiótico ou simbiótico, na composição mineral, histomorfometria e nas propriedades biomecânicas ósseas de ratos em fase de crescimento expostos cronicamente a fumaça do cigarro (T). Sessenta e quatro ratos machos jovens foram randomicamente distribuídos em oito grupos (n=8): controle (C) [dieta basal (DB)]; probiótico (Pro) [DB + probiótico (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterecoccusfaecium, Bifidobacterium thermophilumandBifidobacterium longum (2-5 109 UFC cada)]; prebiótico (Pre) [DB + prebiótico (mananoligossacarídeo)]; simbiótico (Sym) (DB + probiótico + prebiótico); controle fumante (CS) [(DB + protocolo de exposição ao tabagismo passivo(PT)]; probiótico fumante (ProS) (DB + probiótico + PT); prebiótico fumante (PreS) (DB + prebiótico + PT); e simbiótico fumante (SymS) (DB + prebiótico + probiótico + PT). Os animais foram mortos após 189 dias de período experimental.Os resultados revelaram que a suplementação com probióticos, prebióticos e simbióticos melhoraram significativamente (P<0,05) os parâmetros: P, Ca, Mg, DMO, CMO, resistência, resiliência e tamanho da área das diáfises dos fêmures dos animais expostos, cronicamente ou não, a fumaça do cigarro. Os resultados permitem concluir que a suplementação dos alimentos funcionais melhorou a saúde óssea de ratos expostos cronicamente ou não a fumaça do cigarro.

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Chromium is a common mineral in the earth's crust and can be released into the environment from anthropogenic sources. Intake of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) through drinking water and food causes toxic effects, leading to serious diseases, and is a commonly reported environmental problem. Microorganisms can mitigate or prevent the toxic effects caused by heavy metals in addition to having effective resistance mechanisms to prevent cell damage and bind to these metals, sequestering them from the cell surface and removing them from the body. Species of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Bacillus and Bifidobacterium present in the human mouth and gut and in fermented foods have the ability to bind and detoxify some of these substances. This review address the primary topics related to Cr(VI) poisoning in animals and humans and the use of probiotics as a way to mitigate or prevent the toxic effects caused by Cr(VI). Further advances in the genetic knowledge of such microorganisms may lead to discoveries which will clarify the most active microorganisms that act as bioprotectants in bodies exposed to Cr(VI) and are an affordable option for people and animals intoxicated by the oral route. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

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This study evaluated the effects of supplementation with a combination of probiotic microorganisms, added at different concentrations to the mineral mixture, on the production of serum antibodies against rabies virus in cattle vaccinated with a single dose of rabies vaccine. Forty-two male Nellore cattle, aged 12 months, were randomly divided into three groups (n = 14): the control group (CG) received 70 grams of mineral mixture/animal/day; and the 2 gram probiotic group (G2P) and 8 gram probiotic group (G8P) received 70 grams of mineral mix/animal/day with 2 and 8 grams added, respectively, of a combination of probiotic microorganisms (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium thermophilum and Bifidobacterium longum). Individual antibody titers were determined using a neutralization in cell-based rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) technique. One-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) was used with contrasts using the Tukey method to determine whether the experimental groups differed within each time point, and the paired t-test was used to determine whether differences occurred between time points within each group. The level of significance was set at 5%. There were statistically significant differences between the mean serum concentrations of the CG and G8P groups at 30 and 60 days after the first vaccination, and at 60 days, 100% of the animals maintained minimum titers of protective antibodies only in the G8P group. There was also improvement in the production of antibodies in the G2P group compared with the CG after 30 and 60 days, but this difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, increasing doses of probiotic added to the mineral mix beneficially affected the rabies humoral immune response, as determined by serum antibodies, and enabled the maintenance of minimum protective titers for a longer period in previously vaccinated cattle.(AU)

Esse estudo avaliou o efeito da suplementação de uma associação de microrganismos probióticos, adicionados à mistura mineral em diferentes doses, na produção de anticorpos séricos antirrábicos em bovinos primovacinados. Os Quarenta e dois bovinos Nelore machos, com idade de 12 meses, foram divididos em três grupos (n=14): grupo controle (GC) recebeu 70 gramas de mistura mineral/animal/dia; grupos probiótico 2 gramas (G2P) e 8 gramas (G8P) receberam 70 gramas de mistura mineral/animal/dia adicionados respectivamente de 2 e 8 gramas de probióticos (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium thermophilum e Bifidobacterium longum). títulos individuais de anticorpos antirrábicos foram determinados por meio da técnica de soroneutralização em células baseado no rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT). Os resultados obtidos foram comparados pelo teste t não pareado, com 5% de nível de significância. Houve diferenças estatísticas significativas entre as médias de concentrações séricas entre os grupos GC e G8P, após 30 e 60 dias da primovacinação e após 60 dias, somente o G8P manteve 100% com títulos de anticorpos protetores mínimos. Houve também melhora na produção de anticorpos no grupo G2P em relação ao GC, após 30 e 60 dias, porém não significativa. Conclui-se que as doses crescentes de probiótico adicionadas na mineral interferiram beneficamente na resposta imune humoral antirrábica, determinada pela concentração sérica de anticorpos, assim como permitiu a manutenção por um período maior os títulos protetores mínimos nos bovinos primovacinados.(AU)

