RESUMO

A cisticercose é uma doença parasitária causada pela Taenia saginata que se caracteriza pela presença de cistos nos bovinos. É uma das principais causas de condenação de órgãos, carcaças e desvalorização da carne bovina dentro dos frigoríficos sob inspeção oficial. Portanto, esse trabalho objetivou determinar a prevalência de cisticercose bovina em bovinos abatidos durante o ano de 2021 em um abatedouro sob Inspeção Federal no Estado do Espírito Santo. No período avaliado, a prevalência anual foi de 4%. Foi verificada maior ocorrência nos meses de maio, setembro e novembro. Também foi verificada uma maior frequência de cistos calcificados (3,3%) em relação aos cistos vivos (0,76%). Essa alta taxa de prevalência indica que essa doença é endêmica na região, necessitando de medidas efetivas e de ações que interrompam o ciclo de transmissão dessa parasitose entre humanos e animais para diminuir a ocorrência de cisticercose no rebanho bovino e as consequentes perdas econômicas.

Cysticercosis is a parasitoses caused by Taenia saginata characterized by the presence of cysts in bovine tissues. It is one of the most important cause of viscera and carcasses condemnation and undervaluation of beef in slaughterhouses under official inspection. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the prevalence of bovine cysticercosis during the year in the 2021 in a slaughterhouse under Federal Inspection located at the state of Espirito Santo. During the study, the annual prevalence was 4%, being the months of higher occurrence May, September, and November. Additionally, the found frequency of calcified cysts (3,3%) was higher compared to live cysts (0,76%). These data indicate that this is an endemic disease in the region, and more effective actions are required to avoid transmission of this parasitosis between humans and animals and reduce cysticercosis frequency on cattle and its economic losses.

