RESUMO
O presente artigo se destina a retratar a resposta do Estado às demandas de indenização dos danos morais causados por abandono afetivo, considerado como a ausência de interesse e de convivência afetiva do pai na relação com o filho. O abandono afetivo violaria os princípios da dignidade, da afetividade e da responsabilidade parental acolhidos na Constituição Federal, no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente e no Código Civil Brasileiro. O discurso salvacionista do Direito, no afã de proteger a dignidade humana, acaba por tutelar o afeto, encarcerar o desejo e exacerbar o mal-estar, tal como na era vitoriana, na qual a Psicanálise adveio. Se a mediação simbólica é indispensável ao laço social, a psicanálise, como crítica da cultura e em diálogo com o Direito, pode alertar os juristas sobre os riscos de seus excessos. A partir do legado de Sigmund Freud e Jacques Lacan pretende-se ampliar a discussão do tema com vistas a oferecer diferentes possibilidades de se pensar o sujeito de Direito na contemporaneidade.
This article aims to portray the response of the State to the demands for compensation for moral damages caused by emotional abandonment, regarded as the lack of interest and interaction in a father's relationship with his son. The emotional abandonment would violate the principles of dignity, affection, and parental responsibility recognized in the Federal Constitution, the Child and Adolescent Statute, and the Brazilian Civil Code. The law's salvationist discourse, in the attempt to protect human dignity, ends up safeguarding affection, imprisoning desire and exacerbating disaffection, as it was in the Victorian era, from which psychoanalysis arose. If the symbolic mediation is indispensible to social bonds, psychoanalysis, as a critique to culture and in dialog with the law, can alert jurists about the risks of their excesses. From the legacy of Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan, we intend to unfold this discussion and offer different possibilities of reflecting on the right-holder in contemporary life.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Afeto , Criança Abandonada/psicologia , Defesa da Criança e do Adolescente/psicologia , Poder Familiar/psicologia , PsicanáliseRESUMO
O presente artigo se destina a retratar a resposta do Estado às demandas de indenização dos danos morais causados por abandono afetivo, considerado como a ausência de interesse e de convivência afetiva do pai na relação com o filho. O abandono afetivo violaria os princípios da dignidade, da afetividade e da responsabilidade parental acolhidos na Constituição Federal, no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente e no Código Civil Brasileiro. O discurso salvacionista do Direito, no afã de proteger a dignidade humana, acaba por tutelar o afeto, encarcerar o desejo e exacerbar o mal-estar, tal como na era vitoriana, na qual a Psicanálise adveio. Se a mediação simbólica é indispensável ao laço social, a psicanálise, como crítica da cultura e em diálogo com o Direito, pode alertar os juristas sobre os riscos de seus excessos. A partir do legado de Sigmund Freud e Jacques Lacan pretende-se ampliar a discussão do tema com vistas a oferecer diferentes possibilidades de se pensar o sujeito de Direito na contemporaneidade.(AU)
This article aims to portray the response of the State to the demands for compensation for moral damages caused by emotional abandonment, regarded as the lack of interest and interaction in a father's relationship with his son. The emotional abandonment would violate the principles of dignity, affection, and parental responsibility recognized in the Federal Constitution, the Child and Adolescent Statute, and the Brazilian Civil Code. The law's salvationist discourse, in the attempt to protect human dignity, ends up safeguarding affection, imprisoning desire and exacerbating disaffection, as it was in the Victorian era, from which psychoanalysis arose. If the symbolic mediation is indispensible to social bonds, psychoanalysis, as a critique to culture and in dialog with the law, can alert jurists about the risks of their excesses. From the legacy of Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan, we intend to unfold this discussion and offer different possibilities of reflecting on the right-holder in contemporary life.(AU)
Assuntos
Criança Abandonada/psicologia , Afeto , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Psicanálise , Defesa da Criança e do Adolescente/psicologiaRESUMO