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This study evaluated the effects of supplementation with a combination of probiotic microorganisms, added at different concentrations to the mineral mixture, on the production of serum antibodies against rabies virus in cattle vaccinated with a single dose of rabies vaccine. Forty-two male Nellore cattle, aged 12 months, were randomly divided into three groups (n = 14): the control group (CG) received 70 grams of mineral mixture/animal/day; and the 2 gram probiotic group (G2P) and 8 gram probiotic group (G8P) received 70 grams of mineral mix/animal/day with 2 and 8 grams added, respectively, of a combination of probiotic microorganisms (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium thermophilum and Bifidobacterium longum). Individual antibody titers were determined using a neutralization in cell-based rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) technique. One-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) was used with contrasts using the Tukey method to determine whether the experimental groups differed within each time point, and the paired t-test was used to determine whether differences occurred between time points within each group. The level of significance was set at 5%. There were statistically significant differences between the mean serum concentrations of the CG and G8P groups at 30 and 60 days after the first vaccination, and at 60 days, 100% of the animals maintained minimum titers of protective antibodies only in the G8P group. There was also improvement in the production of antibodies in the G2P group compared with the CG after 30 and 60 days, but this difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, increasing doses of probiotic added to the mineral mix beneficially affected the rabies humoral immune response, as determined by serum antibodies, and enabled the maintenance of minimum protective titers for a longer period in previously vaccinated cattle.

Esse estudo avaliou o efeito da suplementação de uma associação de microrganismos probióticos, adicionados à mistura mineral em diferentes doses, na produção de anticorpos séricos antirrábicos em bovinos primovacinados. Os Quarenta e dois bovinos Nelore machos, com idade de 12 meses, foram divididos em três grupos (n=14): grupo controle (GC) recebeu 70 gramas de mistura mineral/animal/dia; grupos probiótico 2 gramas (G2P) e 8 gramas (G8P) receberam 70 gramas de mistura mineral/animal/dia adicionados respectivamente de 2 e 8 gramas de probióticos (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium thermophilum e Bifidobacterium longum). títulos individuais de anticorpos antirrábicos foram determinados por meio da técnica de soroneutralização em células baseado no rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT). Os resultados obtidos foram comparados pelo teste t não pareado, com 5% de nível de significância. Houve diferenças estatísticas significativas entre as médias de concentrações séricas entre os grupos GC e G8P, após 30 e 60 dias da primovacinação e após 60 dias, somente o G8P manteve 100% com títulos de anticorpos protetores mínimos. Houve também melhora na produção de anticorpos no grupo G2P em relação ao GC, após 30 e 60 dias, porém não significativa. Conclui-se que as doses crescentes de probiótico adicionadas na mineral interferiram beneficamente na resposta imune humoral antirrábica, determinada pela concentração sérica de anticorpos, assim como permitiu a manutenção por um período maior os títulos protetores mínimos nos bovinos primovacinados.

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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de avaliar as alterações dependentes da dose de dicromato de potássio (0, 12, 24 e 36 mg.kg-1 ) no tecido hepático, após suplementação com probiótico em dosagens 0 ou 0,2%, em 80 ratos machos. A ingestão oral por 90 dias de doses crescentes de dicromato de potássio produziu sinais clínicos de toxicidade frente à análise histopatológica (p< 0,05) e atividades séricas enzimáticas (p< 0,05), dos marcadores de função hepática. A inclusão do probiótico na dieta mitigou os efeitos nos parâmetros estudados.(AU)

This work aims to evaluate the alterations, depending on the dose of potassium dichromate (0, 12, 24 and 36 mg.kg-¹), in liver tissue after supplementation with probiotic at dosages 0 or 0.2% in 80 male rats. Oral ingestion done for 90 days of increasing amounts of potassium dichromate produced clinical signs of toxicity compared to histopathological analysis (p˂0.05), and seric enzymatic activities (p˂0.05), markers of hepatic function. The inclusion of probiotics to the diet mitigated the effects on the studied parameters.(AU)

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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de avaliar as alterações dependentes da dose de dicromato de potássio (0, 12, 24 e 36 mg.kg-1 ) no tecido hepático, após suplementação com probiótico em dosagens 0 ou 0,2%, em 80 ratos machos. A ingestão oral por 90 dias de doses crescentes de dicromato de potássio produziu sinais clínicos de toxicidade frente à análise histopatológica (p< 0,05) e atividades séricas enzimáticas (p< 0,05), dos marcadores de função hepática. A inclusão do probiótico na dieta mitigou os efeitos nos parâmetros estudados.

