RESUMO
BACKGROUND: An unbalance in the renin-angiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) between the Ang II/AT1 and Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis appears to be involved in preeclampsia (PE), in which a reduction in Ang-(1-7) was observed. Here, we tested whether the reduction in the activity of the Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis could be a contributing factor for the development of PE, using Mas-deficient (Mas-/-) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cardiovascular parameters were evaluated by telemetry before, during pregnancy and 4 days postpartum in 20-week-old Mas-/- and wild-type (WT) female mice. Mas-/- mice presented reduced arterial blood pressure (BP) at baseline (91.3 ± 0.8 in Mas-/- vs. 94.0 ± 0.9 mmHg in WT, Diastolic, P<0.05). However, after the 13th day of gestation, BP in Mas-/- mice started to increase, time-dependently, and at day 19 of pregnancy, these animals presented a higher BP in comparison with WT group (90.5 ± 0.7 in Mas-/- vs. 80.3 ± 3.5 mmHg in WT, Diastolic D19, P<0.0001). Moreover, pregnant Mas-/- mice presented fetal growth restriction, increase in urinary protein excretion as compared with nonpregnant Mas-/-, oliguria, increase in cytokines, endothelial dysfunction and reduced ACE, AT1R, ACE2, ET-1A, and eNOS placental mRNA, similar to some of the clinical manifestations found in the development of PE. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that Mas-deletion produces a PE-like state in FVB/N mice.
Assuntos
Peptidil Dipeptidase A , Pré-Eclâmpsia , Gravidez , Feminino , Camundongos , Animais , Humanos , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Proto-Oncogene Mas , Pré-Eclâmpsia/genética , Pré-Eclâmpsia/metabolismo , Placenta/metabolismo , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Angiotensina II/metabolismo , Fenótipo , Angiotensina I/metabolismo , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/metabolismoRESUMO
Chronic stress exposure commonly increases adrenals weight and changes their morphology. This study aimed to compare four methods to delimitate the cortical and medullary layers of adrenals glands in Nelore bulls. Fresh adrenals did not present differentiation between layers. Then, frozen adrenals were distributed in plastics bags with fixative Bouin (G1), 96ºGL ethylic alcohol (G2), 10% formaldehyde (G3), or 2.5% glutaraldehyde (G4). After 12 hours of fixation, the G1 adrenal glands did not show the entire cortical layer marked by Bouin's solution. For G2 and G3 there was a poor contrast, while for G4 there was a reasonable contrast. After 24 hours of fixation, G1 had an excellent contrast between layers, while G2 and G4 had a reasonable contrast and G3 a very bad contrast. After 48 hours it was difficult to differentiate cortical and medullar layers for G1; for Group 2 we get a reasonable contrast; and for G3 the contrast was bad. For G4 the contrast was not as sharp due to the medulla became dark. It was concluded that fixation of adrenals must be done in Bouin's solution for 24 hours to obtain an effective evaluation of the adrenals' morphometry.
Assuntos
Ácido Acético/farmacologia , Glândulas Suprarrenais/anatomia & histologia , Glândulas Suprarrenais/efeitos dos fármacos , Etanol/farmacologia , Fixadores/farmacologia , Formaldeído/farmacologia , Glutaral/farmacologia , Picratos/farmacologia , Animais , BovinosRESUMO
A demanda por sistemas intensivos de produção é uma realidade mundial com tendência a crescimento nas próximas décadas. No entanto, esses sistemas apresentam limitações em atender as necessidades físicas, comportamentais e psicológicas dos animais, o que pode acarretar no empobrecimento do bem-estar dos mesmos. Apesar do bem-estar animal já ser amplamente definido, sua avaliação dentro da produção animal ainda é pouco aplicada. Dentre suas formas de avaliação, o modelo dos Cinco Domínios, proposto por Mellor e Reid (1994), atua como um método sistemático que inclui quatro domínios físicos ou funcionais (Nutrição, Ambiente, Saúde e Comportamento) e um domínio mental (Estado Mental ou Afetivo). Este artigo descreve sucintamente as características do modelo Cinco Domínios e exemplifica as possíveis interações entre os domínios do bem-estar animal em três situações reconhecidamente limitantes para bem-estar dos animais de produção: restrição de espaço no confinamento de bovinos, procedimentos dolorosos no manejo de leitões e alta densidade no carregamento e transporte de frangos de corte. Nesse contexto, apesar de não ser possível incluir todos os fatores intervenientes nessa dinâmica, os exemplos apresentados mostram uma visão integrada sobre os riscos de comprometimento do bem-estar dos animais em sistemas intensivos de produção.