Introducción La insuficiencia cardíaca con función sistólica preservada es un síndrome clínico con los mismos signos y síntomas de la insuficiencia cardíaca clásica. La enfermedad de Chagas es una causa importante de insuficiencia cardíaca en América Latina, que se asocia con miocardiopatía dilatada y deterioro progresivo de la función sistólica. No existen estudios previos que hayan evaluado pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca y función sistólica preservada de una zona endémica en la cual la enfermedad de Chagas es la causa principal de insuficiencia cardíaca. Objetivo Comparar las características clínicas y la evolución de la insuficiencia cardíaca en pacientes con disfunción sistólica y con función sistólica preservada en una población con alta prevalencia de enfermedad de Chagas. Material y métodos Se realizó una evaluación prospectiva de los pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de insuficiencia cardíaca que ingresaron a un centro de referencia en Salvador, Bahía (Brasil). Se consideró función sistólica preservada a una fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo mayor del 45% por ecocardiograma. Se realizó seguimiento al año a través de contacto telefónico o entrevista personal en el consultorio de insuficiencia cardíaca. Resultados Se incluyeron 383 pacientes durante un período de 16 meses; el 52,5% eran hombres y la edad media fue de 54,2 años. La función sistólica estuvo preservada en 138 pacientes (36%). La enfermedad de Chagas fue la principal etiología de ambos tipos de insuficiencia cardíaca (45,3% con disfunción sistólica y 44,2% con función sistólica preservada). El 93,5% (358) de los pacientes completaron un año de seguimiento. Los pacientes con enfermedad de Chagas y función sistólica preservada tuvieron menor mortalidad que los pacientes con disfunción sistólica (10% vs. 23,6%; p = 0,039). En los pacientes sin enfermedad de Chagas y función sistólica preservada, la mortalidad fue similar a la de aquellos con disfunción sistólica (10,4% vs. 15,8%; p = 0,307). Conclusiones La función sistólica preservada fue muy frecuente en nuestra población. La enfermedad de Chagas es la principal etiología de insuficiencia cardíaca independientemente de la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo. Los pacientes con enfermedad de Chagas y función sistólica preservada tienen mejor pronóstico que aquellos con disfunción sistólica, probablemente porque se encuentran en la fase inicial del compromiso cardíaco.(AU)
Background Heart failure with preserved systolic function is a clinical syndrome with the same signs and symptoms of classic heart failure. Chagas disease is a major cause of heart failure in Latin America, associated with dilated cardiomyopathy and progressive deterioration of systolic function. There are no previous assessment studies of patients with heart failure and preserved systolic function in an endemic area in which Chagas disease is the leading cause of heart failure. Objective The aim of this study was to compare clinical characteristics and evolution of heart failure in patients with systolic dysfunction and with preserved systolic function in a population with high prevalence of Chagas disease. Methods A prospective assessment was performed in patients with clinical diagnosis of heart failure admitted to a referral center in Salvador, Bahia (Brazil). Left ventricular ejection fraction > 45% by echocardiogram was considered as preserved systolic function. A one year follow-up was conducted through telephone or personal interview at the heart failure clinic. Results Three hundred and eighty three patients, 52.5% of whom were male, with an average age of 54.2 years, were included in this study over a period of 16 months. Systolic function was preserved in 138 patients (36%). Chagas disease was the main etiology of both types of heart failure (45.3% with systolic dysfunction and 44.2% with preserved systolic function). One year follow-up was completed by 93.5% (358) of patients. Patients with Chagas disease and preserved systolic function had lower mortality than patients with systolic dysfunction (10% vs. 23.6%; p=0.039). In patients without Chagas disease and preserved systolic function, mortality was similar to that of those with systolic dysfunction (10.4% vs. 15.8%; p=0.307). Conclusions Preserved systolic function was very common in our population. Chagas disease is the leading cause of heart failure irrespective of left ventricular ejection fraction. Patients with Chagas disease and preserved systolic function have a better prognosis than those with systolic dysfunction, probably because they are in the initial phase of cardiac involvement.(AU)
RESUMO
Introducción La insuficiencia cardíaca con función sistólica preservada es un síndrome clínico con los mismos signos y síntomas de la insuficiencia cardíaca clásica. La enfermedad de Chagas es una causa importante de insuficiencia cardíaca en América Latina, que se asocia con miocardiopatía dilatada y deterioro progresivo de la función sistólica. No existen estudios previos que hayan evaluado pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca y función sistólica preservada de una zona endémica en la cual la enfermedad de Chagas es la causa principal de insuficiencia cardíaca. Objetivo Comparar las características clínicas y la evolución de la insuficiencia cardíaca en pacientes con disfunción sistólica y con función sistólica preservada en una población con alta prevalencia de enfermedad de Chagas. Material y métodos Se realizó una evaluación prospectiva de los pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de insuficiencia cardíaca que ingresaron a un centro de referencia en Salvador, Bahía (Brasil). Se consideró función sistólica preservada a una fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo mayor del 45% por ecocardiograma. Se realizó seguimiento