RESUMO
A survey conducted from May 2010 to October 2013 in five from ten departments of Haiti among 5,342 persons aged from 1 to 107 years showed a gametocytic rate = 3.2%. However, it varies greatly from one Department to another, ranging from 0.5% in Grande Anse Department to 5.9% in Southeast Department. Malaria is present in Haiti in heterogeneous coastal foci. Gametocytes occur at all ages, but two times most often in male under 20 years. Entomological studies in Haiti are needed to better characterize the relationships between man and the vector Anopheles albimanus, adapting the fight more effectively.
Assuntos
Infecções Assintomáticas/epidemiologia , Malária Falciparum/epidemiologia , Malária Falciparum/parasitologia , Plasmodium falciparum/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Haiti/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Malaria is considered to be a major problem of public health in Haiti. However the impact of Plasmodium falciparum on health is poorly known in this country. The objective of this study is to verify the incidence of malaria as the cause of hospital consultation and to evaluate the rate of P. falciparum gametocytes carriage among the population living in a municipality within the Department of Grand'Anse where the prevalence of malaria is considered one of the strongest in Haiti. Analysis of hospital statistics of Corail (Grand'Anse) showed that only 17.4% of consultations of patients presenting with fever are due to microscopically confirmed malaria. The fraction of the population most affected is that of adults aged 15-39 years (55% of cases). Children under five represent only 11% of the cases. A community survey showed the rarity of the carriage of gametocytes in asymptomatic persons (0.9%). In Haiti, the epidemiological characteristics of malaria must have specified and documented field studies in order to adapt a strategy for fighting against this parasitic disease with greater efficiency.
Assuntos
Malária Falciparum/epidemiologia , Parasitemia/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Antimaláricos/uso terapêutico , Doenças Assintomáticas , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cloroquina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Células Germinativas , Haiti/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Malária Falciparum/sangue , Malária Falciparum/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Parasitemia/tratamento farmacológico , Plasmodium falciparum/citologia , Plasmodium falciparum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plasmodium falciparum/isolamento & purificação , Primaquina/uso terapêutico , Áreas Alagadas , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The hemolytic activity of an isolate of Monocercomonas spp. from Tropidophis melanurus (snake: Boidae) was investigated. The isolate was tested against human erythrocytes of groups A, B, AB and O and against erythrocytes of six adult animals of different species (rabbit, rat, chicken, horse, bovine, and sheep). Results show that Monocercomonas spp. exerted an hemolytic activity against all erythrocytes tested.
Assuntos
Boidae/parasitologia , Eritrócitos/parasitologia , Hemólise , Trichomonadida/metabolismo , Animais , Bovinos , Galinhas , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Cavalos , Humanos , Coelhos , Ratos , Ovinos , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
The hemolytic activity of live isolates and clones of Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus was investigated. The isolates were tested against human erythrocytes. No hemolytic activity was detected by the isolates of T. foetus. Whereas the isolates of T. vaginalis lysed erythrocytes from all human blood groups. No hemolysin released by the parasites could be detected. Our preliminary results suggest that hemolysis depend on the susceptibility of red cell membranes to destabilization and the intervention of cell surface receptors as a mechanism of the hemolytic activity. The mechanism could be subject to strain-species-genera specific variation of trichomonads. The hemolytic activity of T. vaginalis is not due to a hemolysin or to a product of its metabolism. Pretreatment of trichomonads with concanavalin A reduced levels of hemolysis by 40%.
Assuntos
Trichomonas vaginalis/fisiologia , Tritrichomonas foetus/fisiologia , Animais , Concanavalina A/farmacologia , Eritrócitos/imunologia , Hemólise , Humanos , Trichomonas vaginalis/isolamento & purificação , Tritrichomonas foetus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Hemolytic activity of 7 isolates and 2 clones of Trichomonas vaginalis and 1 isolate and 2 clones of Tritrichomonas suis was determined using incubation with erythrocytes. T. vaginalis hemolyzed all human blood groups, and no correlation between pathogenicity and hemolytic activity was observed and no hemolysin released by the parasite could be detected. No hemolytic activity was observed with strains and clones of T. suis against erythrocytes from all blood groups and with swine erythrocytes.
Assuntos
Hemólise , Trichomonas vaginalis/patogenicidade , Tritrichomonas/patogenicidade , Animais , Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos , Células Clonais , Concanavalina A/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Infecções por Protozoários/parasitologia , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais , Especificidade da Espécie , Suínos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Suínos/parasitologia , Vaginite por Trichomonas/parasitologia , Trichomonas vaginalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Tritrichomonas/efeitos dos fármacos , VirulênciaRESUMO
Human babesiosis in Europe came to medical attention in 1957 and until now 19 cases have been reported, most of them due to Babesia divergens. The onset of the disease is characterized by hemoglobinuria, high fever and renal failure ensue rapidly. The patients were generally asplenic and resident in a rural area. Intraerythrocytic pleomorphic parasites (1-3 microns) observed in stained thin blood smears are essential for Genus diagnosis. Parasitemia varied from 5 to 80% of red blood cells. Massive blood exchange transfusion (2-3 blood volumes) followed by intravenous clindamycin (3-4 times daily) and oral quinine (600 mg base, 3 times daily) were successfully used in the treatment of three recent cases. Splenectomised individuals should be aware for prevention.