A demand for intensive production systems is a global reality with a tendency to grow in the coming decades. However, these systems have limitations in terms of care as physical, behavioral and psychological needs of animals, which can lead to the impoverishment of their welfare. Although animal welfare has already been widely defined, its evaluation within animal production still poorly applied. Among the forms of evaluation of animal welfare, we can consider the Five Domains model, proposed initially by Mellor & Reid (1994). This model is a systematic method that includes four physical or functional domains (Nutrition, Environment, Health and Behavior) and a mental domain (Mental or Affective State). This article begins briefly describing the features of the Five Domains model. In order to illustrate the possible interactions between the five animal welfare domains, three recognizable situations that affect the welfare of production animals are presented: reduced space allowance at beef feedlot, painful handling of piglets and transport of broilers. In this context, although it is not possible to describe all the intervening factors and their possible combinations that potentially affect animal welfare, we believe that the examples presented showed an integrated view on the risks of compromising the welfare of animals in intensive production systems.
Assuntos
Animais , Aves Domésticas , Bem-Estar do Animal , Bovinos , Criação de Animais Domésticos , SuínosRESUMO
A demanda por sistemas intensivos de produção é uma realidade mundial com tendência a crescimento nas próximas décadas. No entanto, esses sistemas apresentam limitações em atender as necessidades físicas, comportamentais e psicológicas dos animais, o que pode acarretar no empobrecimento do bem-estar dos mesmos. Apesar do bem-estar animal já ser amplamente definido, sua avaliação dentro da produção animal ainda é pouco aplicada. Dentre suas formas de avaliação, o modelo dos Cinco Domínios, proposto por Mellor e Reid (1994), atua como um método sistemático que inclui quatro domínios físicos ou funcionais (Nutrição, Ambiente, Saúde e Comportamento) e um domínio mental (Estado Mental ou Afetivo). Este artigo descreve sucintamente as características do modelo Cinco Domínios e exemplifica as possíveis interações entre os domínios do bem-estar animal em três situações reconhecidamente limitantes para bem-estar dos animais de produção: restrição de espaço no confinamento de bovinos, procedimentos dolorosos no manejo de leitões e alta densidade no carregamento e transporte de frangos de corte. Nesse contexto, apesar de não ser possível incluir todos os fatores intervenientes nessa dinâmica, os exemplos apresentados mostram uma visão integrada sobre os riscos de comprometimento do bem-estar dos animais em sistemas intensivos de produção.(AU)
A demand for intensive production systems is a global reality with a tendency to grow in the coming decades. However, these systems have limitations in terms of care as physical, behavioral and psychological needs of animals, which can lead to the impoverishment of their welfare. Although animal welfare has already been widely defined, its evaluation within animal production still poorly applied. Among the forms of evaluation of animal welfare, we can consider the Five Domains model, proposed initially by Mellor & Reid (1994). This model is a systematic method that includes four physical or functional domains (Nutrition, Environment, Health and Behavior) and a mental domain (Mental or Affective State). This article begins briefly describing the features of the Five Domains model. In order to illustrate the possible interactions between the five animal welfare domains, three recognizable situations that affect the welfare of production animals are presented: reduced space allowance at beef feedlot, painful handling of piglets and transport of broilers. In this context, although it is not possible to describe all the intervening factors and their possible combinations that potentially affect animal welfare, we believe that the examples presented showed an integrated view on the risks of compromising the welfare of animals in intensive production systems.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Suínos , Aves Domésticas , Bem-Estar do Animal , Criação de Animais DomésticosRESUMO
Mas receptor (MasR) is a G protein-coupled receptor proposed as a candidate for mediating the angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzyme 2-Ang (1-7) protective axis of renin-angiotensin system. Because the role of this receptor is not definitively clarified, determination of MasR tissue distribution and expression levels constitutes a critical knowledge to fully understanding its function. Commercially available antibodies have been widely employed for MasR protein localization and quantification, but they have not been adequately validated. In this study, we carried on an exhaustive evaluation of four commercial MasR antibodies, following previously established criteria. Western Blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry studies starting from hearts and kidneys from wild type (WT) mice revealed that antibodies raised against different MasR domains yielded different patterns of reactivity. Furthermore, staining patterns appeared identical in samples from MasR knockout (MasR-KO) mice. We verified by polymerase chain reaction analysis that the MasR-KO mice used were truly deficient in this receptor as MAS transcripts were undetectable in either heart or kidney from this animal model. In addition, we evaluated the ability of the antibodies to detect the human c-myc-tagged MasR overexpressed in human embryonic kidney cells. Three antibodies were capable of detecting the MasR either by WB or by immunofluorescence, reproducing the patterns obtained with an anti c-myc antibody. In conclusion, although three of the selected antibodies were able to detect MasR protein at high expression levels observed in a transfected cell line, they failed to detect this receptor in mice tissues at physiological expression levels. As a consequence, validated antibodies that can recognize and detect the MasR at physiological levels are still lacking.