al año a través de contacto telefónico o entrevista personal en el consultorio de insuficiencia cardíaca. Resultados Se incluyeron 383 pacientes durante un período de 16 meses; el 52,5% eran hombres y la edad media fue de 54,2 años. La función sistólica estuvo preservada en 138 pacientes (36%). La enfermedad de Chagas fue la principal etiología de ambos tipos de insuficiencia cardíaca (45,3% con disfunción sistólica y 44,2% con función sistólica preservada). El 93,5% (358) de los pacientes completaron un año de seguimiento. Los pacientes con enfermedad de Chagas y función sistólica preservada tuvieron menor mortalidad que los pacientes con disfunción sistólica (10% vs. 23,6%; p = 0,039). En los pacientes sin enfermedad de Chagas y función sistólica preservada, la mortalidad fue similar a la de aquellos con disfunción sistólica (10,4% vs. 15,8%; p = 0,307). Conclusiones La función sistólica preservada fue muy frecuente en nuestra población. La enfermedad de Chagas es la principal etiología de insuficiencia cardíaca independientemente de la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo. Los pacientes con enfermedad de Chagas y función sistólica preservada tienen mejor pronóstico que aquellos con disfunción sistólica, probablemente porque se encuentran en la fase inicial del compromiso cardíaco.
Background Heart failure with preserved systolic function is a clinical syndrome with the same signs and symptoms of classic heart failure. Chagas disease is a major cause of heart failure in Latin America, associated with dilated cardiomyopathy and progressive deterioration of systolic function. There are no previous assessment studies of patients with heart failure and preserved systolic function in an endemic area in which Chagas disease is the leading cause of heart failure. Objective The aim of this study was to compare clinical characteristics and evolution of heart failure in patients with systolic dysfunction and with preserved systolic function in a population with high prevalence of Chagas disease. Methods A prospective assessment was performed in patients with clinical diagnosis of heart failure admitted to a referral center in Salvador, Bahia (Brazil). Left ventricular ejection fraction > 45% by echocardiogram was considered as preserved systolic function. A one year follow-up was conducted through telephone or personal interview at the heart failure clinic. Results Three hundred and eighty three patients, 52.5% of whom were male, with an average age of 54.2 years, were included in this study over a period of 16 months. Systolic function was preserved in 138 patients (36%). Chagas disease was the main etiology of both types of heart failure (45.3% with systolic dysfunction and 44.2% with preserved systolic function). One year follow-up was completed by 93.5% (358) of patients. Patients with Chagas disease and preserved systolic function had lower mortality than patients with systolic dysfunction (10% vs. 23.6%; p=0.039). In patients without Chagas disease and preserved systolic function, mortality was similar to that of those with systolic dysfunction (10.4% vs. 15.8%; p=0.307). Conclusions Preserved systolic function was very common in our population. Chagas' disease is the leading cause of heart failure irrespective of left ventricular ejection fraction. Patients with Chagas disease and preserved systolic function have a better prognosis than those with systolic dysfunction, probably because they are in the initial phase of cardiac involvement.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between troponin I concentrations (TnI) in patients submitted to elective percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and adverse coronary events (ACE) during a six month follow-up period. METHODS: One hundred and eleven patients who had been submitted to an elective PCI were consecutively selected during a one year timeframe. The patients had stable angina (SA), unstable angina (UA) or silent ischemia (SI) and were asymptomatic for at least 72 hours before the procedure. TnI concentrations were measured between 8 and 24 hours after the PCI. Each patient was contacted by telephone six months later and interviewed regarding ACE which were defined as death, myocardial infarction, new revascularization and recurrent ischemia. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients showed elevated concentrations of TnI (21.6%) after the PCI regardless of clinical characteristics or procedure complications. Those who presented elevated TnI concentrations had higher event rates: 66.7 vs. 42.5% (RR=1.57; CI 95%=1.08-2.28). This risk seems to be higher in the subgroups of females and patients with a previous diagnosis of unstable angina. Multivariate analysis confirmed that gender was the only effect modifying co-variable associated with ACE risk, which is higher for females with elevated TnI concentrations (OR=7.22; CI 95%=1.4 -36.9) and unaltered for males (OR=1.26; CI 95%=0.35-4.55). CONCLUSION: Elevated TnI concentrations were a common occurrence after PCI and is a factor related to the development of ACE in the mid term. However, when adjusted for other variables, this effect is only maintained in female patients.