This work aims to evaluate the alterations, depending on the dose of potassium dichromate (0, 12, 24 and 36 mg.kg-¹), in liver tissue after supplementation with probiotic at dosages 0 or 0.2% in 80 male rats. Oral ingestion done for 90 days of increasing amounts of potassium dichromate produced clinical signs of toxicity compared to histopathological analysis (p˂0.05), and seric enzymatic activities (p˂0.05), markers of hepatic function. The inclusion of probiotics to the diet mitigated the effects on the studied parameters.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O presente trabalho objetivou determinar a atividade sérica dos microminerais ferro, cobre, zinco e manganês em 30 equinos atletas da raça Puro-sangue Lusitano (PSL), antes e depois de exercícios, atestados por avaliações clínicas e laboratoriais. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas, antes e imediatamente após 20 minutos de exercício físico de trote e galope suaves realizados em pista de areia, para a realização das dosagens dos microminerais. A concentração dos microelementos foi determinada por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. Observou-se que após o exercício, a atividade sérica de ferro não sofreu variações (P=0,2365), enquanto os valores de cobre se elevaram significativamente após o treinamento (P<0,001). Já o zinco e o manganês diminuíram após o exercício (P<0,001). Pode-se concluir que o exercício físico de curta duração pode gerar sudorese capaz de alterar as concentrações séricas de ferro, cobre, zinco e manganês em cavalos atletas da raça Puro-sangue Lusitano.(AU)

In order to evaluate the sera concentrations of iron, copper, zinc and manganese trace minerals in thirty Pure-bred Lusitano athlete horses before and after exercise certified by clinical and laboratory assessments were studied. Blood samples were taken before and after 20 minutes of a dairy trot and gallop slight training, perfomed in a sandy floor ring, to measure the mineral concentrations, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. It was observed that after exercising, the serum activity of iron did not change (P=0.2365), whereas copper values have significantly risen after training (P<0.001). On the other hand, zinc and manganese trace minerals decreased after exercise (P<0.001). In conclusion, it is possible to consider that the short time exercise may trigger sweating and consequently to change the serum concentration of iron, cooper, zinc and manganese in Pure-bred Lusitano athlete horses.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Este estudo avaliou o efeito do probiótico, Proenzime®, adicionado ao sal mineral, no peso de bovinos mantidos em regime de pasto. Utilizou-se 30 bovinos, machos inteiros da raça Nelore (Bos indicus) com aproximadamente 10 meses de idade em pastagem de Panicum maximum e suplementados com sal mineral (GC: n = 15 animais) e sal mineral adicionado de probiótico (GT = 4 g de probiótico/dia; n= 15 animais). Os animais do grupo GT tiveram aumento linear e significativo (P

RESUMO

Este estudo avaliou o efeito do probiótico, Proenzime®, adicionado ao sal mineral, no peso de bovinos mantidos em regime de pasto. Utilizou-se 30 bovinos, machos inteiros da raça Nelore (Bos indicus) com aproximadamente 10 meses de idade em pastagem de Panicum maximum e suplementados com sal mineral (GC: n = 15 animais) e sal mineral adicionado de probiótico (GT = 4 g de probiótico/dia; n= 15 animais). Os animais do grupo GT tiveram aumento linear e significativo (P

RESUMO

We investigated the effect of swimming training in rats on morphological characteristics, hypertrophy levels and metabolic and contractile adaptations of different fiber types in rat the rectus abdominis muscle. Rats were randoverly assigned to one of three groups (N = 5 each): a) swimming training for 1 h, twice a week (2x/w), b) 1 h five times a week (5x/w) for 9 consecutive weeks, or c) without any swimming training (Control). Body weight increased in 2x/w rats and decreased in the 5x/w ones. Muscle fiber diameters increased in both trained groups, with higher values in the 2x/w group. Aerobic exercise increased slow oxidative (SO) + fast-oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) fibers and decreased fast glycolytic (FG) fibers. In addition, SO fibers were increased and FOG + FG fibers were decreased in trained rats. Small and angulated atrophic fibers were also observed. These results corroborate that swimming exercise increases aerobic metabolism and thus oxidative and low contraction fibers. However, the used protocol induced, to a variable degree, changes in the muscle fiber morphology.