Assuntos
Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Animais , Anticorpos/metabolismo , Western Blotting , Linhagem Celular , Imunofluorescência , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Rim/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Proto-Oncogene Mas , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
It has been shown that angiotensin(1-7) (Ang(1-7)) produces several effects related to glucose homeostasis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of genetic deletion of Ang(1-7), the GPCR Mas, on the glucagon-producing cells. C57BL6/N Mas-/- mice presented a significant and marked increase in pancreatic α-cells (number of cells: 146 ± 21 vs 67 ± 8 in WT; P < 0.001) and the percentage per islet (17.9 ± 0.91 vs 12.3 ± 0.9% in WT; P < 0.0001) with subsequent reduction of ß-cells percentage (82.1 ± 0.91 vs 87.7 ± 0.9% in WT; P < 0.0001). Accordingly, glucagon plasma levels were increased (516.7 ± 36.35 vs 390.8 ± 56.45 pg/mL in WT; P < 0.05) and insulin plasma levels were decreased in C57BL6/N Mas-/- mice (0.25 ± 0.01 vs 0.31 ± 56.45 pg/mL in WT; P = 0.02). In order to eliminate the possibility of a background-related phenotype, we determined the number of glucagon-producing cells in FVB/N Mas-/- mice. In keeping with the observations in C57BL6/N Mas-/- mice, the number and percentage of pancreatic α-cells were also significantly increased in these mice (number of α-cells: 260 ± 22 vs 156 ± 12 in WT, P < 0.001; percentage per islet: 16 ± 0.8 vs 10 ± 0.5% in WT, P < 0.0001). These results suggest that Mas has a previously unexpected role on the pancreatic glucagon production.
RESUMO
We evaluated effects of chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters in fructose-fed (FF) rats. After 6 weeks of fructose intake (10% in drinking water), Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to intracerebroventricular infusion of Ang-(1-7) (200 ng/h; FF+A7 group) or 0.9% sterile saline (FF group) for 4 weeks with continued access to fructose. Compared with control rats, FF rats had increased mean arterial pressure and cardiac sympathetic tone with impaired baroreflex sensitivity. FF rats also presented increased circulating triglycerides, leptin, insulin, and glucose with impaired glucose tolerance. Furthermore, relative weights of liver and retroperitoneal adipose tissue were increased in FF rats. Glycogen content was reduced in liver, but increased in muscle. In contrast, fructose-fed rats subjected to chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of Ang-(1-7) presented reduced cardiac sympathetic tone with normalized mean arterial pressure, baroreflex sensitivity, glucose and insulin levels, and improved glucose tolerance. Relative weight of liver, and hepatic and muscle glycogen contents were also normalized in FF+A7 rats. In addition, FF+A7 rats had reduced mRNA expression for neuronal nitric oxide synthase and NR1 subunit of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor in hypothalamus and dorsomedial medulla. Ang-(1-7) infusion did not alter fructose-induced hyperleptinemia and increased relative weight of retroperitoneal adipose tissue. There were no differences in body weights, neither in liver mRNA expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase or glucose-6-phosphatase among the groups. These data indicate that chronic increase in Ang-(1-7) levels in the brain may have a beneficial role in fructose-fed rats by ameliorating cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.