Assuntos
Angina Pectoris/terapia , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/efeitos adversos , Isquemia Miocárdica/etiologia , Fatores Sexuais , Troponina I/sangue , Idoso , Angina Pectoris/sangue , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/mortalidade , Biomarcadores/sangue , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Isquemia Miocárdica/sangue , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , PrognósticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Describe the clinical characteristics and identify potential risk factors for in-hospital lethality in patients with decompensated heart failure admitted to an intensive care unit. METHODS: Decompensated heart failure patients consecutively admitted to an intensive care unit between June 2001 and December 2003 were selected and followed during hospitalization until discharge or death. Clinical characteristics at admission were recorded and evaluated as independent risk predictors for in-hospital mortality by multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 299 patients (69+/-13 years of age and 54% men) were enrolled. Coronary artery disease was the main cause of heart failure in 49% of the cases. Diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension occurred in 37.5% and 78% of the patients, respectively. At admission, 22% of them had atrial fibrillation, 21.5% had renal dysfunction, and 48% anemia (16.5% with severe anemia). Severe systolic dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction <30%) affected 44% of the patients. In-hospital mortality was 17.4%. After the multivariate analysis had been performed, previous history of stroke, atrial fibrillation, renal failure, age > 70 years, and hyponatremia were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: Patients admitted to an intensive care unit due to decompensated heart failure have high in-hospital lethality. In this study, variables recorded at admission, such as previous stroke, atrial fibrillation, hyponatremia, renal failure, and age > 70 years were predictors of in-hospital lethality.
Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Complicações do Diabetes , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Admissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre níveis de troponina I (TnI) em pacientes submetidos, eletivamente, a intervenções coronárias percutâneas (ICP) com ocorrência de eventos cardíacos adversos (ECA) no seguimento de 6 meses. MÉTODOS: No período de um ano, foram selecionados consecutivamente 111 pacientes submetidos a ICP eletiva, com angina estável (AE), instável (AI) ou isquemia silenciosa (IS), assintomáticos por mais de 72 horas antes do procedimento. As dosagens de TnI foram realizadas entre 8 e 24 horas após a ICP. Cada paciente foi contatado por telefone, após seis meses, e questionado quanto à ocorrência de ECA, definidos como morte, infarto do miocárdio, nova revascularização e recorrência de isquemia. RESULTADOS: Ocorreu elevação de TnI em 24 (21,6 por cento) pacientes após a ICP, independente de características clínicas e complicações do procedimento. O surgimento de eventos foi mais freqüente em quem apresentou elevação de TnI: 66,7 vs. 42,5 por cento (RR=1,57; IC95 por cento=1,08-2,28). Este risco parece ser maior nos subgrupos de gênero feminino e naqueles com diagnóstico prévio de AI. Após análise multivariada, apenas gênero se confirmou como co-variável modificadora de efeito com risco de ECA maior em mulheres com elevação de TnI (OR=7,22. IC95 por cento=1,4 -36,9) e similar em homens (OR=1,26. IC95 por cento=0,35-4,55). CONCLUSÃO: Elevação de TnI foi freqüentemente encontrada após ICP e é um fator associado ao surgimento de ECA a médio prazo. Entretanto, quando ajustada para outras variáveis, este efeito só se manteve em pacientes do gênero feminino.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between troponin I concentrations (TnI) in patients submitted to elective percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and adverse coronary events (ACE) during a six month follow-up period. METHODS: One hundred and eleven patients who had been submitted to an elective PCI were consecutively selected during a one year timeframe. The patients had stable angina (SA), unstable angina (UA) or silent ischemia (SI) and were asymptomatic for at least 72 hours before the procedure. TnI concentrations were measured between 8 and 24 hours after the PCI. Each patient was contacted by telephone six months later and interviewed regarding ACE which were defined as death, myocardial infarction, new revascularization and recurrent ischemia. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients showed elevated concentrations of TnI (21.6 percent) after the PCI regardless of clinical characteristics or procedure complications. Those who presented elevated TnI concentrations had higher event rates: 66.7 vs. 42.5 percent (RR=1.57; CI 95 percent=1.08-2.28). This risk seems to be higher in the subgroups of females and patients with a previous diagnosis of unstable angina. Multivariate analysis confirmed that gender was the only effect modifying co-variable associated with ACE risk, which is higher for females with elevated TnI concentrations (OR=7.22; CI 95 percent=1.4 -36.9) and unaltered for males (OR=1.26; CI 95 percent=0.35-4.55). CONCLUSION: Elevated TnI concentrations were a common occurrence after PCI and is a factor related to the development of ACE in the mid term. However, when adjusted for other variables, this effect is only maintained in female patients.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Angina Pectoris/terapia , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/efeitos adversos , Isquemia Miocárdica/etiologia , Troponina I/sangue , Angina Pectoris/sangue , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/mortalidade , Biomarcadores/sangue , Seguimentos , Análise Multivariada , Isquemia Miocárdica/sangue , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Descrever as características clínicas e identificar potenciais fatores de risco para letalidade hospitalar em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca descompensada, admitidos em unidade de terapia intensiva. MÉTODOS: Pacientes consecutivamente admitidos por insuficiência cardíaca descompensada numa unidade de terapia intensiva, de junho/2001 a dezembro/2003, foram selecionados e seguidos durante a internação. Características clínicas na admissão foram coletadas e avaliadas por meio de modelos de regressão logística múltipla como preditores de risco para letalidade hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 299 pacientes, 54 por cento do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 69±13 anos. Doença arterial coronariana foi a causa principal da falência cardíaca em 49 por cento dos casos. Diabetes mellitus e hipertensão arterial sistêmica ocorreram em 37,5 por cento e 78 por cento dos pacientes, respectivamente. Na admissão, 22 por cento dos pacientes apresentavam fibrilação atrial; 21,5 por cento, disfunção renal e 48 por cento dos casos, anemia (16,5 por cento com anemia importante). Encontrou-se disfunção sistólica grave (fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo <30 por cento) em 44 por cento dos pacientes. A letalidade hospitalar foi 17,4 por cento. Após análise multivariada, história prévia de acidente vascular encefálico (AVE), fibrilação atrial, insuficiência renal, idade >70 anos e hiponatremia foram independentemente associados com letalidade hospitalar. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes internados por insuficiência cardíaca descompensada em unidade intensiva apresentam letalidade hospitalar elevada. Neste estudo, variáveis da admissão puderam predizer letalidade hospitalar, como AVE prévio, fibrilação atrial, hiponatremia, insuficiência renal e idade >70 anos.
Assuntos
Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Complicações do Diabetes , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Admissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Describe the clinical and therapeutic characteristics of patients with heart failure (HF) secondary to chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy and evaluate if these characteristics are different from those found in other etiologies. METHODS: A prospective analysis of the patients treated between August 2003 and June 2004 at a HF referral outpatient clinic was conducted. RESULTS: Three hundred and fifty six patients diagnosed with HF were included in the study. Chagasic cardiomyopathy was the most common etiology (48% of the cases). Other etiologies included hypertensive cardiomyopathy in 19% of the patients, idiopathic dilated in 11% and ischemic in 9%. Patients with HF secondary to chagasic cardiomyopathy were more frequently from non-white ethnic groups (88 vs. 75%; p = 0.002), had a family history of Chagas disease (57 vs. 21%; p = 0.001), had the disease for a longer length of time (71 vs. 56 months; p = 0.034), had lower levels of education (4.4 +/- 4.1 vs. 5.7 +/- 4.2 years of study; p = 0.004), had a lower heart rate (69 +/- 12 vs. 73 +/- 13; p = 0.03) and a lower systolic blood pressure (121 +/- 25 vs. 129 +/- 28 mmHg; p = 0.006). There was also a higher incidence of the use of amiodarone (22 vs. 13%; p = 0.036) and artificial pacemakers (15 vs. 1%; p = 0.001). There was a lower usage of beta-blockers (39 vs. 59%; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: In this sample of HF outpatients, in a state with a high prevalence of Chagas disease, chagasic cardiomyopathy was the most common etiology and they presented some unique clinical and therapeutic characteristics in comparison to other heart failure patients.