Assuntos

Assuntos

Assuntos

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined use of different chemical (albendazole, ivermectin, glycerine and Vaseline) and biological (Monacrosporium thaumasium) compounds in the control of Ancylostoma caninum. Infective larvae of A. caninum were obtained from coprocultures of positive faeces from naturally infected dogs. We used 1% ivermectin, 1% albendazole, 100% glycerine, 100% Vaseline and an isolate of the nematophagous fungus M. thaumasium (NF34), alone or in combinations. Next, an experimental test was set up with 16 groups in microtubes, with a 24-h interaction. The groups (G1 to G15) that contained any chemical or biological compound (NF34) and/or their combined use (chemical + biological) showed a difference in relation to the control group, except G5 - Vaseline 100% without combinations. It was concluded that, even on an experimental basis, the combined use of anthelmintic drugs with biological control was efficient; however, more studies must be carried out in order to elucidate the synergistic action between chemical and biological compounds to be used in the effective control of hookworms in the future.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the storage time of Monacrosporium thaumasium pellets on the predation of infective larvae of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes in the semi-arid area of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. 24 sheep with zero in the count of eggs per gram of faeces – EPG, were divided into four experimental groups: Group I, 3 g/10 kg live weight M. thaumasium pellets - 36 months of storage, single dose; Group II, 3 g/10 kg live weight M. thaumasium newly produced, single dose; Group III, 3 g/10 kg live weight pellets without fungi; and Group IV (control group) did not receive pellets. Every 24 h, up to 120 h, the faeces of the animals were collected and submitted to the laboratory for analysis. Fifteen grams of faeces were weighed from each animal and five grams of expanded vermiculite were added to produce the coprocultures. Subsequently, 1000 larvae (L3) sheep trichostrongilides were added, and larval recovery was performed after 7 days. Predation of larvae in Group I (M. thaumasium - 36 months) did not differ significantly (p > 0.01) from Group II (M. thaumasium - recent), with reductions of 75% and 79%. Both groups reached peak predation to larvae at 72 h. The helminth genus most recovered in the coprocultures was Haemonchus sp. The data indicate that the 36-month stocking period of M. thaumasium pellets in alginate matrix did not influence the efficacy of predation of infective larvae of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes, with fungal activity in the faeces up to 96 hours after administration to the animals.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do tempo de armazenamento de péletes de Monacrosporium thaumasium na predação de larvas infectantes de nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos no semiárido da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. 24 ovelhas, com contagem de ovos por grama de fezes – OPG, negativo, foram divididas em quatro grupos experimentais: Grupo I, 3 g / 10 kg de peso vivo, péletes de M. thaumasium - 36 meses de armazenamento, dose única; Grupo II, 3 g / 10 kg de peso vivo M. thaumasium recém-produzido, dose única; Grupo III, 3 g / 10 kg de peso vivo sem fungos; e Grupo IV (grupo controle), não recebeu péletes. A cada 24 h, até 120 h, as fezes dos animais foram coletadas e submetidas ao laboratório para análise. Quinze gramas de fezes foram pesados de cada animal e cinco gramas de vermiculita expandida foram adicionados para produzir as coproculturas. Subsequentemente, 1000 larvas (L3) de tricostrongilídeos de ovinos foram adicionadas e a recuperação larval foi realizada após sete dias. A predação de larvas no Grupo I (M. thaumasium - 36 meses) não diferiu significativamente (p> 0,01) do Grupo II (M. thaumasium - recente), com reduções de 75% e 79%. Ambos os grupos atingiram o pico de predação para larvas em 72 h. O gênero helminto mais recuperado nas coproculturas foi Haemonchus sp. Os dados indicam que o período de estocagem de 36 meses de péletes de M. thaumasium na matriz de alginato não influenciou a eficácia da predação de larvas infectantes de nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos, com atividade fúngica nas fezes até 96 horas após a administração aos animais.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the storage time of Monacrosporium thaumasium pellets on the predation of infective larvae of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes in the semi-arid area of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. 24 sheep with zero in the count of eggs per gram of faeces EPG, were divided into four experimental groups: Group I, 3 g/10 kg live weight M. thaumasium pellets - 36 months of storage, single dose; Group II, 3 g/10 kg live weight M. thaumasium newly produced, single dose; Group III, 3 g/10 kg live weight pellets without fungi; and Group IV (control group) did not receive pellets. Every 24 h, up to 120 h, the faeces of the animals were collected and submitted to the laboratory for analysis. Fifteen grams of faeces were weighed from each animal and five grams of expanded vermiculite were added to produce the coprocultures. Subsequently, 1000 larvae (L3) sheep trichostrongilides were added, and larval recovery was performed after 7 days. Predation of larvae in Group I (M. thaumasium - 36 months) did not differ significantly (p > 0.01) from Group II (M. thaumasium - recent), with reductions of 75% and 79%. Both groups reached peak predation to larvae at 72 h. The helminth genus most recovered in the coprocultures was Haemonchus sp. The data indicate that the 36-month stocking period of M. thaumasium pellets in alginate matrix did not influence the efficacy of predation of infective larvae of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes, with fungal activity in the faeces up to 96 hours after administration to the animals.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do tempo de armazenamento de péletes de Monacrosporium thaumasium na predação de larvas infectantes de nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos no semiárido da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. 24 ovelhas, com contagem de ovos por grama de fezes OPG, negativo, foram divididas em quatro grupos experimentais: Grupo I, 3 g / 10 kg de peso vivo, péletes de M. thaumasium - 36 meses de armazenamento, dose única; Grupo II, 3 g / 10 kg de peso vivo M. thaumasium recém-produzido, dose única; Grupo III, 3 g / 10 kg de peso vivo sem fungos; e Grupo IV (grupo controle), não recebeu péletes. A cada 24 h, até 120 h, as fezes dos animais foram coletadas e submetidas ao laboratório para análise. Quinze gramas de fezes foram pesados de cada animal e cinco gramas de vermiculita expandida foram adicionados para produzir as coproculturas. Subsequentemente, 1000 larvas (L3) de tricostrongilídeos de ovinos foram adicionadas e a recuperação larval foi realizada após sete dias. A predação de larvas no Grupo I (M. thaumasium - 36 meses) não diferiu significativamente (p> 0,01) do Grupo II (M. thaumasium - recente), com reduções de 75% e 79%. Ambos os grupos atingiram o pico de predação para larvas em 72 h. O gênero helminto mais recuperado nas coproculturas foi Haemonchus sp. Os dados indicam que o período de estocagem de 36 meses de péletes de M. thaumasium na matriz de alginato não influenciou a eficácia da predação de larvas infectantes de nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos, com atividade fúngica nas fezes até 96 horas após a administração aos animais.