Se estudió el efecto de la natación en las características morfológicas, niveles de hipertrofia y las adaptaciones metabólicas y contráctiles de diferentes tipos de fibras en el músculo recto del abdomen de ratas. Las ratas fueron asignadas en tres grupos (N = 5 cada uno): a) natación por 1 hora dos veces a la semana (2x/s), b) 1 hora, cinco veces por semana (5x/s) por nueve semanas consecutivas y c) sin natación (control). El peso corporal se incrementó en las ratas 2x/s y disminuyó en 5x/s. El diámetro de las fibras musculares aumentó en ambos grupos entrenados, con mayores valores en las ratas 2x/s. El ejercicio aeróbico incrementó las fibras de oxidación lenta (OL) + las fibras de glicólisis oxidativa rápida (GOR) y disminuyeron las fibras de glicólisis rápida (GR). Además, las fibras OL aumentaron y las fibras GOR y GR disminuyeron en las ratas entrenadas. Se observó una pequeña atrofia y deshidratación de las fibras. Estos resultados corroboran que la práctica de la natación incrementa el metabolismo aeróbico, las fibras de contracción lenta y la oxidación. Sin embargo, el protocolo utilizado induce cambios en grado variable en la morfología de las fibras musculares.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo deste estudo foi ajustar o método espectrofotométrico da 1,5-difenilcarbazida à determinação do crômio em fezes, como marcador biológico, adequando-o à rotina laboratorial. Fatores que poderiam exercer interferência na transformação do crômio (III) à crômio (VI) foram testados, como a recuperação do metal, quantidade de amostra, quantidade e ordem de emprego dos ácidos oxidantes da digestão úmida, temperatura e tempo de digestão e perda por volatilização do crômio como cloreto de cromila, porém não se determinou estatisticamente interferência destes fatores. No método ajustado, a amostra é digerida pela clássica mistura ácida nítrica/perclórica, levando a oxidação do crômio (III) a crômio (VI), e alíquota do extrato diluído é usado para reação com 1,5-difenilcarbazida; as absorbâncias são medidas a 550nm, utilizando-se de cubetas de um centímetro de caminho óptico, contra prova em branco conduzida simultaneamente. Dicromato de potássio foi empregado como substância de referência para obtenção da curva padrão na faixa de 0,25 - 2,5mg.mL-1 de Cr2O3 (1mg Cr2O3 º 1,9355mg K2Cr2O7).

RESUMO

This work aims at adjusting the spectrophotometric method of 1,5-diphenylcarbazide for the determination of chromium in feces, as a biological marker. Factors that could interfere with the transformation of chromium (III) into chromium (VI) were tested, as the metal recovery, the sample amount, the amount and the order of use of the oxidant acids of the wet digestion, digestion temperature and digestion time, loss of chromium by volatilization as chromyl chlorid. However the interference of these factors were not statistically determined. In the adjusted method, the sample is classically digested by nitric/perchloric acid mixture leading to the oxidation of chromium (III) to chromium (VI), and an aliquot of the diluted extract is used for reaction with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide; absorbance was measured at 550nm, using 1cm path length optical cuvettes. Potassium dichromate was used as a standard substance to obtain the standard curve ranging from 0.25mg.mL-1 to 2.5mg.mL-1 of Cr2O3 (1mg Cr2O3 º 1.9355mg K2Cr2O7).

O objetivo deste estudo foi ajustar o método espectrofotométrico da 1,5-difenilcarbazida à determinação do crômio em fezes, como marcador biológico, adequando-o à rotina laboratorial. Fatores que poderiam exercer interferência na transformação do crômio (III) à crômio (VI) foram testados, como a recuperação do metal, quantidade de amostra, quantidade e ordem de emprego dos ácidos oxidantes da digestão úmida, temperatura e tempo de digestão e perda por volatilização do crômio como cloreto de cromila, porém não se determinou estatisticamente interferência destes fatores. No método ajustado, a amostra é digerida pela clássica mistura ácida nítrica/perclórica, levando a oxidação do crômio (III) a crômio (VI), e alíquota do extrato diluído é usado para reação com 1,5-difenilcarbazida; as absorbâncias são medidas a 550nm, utilizando-se de cubetas de um centímetro de caminho óptico, contra prova em branco conduzida simultaneamente. Dicromato de potássio foi empregado como substância de referência para obtenção da curva padrão na faixa de 0,25 - 2,5mg.mL-1 de Cr2O3 (1mg Cr2O3 º 1,9355mg K2Cr2O7).