Assuntos
Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/complicações , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/epidemiologia , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/terapia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Classe Social , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Descrever as características clínicas e terapêuticas de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) secundária a miocardiopatia chagásica crônica, bem como avaliar se estas são diferentes nas demais etiologias. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados prospectivamente pacientes atendidos no período de agosto de 2003 a junho de 2004, em um ambulatório de referência para IC. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 356 pacientes com o diagnóstico de IC. Miocardiopatia chagásica foi a etiologia mais freqüente, (48 por cento dos casos). Outras etiologias foram miocardiopatia hipertensiva em 19 por cento, dilatada idiopática em 11 por cento, e isquêmica em 9 por cento. Pacientes com IC secundária a miocardiopatia chagásica tinham com maior freqüência etnia não-branca (88 x 75 por cento; p = 0,002), história familiar de doença de Chagas (57 x 21 por cento; p = 0,001), maior tempo de doença (71 x 56 meses; p = 0,034), menor escolaridade (4,4 ± 4,1 x 5,7 ± 4,2 anos de estudo; p = 0,004), menor freqüência cardíaca (69 ± 12 x 73 ± 13; p = 0,03) e pressão arterial sistólica (121 ± 25 x 129 ± 28 mmHg; p = 0,006). Utilizavam com maior freqüência amiodarona (22 x 13 por cento; p = 0,036) marcapassos artificiais (15 x 1 por cento; p = 0,001) e com menor freqüência drogas betabloqueadoras (39 x 59 por cento; p = 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Nessa amostra de pacientes ambulatoriais com IC, em um estado com alta prevalência de doença de Chagas, miocardiopatia chagásica foi a etiologia mais freqüente, apresentando algumas características clínicas e terapêuticas diferentes dos demais pacientes.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/complicações , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/epidemiologia , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/terapia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Classe Social , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Both increase and decrease of plasma triglycerides during acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are reported, however, a clinical relevance for these distinct metabolic responses is unclear. To test the association between distinct responses of lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk, 39 subjects admitted with non-ST elevation ACS within 48 h of presentation had plasma lipids measured on the first and sixth days of hospitalization, and continuous electrocardiogram was performed during the first 2 days to quantify recurrent ischemia and heart rate variability. No lipid-lowering therapy was offered to the patients. During the first 5 days, half of them experimented a decrease in triglycerides (n=19, median: -18 mg/dl) and the other half presented triglyceride increase (n=20, median: +44 mg/dl). A higher incidence of recurrent ischemia (35% versus 5%, P=0.02) and greater ischemic burden/patient (123 +/- 286 mm min versus 47 +/- 212 mm min, P=0.02) were observed in subjects with triglyceride reduction, when compared with those with triglyceride increase. Individuals with heart rate variability below the median presented a median decrease in triglycerides during the 5-day period, as opposed to the counterparts (P=0.05). In conclusion, triglyceride reduction during ACS is associated with a greater incidence of recurrent ischemia and may constitute a sign of higher sympathetic activity.