Assuntos
Angiotensina I/uso terapêutico , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Carboidratos da Dieta/efeitos adversos , Frutose/efeitos adversos , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/prevenção & controle , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/uso terapêutico , Angiotensina I/administração & dosagem , Angiotensina I/metabolismo , Animais , Barorreflexo/efeitos dos fármacos , Barorreflexo/fisiologia , Glicemia/metabolismo , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Carboidratos da Dieta/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Frutose/farmacologia , Glicogênio/metabolismo , Infusões Intraventriculares , Insulina/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/administração & dosagem , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a disease with increasing importance in modern societies and insufficient treatment options. Pharmacological stimulation of insulin signaling, which is blunted in DM2, is a promising approach to treat this disease. It has been shown that activation of the angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7)/Mas axis of the renin-angiotensin system leads to an improved glucose uptake. In this study, we intended to evaluate, whether this effect could be exploited therapeutically. We first confirmed that Ang-(1-7) improves insulin signaling and glucose uptake in vitro in cultured cardiomyocytes. We then evaluated the therapeutic effect of a newly developed hydro-xypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin-based Ang-(1-7) nano-formulation in a novel transgenic rat model of inducible insulin resistance and DM2. The chronic administration of this compound prevented the marked elevation in blood glucose levels in these rats at a dose of 30 µg/kg, reversed the established hyperglycemic state at a dose of 100 µg/kg, and resulted in improved insulin sensitivity, reduced plasma insulin and decreased diabetic nephropathy. In conclusion, an oral Ang-(1-7) formulation reverses hyperglycemia and its consequences in an animal model of DM2 and represents a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of DM2 and other cardio-metabolic diseases. KEY MESSAGE: A novel rat model with inducible diabetes can be used to evaluate new therapies. Angiotensin-(1-7) is effective in an oral formulation packaged in cyclodextrine. Angiotensin-(1-7) is a promising antidiabetic drug.
Assuntos
Angiotensina I/administração & dosagem , Angiotensina I/uso terapêutico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/administração & dosagem , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/uso terapêutico , Administração Oral , Angiotensina I/farmacologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Desoxiglucose/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patologia , Hiperglicemia/complicações , Hiperglicemia/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/administração & dosagem , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Insulina/metabolismo , Masculino , Miócitos Cardíacos/efeitos dos fármacos , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
RATIONALE: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a key regulator of the cardiovascular system, electrolyte, and water balance. Here, we report identification and characterization of alamandine, a new heptapeptide generated by catalytic action of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 angiotensin A or directly from angiotensin-(1-7). OBJECTIVE: To characterize a novel component of the RAS, alamandine. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using mass spectrometry we observed that alamandine circulates in human blood and can be formed from angiotensin-(1-7) in the heart. Alamandine produces several physiological actions that resemble those produced by angiotensin-(1-7), including vasodilation, antifibrosis, antihypertensive, and central effects. Interestingly, our data reveal that its actions are independent of the known vasodilator receptors of the RAS, Mas, and angiotensin II type 2 receptor. Rather, we demonstrate that alamandine acts through the Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor, member D. Binding of alamandine to Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor, member D is blocked by D-Pro(7)-angiotensin-(1-7), the Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor, member D ligand ß-alanine and PD123319, but not by the Mas antagonist A-779. In addition, oral administration of an inclusion compound of alamandine/ß-hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin produced a long-term antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats and antifibrotic effects in isoproterenol-treated rats. Alamandine had no noticeable proliferative or antiproliferative effect in human tumoral cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of these 2 novel components of the RAS, alamandine and its receptor, provides new insights for the understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological role of the RAS and may help to develop new therapeutic strategies for treating human cardiovascular diseases and other related disorders.
Assuntos
Angiotensina I/química , Anti-Hipertensivos/química , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Descoberta de Drogas , Oligopeptídeos/química , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/química , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/fisiologia , Angiotensina I/fisiologia , Angiotensina II/análogos & derivados , Angiotensina II/química , Angiotensina II/fisiologia , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2 , Animais , Anti-Hipertensivos/isolamento & purificação , Células CHO , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Descoberta de Drogas/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Oligopeptídeos/fisiologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/fisiologia , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/fisiologia , Proto-Oncogene Mas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos F344 , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/química , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/fisiologiaRESUMO
Objetivo: Determinar o perfil epidemiológico de mulheres idosas com sintomas de ardência bucal. Métodos: Estudo transversal, quantitativo, exploratório e descritivo, realizado em duas fases: a) determinação da prevalência de sintomas de ardência bucal dentre 263 mulheres idosas com idades entre 60 e 83 anos, frequentadoras de seis centros de convivência públicos municipais, de Fortaleza-CE, Brasil; b) definição do perfil epidemiológico das entrevistadas com sintomas de ardência bucal, através das variáveis: doenças auto-referidas, fluxo salivar, uso de medicamentos, prótese dentária e hábitos de higiene bucal. Os dados foram organizados pelo software Statistical Package for Social Science - SPSS, versão 15. Resultados: A prevalência de sintomas de ardência bucal no grupo foi de 19% (n=50). Destas, 41 (82,0%) referiram a manifestação do sintoma como queimação. Quanto à ocorrência, os locais mais referidos foram: língua (48%; n=24) e gengivas (22%; n=11). Das idosas, 24 (48,0%) tinham sintomatologia diária. Sobre doenças e hábitos auto-referidos: 80,0% (n=40) citaram patologias cardiovasculares; 74,0% (n=37) músculo-esqueléticas; 62,0% (n=31) neurológicas, além de 56,0% (n=28) apresentarem redução do fluxo salivar; 70,0% (n=35) tomavam medicamento, 66,0% (n=33) eram usuárias de próteses dentárias; e 18,0% (n=9) não escovavam os dentes. Conclusão: A prevalência de sintoma de ardência bucal no grupo pesquisado foi de 19%; a sensação de queimação constituiu a principal forma de manifestação do sintoma e a língua apresentou-se como sítio de maior sintomatologia. O perfil epidemiológico das idosas sintomáticas destacou-se pelas doenças auto-referidas, tais como: cardiovasculares, músculo-esqueléticas e neurológicas, além de redução do fluxo salivar, bem como pelo uso de medicamento e prótese dentária.