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A mycelial formulation in sodium alginate pellets of the nematophagous fungus Monacrosporium thaumasium (isolate NF34A) was assessed in the biological control of beef cattle trichostrongyles in tropical Brazil. Two groups of ten male Nellore calves aged 6 months, a fungus-treated group and a control group, were fed on a pasture of Brachiaria decumbens naturally infected with larvae of cattle trichostrongyles. The fungus-treated group received doses of sodium alginate mycelial pellets orally (1 g pellets (0.2 g fungus)/10 kg live weight) twice a week for 12 months. At the end of the study there was a significant reduction (P< 0.01) in the number of eggs per gram of faeces and coprocultures of the fungus-treated group--47.8% and 50.2%, respectively--in relation to the control group. There was a 47.3% reduction in herbage samples, collected up to 0-20 cm from faecal pats, between the fungus-treated and control groups, and a 58% reduction when the sampling distance was 20-40 cm from faecal pats (P< 0.01). The treatment with sodium alginate pellets containing the nematode-trapping fungus M. thaumasium reduced trichostrongyles in tropical south-eastern Brazil and could be an effective tool for the biological control of this parasitic nematode in beef cattle. However, in such a tropical climate with low rainfall the fungal viability can be reduced.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O trematodeo digenético Paratanaisia bragai é descrito como parasito dos túbulos coletores renais e ureteres de aves. Esse helminto é usualmente pouco patogênico para a maioria dos hospedeiros; porém, em altas cargas parasitárias e em animais mais suscetíveis, pode causar sérios danos que resultam em apatia, perda de peso, desidratação e até mesmo a morte. O presente trabalho objetivou relatar pela primeira vez o trematoide P. bragai parasitando os rins de um passeriforme da espécie Estrilda astrild, conhecido popularmente como bico-de-lacre, de distribuição cosmopolita. A partir da análise histopatológica dos rins da ave, observou-se a presença dos vermes adultos e de ovos, grande dilatação dos ductos coletores renais, destruição e achatamento das células epiteliais de revestimento e, ao redor dos parasitos, observou-se moderada reação inflamatória. Os autores sugerem que a infecção pode ter sido acidental, uma vez que os moluscos terrestres que servem de hospedeiros intermediários para P. bragai não fazem parte da dieta natural descrita para os bico-de-lacre. Os resultados encontrados no presente estudo confirmaram um bico-de-lacre como possível hospedeiro de P. bragai, acrescentando essa espécie de ave e possivelmente todo o grupo dos passeriformes na epidemiologia da infecção por esse trematoide.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O trematodeo digenético Paratanaisia bragai é descrito como parasito dos túbulos coletores renais e ureteres de aves. Esse helminto é usualmente pouco patogênico para a maioria dos hospedeiros; porém, em altas cargas parasitárias e em animais mais suscetíveis, pode causar sérios danos que resultam em apatia, perda de peso, desidratação e até mesmo a morte. O presente trabalho objetivou relatar pela primeira vez o trematoide P. bragai parasitando os rins de um passeriforme da espécie Estrilda astrild, conhecido popularmente como bico-de-lacre, de distribuição cosmopolita. A partir da análise histopatológica dos rins da ave, observou-se a presença dos vermes adultos e de ovos, grande dilatação dos ductos coletores renais, destruição e achatamento das células epiteliais de revestimento e, ao redor dos parasitos, observou-se moderada reação inflamatória. Os autores sugerem que a infecção pode ter sido acidental, uma vez que os moluscos terrestres que servem de hospedeiros intermediários para P. bragai não fazem parte da dieta natural descrita para os bico-de-lacre. Os resultados encontrados no presente estudo confirmaram um bico-de-lacre como possível hospedeiro de P. bragai, acrescentando essa espécie de ave e possivelmente todo o grupo dos passeriformes na epidemiologia da infecção por esse trematoide.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Biological control with the use of nematophagous fungi has been described very successfully by many authors and presents itself as a complementary control method, acting on the free-living forms of helminths. The efficacy of a formulation containing the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia in controlling Fasciola hepatica eggs in faeces was evaluated in an experimental field assay. Two bovine groups (six animals each) were used: A (control) and B (treated with fungus). At 30 days after deworming, the animals were separated into two similar paddocks with flooded areas and were given pellets containing 25 % mycelial mass (group B) or no fungus (group A) at a dose of 1 g/10 kg body weight, twice a week, during 18 months. Faecal samples were harvested fortnightly in the animals of groups A and B and they were submitted at examination of quantitative sedimentation. The mean count of F. hepatica eggs per grams of faeces was significantly higher in group A (1.19) compared with those from group B (0.82) (P < 0.01). After 18 months, animals from group B had gained 42.33 kg above (17.82 % more by weight) (P < 0.01), compared with the control group (A). Every month, faecal samples from paddocks A and B were collected and they were incubated. P. chlamydosporia was identified only in sample source of the paddock B. It can be concluded that the application of this fungical formulation with P. chlamydosporia 25 % mycelial mass was effective in reducing the availability of eggs in the environment and reinfections in calves in natural conditions.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Sodium alginate pellets of the nematode predatory fungi Duddingtonia flagrans and Monacrosporium thaumasium were evaluated in the biological control of bovine gastrointestinal nematodiasis. Three groups (A-C) of ten six month old male Nelore bulls were kept in paddocks of Brachiaria decumbens for 12 months. Each animal of group A received 1g/10 kg of body weight (b.w.) of pellets of D. flagrans (0.2 g of fungus/10 kg b.w.) and of group B, 1g/10 kg of b.w. of pellets of M. thaumasium (0.2 g of fungus/10 kg b.w.), twice a week, for 12 months. Animals of the group control received no fungus. The monthly averages of egg count per gram of feces of the animals of groups A and B were 56.67% and 47.8% smaller, than the animals of group C (p<0.05), respectively. Treatment of bulls with pellets containing the nematophagous fungi D. flagrans and M. thaumasium can be used as an alternative treatment of bovine gastrointestinal nematodiasis, however, D. flagrans was more efficient than M. thaumasium for the biological control in the environmental conditions of the present study.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Austrodiplostomum compactum and Ithyoclinostomum dimorphum are two trematodes commonly found in trahira, but these parasites were never reported in trahiras from Rio Doce. Thus, the aim of this study is to describe the occurrence of A. compactum and I. dimorphum metacercariae in trahira from the middle course of the Rio Doce and to record the presence of eggs in I. dimorphum metacercariae. The parasites were identified and analyzed using methods described previously. There were found 10 A. compactum metacercariae in the aqueous humor of eyes in four of the trahiras and 12 I. dimorphum metacercariae encysted in the peritoneal cavity in five of the trahiras. Maceration of the I. dimorphum metacercariae revealed the presence of eggs. These results demonstrate the broad distribution of these parasites and the first report of these parasites in trahira from Rio Doce.(AU)