Assuntos
Angina Instável/sangue , Infarto do Miocárdio/sangue , Isquemia Miocárdica/diagnóstico , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Doença Aguda , Idoso , Método Duplo-Cego , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/fisiopatologia , Isquemia Miocárdica/sangue , Recidiva , SíndromeAssuntos
Angina Instável/tratamento farmacológico , Anticolesterolemiantes/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Heptanoicos/administração & dosagem , Lipídeos/sangue , Infarto do Miocárdio/tratamento farmacológico , Pirróis/administração & dosagem , Idoso , Angina Instável/sangue , Atorvastatina , Colesterol/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/sangue , Resultado do Tratamento , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To compare the short-term prognosis of patients with severe acute rheumatic carditis when treated with an intravenous pulse of methylprednisolone in comparison with conventional treatment using oral prednisone. METHODS: We designed a randomized clinical trial in the setting of a university general hospital in Brazil. We randomly allocated 18 patients with the diagnosis of severe acute rheumatic carditis and congestive heart failure to receive an intravenous pulse as opposed to oral prednisolone. Methylprednisolone was administered in a dose of 1 g intravenously for 3 consecutive days in the first and second weeks, for two days in the third, and one day in the fourth week. Prednisone was administered in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg/day over the period of 4 weeks. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 11.1 +/- 3.7 years, with a median of 12 years. Patients on oral treatment showed a more pronounced decrease in the heart rate, sedimentation rate, and in the titres of C-reactive protein than those receiving intravenous therapy. At the end of treatment, a mild decrease in the left ventricular end-systolic dimension was found in those having oral treatment, compared to an increase in the group having intravenous treatment (p = 0.036). The ejection fraction showed a median increase of 5% in those undergoing oral treatment, and a median decrease of 6% in the group with intravenous therapy (p = 0.009). There were 5 therapeutic failures in those receiving intravenous therapy (56%), including 1 death. Therapeutic failures were not observed in those treated orally (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Intravenous treatment of methylprednisolone, as a single anti-inflammatory agent, was inferior to conventional treatment with oral prednisone in the control of severe rheumatic carditis.
Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Metilprednisolona/administração & dosagem , Prednisona/administração & dosagem , Cardiopatia Reumática/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Aguda , Administração Oral , Adolescente , Criança , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Humanos , Infusões Intravenosas , Masculino , Miocardite/complicações , Miocardite/diagnóstico por imagem , Miocardite/tratamento farmacológico , Probabilidade , Pulsoterapia/métodos , Valores de Referência , Cardiopatia Reumática/complicações , Cardiopatia Reumática/diagnóstico por imagem , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of subcutaneous (SC) low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) compared to intravenous (IV) non fractioned heparin (NFH) in unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction and post-percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. METHODS: From September/92 to April/94, 314 patients were randomized in two groups. Group I-- 154 patients treated with SC LMWH, using in the 1st phase SC LMWH with a dosage of 160 UaXa IC/kg/day (group IA--92 patients), and in the 2nd, a dosage of 320 UaXa IC/kg/day (group IB--62 patients). Group II--160 patients treated with IV NFH 100UI/kg (bolus), followed by 1000UI/h with adjusted dosage by activated partial thromboplastin time. RESULTS: There was not a statistically significant difference among the three groups in relation to cardiac events, hemorrhagic complications and deaths. CONCLUSION: The clinical efficacy and safety of SC LMWH in patients with unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction and post-percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty were similar to IV NFH with the dosages used in this study.
Objetivo - Comparar a eficácia clínica e segurança da heparina de baixo peso molecular (HPBM) subcutânea (SC) à da heparina não fracionada (HNF) intravenosa (IV) na angina instável, infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) e pós-angioplastia percutânea transluminal coronária. Métodos - De setembro/92 a abril/94, foram randomizados 314 pacientes, em 2 grupos: grupo 1 com 154 pacientes, tratados com HBPM via SC, usando na 1ª fase a dose de 160 UaXa IC/kg/dia (grupo IA - 92 pacientes) e na 2ª, a dose de 320 UaXalC/kgldia (grupo IB - 62 pacientes); grupo II com 160 pacientes, tratados com HNF via IV, 100UI/kg (bolus), seguido de 1000UI/h, infusão contínua, ajustando-se a dose de acordo como tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativado (TTPa). Resultados - Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os três grupos em relação a eventos cardíacos, complicações hemorrágicas e óbitos. Conclusão - A eficácia clínica e segurança do uso da HBPM SC em pacientes com angina instável, IAM e pós-angioplastia percutânea transluminal coronária foi semelhante à HNF IV com as doses empregadas neste estudo