Assuntos
Babesiose/epidemiologia , Injúria Renal Aguda/etiologia , Injúria Renal Aguda/prevenção & controle , Babesiose/parasitologia , Babesiose/terapia , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Emergências , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Humanos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/parasitologia , EsplenectomiaRESUMO
Based on the results of in vitro sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine, quinine and mefloquine, and evaluation of drug consumption conducted in 1987-1988 in four areas in the north and south-west of Cameroon, two opposite situations were encountered in this country. In northern Cameroon where mefloquine resistance is prevalent a close correlation was found between the responses of P. falciparum to mefloquine and to quinine, but not between mefloquine and chloroquine. In the south, where chloroquine resistance is highly prevalent, no correlation was found neither between mefloquine and chloroquine nor mefloquine and quinine, but the responses to quinine and chloroquine appear partly correlated. These results lead to formulate the hypothesis of a "southern" type of P. falciparum submitted to a high chloroquine drug pressure inducing a secondary cross resistance, whilst a "northern" type submitted to a relatively high and abortive quinine drug pressure inducing a primary quinine resistance and a secondary cross resistance with mefloquine.
Assuntos
Malária Falciparum/tratamento farmacológico , Mefloquina/farmacologia , Plasmodium falciparum/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinina/farmacologia , Animais , Camarões/epidemiologia , Portador Sadio/tratamento farmacológico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Resistência a Medicamentos , Uso de Medicamentos , Humanos , Lactente , Malária Falciparum/epidemiologia , Mefloquina/uso terapêutico , Quinina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
A vaccine strategy against Babesia divergens bovine babesiosis was successfully developed after perfecting of an efficient in vitro culture. Crude supernatants and purified fractions were able to induce a vaccine protection in gerbils against B. divergens infection. More, supernatants induced an effective vaccine protection in cattle. The role of B. divergens exoantigens of 17, 37, 46, 70 and 90 kDa in the development of the immune response was clearly demonstrated in gerbils, cattle, and man.
Assuntos
Babesia/imunologia , Babesiose/prevenção & controle , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Protozoárias , Animais , Antígenos de Protozoários/imunologia , Babesiose/imunologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/imunologia , Gerbillinae , Parasitologia/métodos , VacinaçãoRESUMO
Human babesiosis in Europe came to medical attention in 1957 and until now 19 cases have been reported, most of them due to Babesia divergens. The onset of the disease is characterized by hemoglobinuria, high fever and renal failure ensue rapidly. The patients were generally asplenic and resident in a rural area. Intraerythrocytic pleomorphic parasites (1-3 *m) observed in stained thin blood smears are essential for Genus diagnosis. Parasitemia varyed from 5 to 80% of red blood cells. Massive blood exchange transfusion (2-3 blood volumes) followed by intravenous clindamycine (3-4 times daily) and oral quinine (600 mg base, 3 times daily) were successfully used in the treatment of three recent cases. Splenectomised individuals should be aware for prevention
Assuntos
Humanos , Babesiose/epidemiologia , Babesiose/terapiaRESUMO
Based on the results of in vitro sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine, quinine and mefloquine, and evaluation of drug consumption conducted in 1987-1988 in four areas in the noth and south-west of Cameron, two opposite situations were encountered in this country. In northern Cameron where mefloquine resistance is prevalent a close correlation was found between the responses of P. falciparum to mefloquine and to quinine, but not between mefloquine and chloroquine. In the south, where chloroquine resistance is highly prevalent, no correlation was found neither between mefloquine and chloroquine nor mefloquine and quinine, but the responses to quinine and chloroquine appear partly correlated. These lead to formulate the hypothesis of a "southern" type of P. falciparum submitted to a high chloroquine drug pressure inducing a secondary cross resistance, whilst a "northern"type submitted to a relatively high and abortive quinine drug pressure inducing a primary quinine resistance and a secondary cross resistance with mefloquine
Assuntos
Técnicas In Vitro , Malária/tratamento farmacológico , Plasmodium falciparum , Resistência a MedicamentosRESUMO
A vaccine strategy against Babesia divergens bovine babesiosis was sucessfully developed after perfecting of an efficient in vitro culture. Crude supernatants and purified fractions were able to induce a vaccine protection in gerbils against B. divergens infection. More, supernatants induced an effective vaccine protection in cattle. The role of B. divergens exoantigens of 17, 37, 46, 70 and 90 kDa in the development of the immune response was cleary demonstrated in gerbils, cattle, and man.