Austrodiplostomum compactum e Ithyoclinostomum dimorphum são dois trematódeos comumente encontrados em traíras, contudo, esses parasitas nunca foram relatados em traíras do Rio Doce. O objetivo do estudo é descrever a ocorrência de metacercárias de A. compactum e I. dimorphum, e presença de ovos em metacercárias de I. dimorphum em traíras provenientes do médio curso do Rio Doce. Os parasitas foram analisados e identificados utilizando métodos descritos anteriormente. Foram encontradas 10 metacercárias de A. compactum no humor aquoso dos olhos em quatro traíras e 12 metacercárias de I. dimorphum encistadas na cavidade peritoneal de cinco traíras. A maceração de metacercárias de I. dimorphum revelou a presença de ovos nestes parasitos. Esses resultados demonstram a ampla distribuição desses trematódeos e este é o primeiro relato destes parasitos em traíra do Rio Doce.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Austrodiplostomum compactum and Ithyoclinostomum dimorphum are two trematodes commonly found in trahira, but these parasites were never reported in trahiras from Rio Doce. Thus, the aim of this study is to describe the occurrence of A. compactum and I. dimorphum metacercariae in trahira from the middle course of the Rio Doce and to record the presence of eggs in I. dimorphum metacercariae. The parasites were identified and analyzed using methods described previously. There were found 10 A. compactum metacercariae in the aqueous humor of eyes in four of the trahiras and 12 I. dimorphum metacercariae encysted in the peritoneal cavity in five of the trahiras. Maceration of the I. dimorphum metacercariae revealed the presence of eggs. These results demonstrate the broad distribution of these parasites and the first report of these parasites in trahira from Rio Doce.