Objective: To determine the epidemiological profile of elderly women with burning mouth symptoms. Methods: A cross sectional, quantitative, exploratory and descriptive study conducted in two phases: a) determining the prevalence of burning mouth symptoms among 263 elderly women aged between 60 and 83 years who attended six public municipal community centers in Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, b) defining the epidemiological profile of respondents with burning mouth symptoms, through the variables: self-reported diseases, salivary flow, use of medications, dental prosthesis and oral hygiene habits. Data were organized by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences - SPSS version 15. Results: The prevalence of burning mouth symptoms in the group was 19% (n=50). Of these, 41 (82.0%) reported the manifestation of the symptoms as a scalding sensation. Regarding the occurrence, the most referred sites were: tongue (48%; n=24) and gums (22%; n=11). Among elderly women, 24 (48.0%) had daily symptoms. Regarding self-reported diseases and habits: 80.0% cited cardiovascular diseases, 74.0% (n=37) musculoskeletal illness and 62.0% (n=31) neurological disorders, besides 56.0% (n=28) present reduction of salivary flow; 70.0% (n=35) took medication, 66.0% (n=33) were users of dental prosthesis and 18.0% (n=9) did not brush their teeth. Conclusions: The prevalence of burning mouth symptoms in this group was 19%; scalding sensation was the main manifestation of the symptom and the tongue was the site of major symptomatology. The epidemiological profile of symptomatic elderly was distinguished by self-reported diseases and habits such as cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and neurological disorders, in addition to reduced salivary flow, as well as the use of medications and dental prosthesis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Idoso , Síndrome da Ardência Bucal , Saúde BucalRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Obesity and diabetes remain among the world's most pervasive health problems. Although the importance of angiotensin II for metabolic regulation is well documented, the role of the angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas axis in this process is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increased angiotensin-(1-7) plasma levels in lipid and glucose metabolism using transgenic rats that express an angiotensin-(1-7)-releasing fusion protein, TGR(A1-7)3292 (TGR). METHODS AND RESULTS: The increased angiotensin-(1-7) levels in TGR induced enhanced glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. In addition, TGR presented decreased triglycerides and cholesterol levels, as well as a significant decrease in abdominal fat mass, despite normal food intake. These alterations were accompanied by a marked decrease of angiotensinogen expression and increased Akt in adipose tissue. Furthermore, augmented plasma levels and expression in adipose tissue was observed for adiponectin. Accordingly, angiotensin-(1-7) stimulation increased adiponectin production by primary adipocyte culture, which was blocked by the Mas antagonist A779. Circulating insulin and muscle glycogen content were not altered in TGR. CONCLUSION: These results show that increased circulating angiotensin-(1-7) levels lead to prominent changes in glucose and lipid metabolism.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Angiotensina II/sangue , Glicemia/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/sangue , Adipócitos/metabolismo , Adiponectina/sangue , Tecido Adiposo/citologia , Tecido Adiposo/efeitos dos fármacos , Adiposidade , Angiotensina I , Angiotensina II/análogos & derivados , Angiotensina II/genética , Angiotensina II/farmacologia , Animais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal , Células Cultivadas , Colesterol/sangue , Insulina/sangue , Leptina/sangue , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/genética , Masculino , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/genética , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Proto-Oncogene Mas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ratos Transgênicos , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to compare the apical sealing ability between the white MTA, gray MTA, Super EBA and Sealapex/Zinc Oxide association when used as root-end filling materials. Forty four maxillary central incisors extracted were distributed in four groups with 10 specimens each and two control groups with two specimens each. The teeth had their crowns sectioned and their canals instrumented by step-back technique to #60 file, using