Austrodiplostomum compactum e Ithyoclinostomum dimorphum são dois trematódeos comumente encontrados em traíras, contudo, esses parasitas nunca foram relatados em traíras do Rio Doce. O objetivo do estudo é descrever a ocorrência de metacercárias de A. compactum e I. dimorphum, e presença de ovos em metacercárias de I. dimorphum em traíras provenientes do médio curso do Rio Doce. Os parasitas foram analisados e identificados utilizando métodos descritos anteriormente. Foram encontradas 10 metacercárias de A. compactum no humor aquoso dos olhos em quatro traíras e 12 metacercárias de I. dimorphum encistadas na cavidade peritoneal de cinco traíras. A maceração de metacercárias de I. dimorphum revelou a presença de ovos nestes parasitos. Esses resultados demonstram a ampla distribuição desses trematódeos e este é o primeiro relato destes parasitos em traíra do Rio Doce.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The efficacy of a fungal formulation based on the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans was assessed in the control of cattle trichostrongyles. Twenty male Nellore calves, six-month-old, divided in two groups (fungus-treated and control without fungus) were fed on a pasture of Brachiaria decumbens naturally infected with larvae of bovine trichostrongyles. Animals of the treated group received doses of sodium alginate mycelial pellets orally (1 g/10 kg live weight, twice a week), for 12 months. Feces samples were collected for egg count (eggs per gram of feces-EPG) and coprocultures during 12 months. There was a significant reduction in EPG (56.7%) and infective larvae (L3) in coprocultures (60.5%) for animals of the treated group in relation to the control group at the end of the study. There was a significant reduction of L3 (64.5%) in herbage samples collected up to 0-20 cm from fecal pats and 73.2% in distant samples (20-40 cm) between the fungus-treated group and the control group. The treatment with sodium alginate pellets containing the nematode trapping fungus D. flagrans reduced trichostrongylid in tropical southeastern Brazil and could be an effective tool for biological control of this parasitic nematode in beef cattle.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The present study aimed to evaluate the ovicidal activity (type 3 effect) of VC1 and VC4 isolates of Pochonia chlamydosporia in a solid medium and the action of a crude extract of P. chlamydosporia against eggs of Ascaridia galli. To evaluate ovicidal activity in culture medium, 1000 A. galli eggs were plated on Petri dishes containing 2% water-agar with grown fungal isolates (VC1 or VC4) and without fungus (control group) and were examined at 1, 3 and 5 days post-inoculation (assay A). Then, to test the action of crude extracts of P. chlamydosporia (VC1 or VC4), 500 eggs of A. galli were plated on Petri dishes of 4.5 cm diameter with 5 ml of fungal filtrate from each tested isolate. The control group consisted of 500 eggs of A. galli with 10 ml of distilled water on each Petri dish (assay B). Fungal isolates were effective (P < 0.01) at destroying these eggs, showing a type 3 effect at the studied intervals. On the other hand, the crude extract of isolates (VC1 or VC4) reduced the number of A. galli eggs in the treated group compared with the control group by 64.1% and 56.5%, respectively. The results of the present study show that P. chlamydosporia is effective at destroying eggs of A. galli and could therefore be used in the biological control of nematodes.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this work was to evaluate the predatory activity of the fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34a) on Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3) in two experimental assays (A and B). In assay A, two treatments and one control were formed and kept for 7 days in Petri dishes with 2% water-agar. Each treatment consisted of 1000 H. contortus L3 and 1000 conidia of only one fungal isolate, and the control group consisted of 1000 L3, without fungus, with 10 repetitions per group. In assay B, 1000 conidia of one of the fungal isolates, AC001 or NF34a, were added to coprocultures made from 20 g of faeces collected from sheep naturally infected with H. contortus. At the end of the experiment, the Baermann method was used to count the non-predated larvae of all Petri dishes from treatment and control groups. In assay A, no difference was observed (P>0.05) between the groups treated with AC001 and NF34a fungi. A difference was observed (P < 0.05) between the treated and control groups. The L3 reduction percentages at the end of the experiment were 87.75 and 85.57%, respectively, for the fungal isolates compared to the control group. In assay B, the reduction percentages for conidia of these isolates were 85.82 and 87.32%, respectively. The results obtained show that D. flagrans (AC001) and M. thaumasium (NF34a) were effective in the in vitro control of sheep H. contortus L3 and could be used in the biological control of this nematode.

Assuntos