constant irrigation of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Roots were filled with gutta-percha and EndoFill sealer by Tagger's hybrid technique. The apical 3 mm of each root was resected, and 3-mm deep root-end cavity preparations were made. The root-end cavities were filled with white MTA, gray MTA, Super EBA and Sealapex/ZO. The roots were immersed in Rhodamine B and kept in an oven for 72 hours at 37ºC. A longitudinal section was performed to verify using Image Tool the dye penetration. Statistical analysis showed that the group sealed with Super EBA showed lower apical leakage than the other groups, showing significant difference (p <0.05) only in relation to white MTA and gray MTA. It was concluded that the Super EBA and the Sealapex/ZO association showed adequate apical seal in retro-fillings.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar ex vivo a capacidade seladora apical entre o MTA branco, o MTA cinza, o Super EBA e a associação Sealapex/Óxido de Zinco quando usados como materiais retro-obturadores. Foram divididos 44 incisivos centrais superiores humanos extraídos em quatro grupos experimentais com 10 espécimes cada e dois grupos controles com 2 espécimes cada. Os dentes tiveram as coroas seccionadas e seus canais instrumentados pela técnica escalonada até o instrumento #60, usando irrigação constante com hipoclorito de sódio 2,5%. As raízes foram obturadas com cones de guta-percha e cimento endodôntico EndoFill, pela técnica híbrida de Tagger. Os 3 mm apicais de cada raiz foram seccionados e foram feitas cavidades apicais com 3 mm de profundidade. As cavidades apicais foram preenchidas com os materiais MTA branco, MTA cinza, Super EBA e Sealapex/OZ. As raízes foram imersas no corante Rodamina B e mantidas numa estufa por 72 horas, à temperatura de 37ºC. Uma secção longitudinal foi realizada, a fim de verificar usando o programa Image Tool a penetração do corante. A análise estatística mostrou que o grupo selado com o Super EBA exibiu menores infiltrações apicais do que os demais grupos experimentais, apresentando diferença significante (p<0,05) apenas em relação ao MTA branco e o MTA cinza. Concluiu-se que o Super EBA e a associação Sealapex/OZ apresentaram selamento apical adequado em retro-obturações.
Assuntos
Humanos , Infiltração Dentária , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular , Tratamento do Canal Radicular , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Técnicas In VitroRESUMO
Estudo de revisão que buscou justificar a importância de se avaliar o estresse dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde e a correlação deles com a atividade ocupacional, uma vez que as situações vivenciadas pelos mesmos, nas diferentes áreas de risco, bem como o contato direto com a comunidade, representam agentes estressantes de relevante magnitude. Sabe-se que a presença de trabalhadores estressados na equipe resulta em insatisfação, diminuição da produtividade e má assistência de saúde à comunidade. Portanto, especial atenção deve ser dada aos profissionais propensos a reações mais intensas aos agentes geradores de estresse, o que resulta em benefícios tanto para a equipe de Saúde da Família quanto para a comunidade assistida.
Review study that sought to justify the importance of evaluating the stress of communitarian agents of health and their correlation with occupational activity, since the situations experienced by them, in the different areas of risk, as well as direct contact with the community, represent stressful agents of relevant magnitude. It is known that the presence of workers stressed on team results in dissatisfaction, decreased productivity and poor health care to the community. Therefore, special attention should be given to the professionals likely to more intense reactions to the stress-generating agents, which results in benefits for both the family health team and the community.
Revisar el estudio que pretendía justificar la importancia de evaluar el estrés de los agentes comunitarios de salud y su correlación con la actividad profesional, ya que las situaciones experimentan por ellos, en las diferentes áreas de riesgo, así como contacto con el comunidad, representan agentes estresantes de magnitud relevante. Es conocido que la presencia de los trabajadores hizo hincapié en los resultados del equipo en insatisfacción, disminución de la productividad y mala atención de salud a la comunidad. Por lo tanto, debe ponerse especial atención a los profesionales propensos a reacciones más intensas a los agentes generadores de estrés, que se traduce en beneficios para el equipo de salud de la familia y la comunidad.