RESUMO
Abstract Introduction: Three-weekly cisplatin dose is accepted for standard treatment for concurrent chemo-radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, different chemotherapy schedules are presented in the literature. Objective: We intend to compare toxicity and outcomes of high dose 3-weekly cisplatin versus low dose weekly-cisplatin and cumulative dose of cisplatin in the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: 98 patients were included in the study, between 2010 and 2018. Cumulative doses of cisplatin (≥200 mg/m2 and <200 mg/m2) and different chemotherapy schedules (weekly and 3-weekly) were compared in terms of toxicity and survival. Besides prognostic factors including age, gender, T category, N category and radiotherapy technique were evaluated in uni-multivariate analysis. Results: Median follow-up time 41.5 months (range: 2-93 months). Five year overall survival, local relapse-free survival, regional recurrence-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival rates were; 68.9% vs. 90.3% (p = 0.11); 66.2% vs. 81.6% (p = 0.15); 87.3% vs. 95.7% (p = 0.18); 80.1% vs. 76.1% (p = 0.74) for the group treated weekly and 3 weekly, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between groups. Five year overall survival, local relapse-free survival, regional recurrence-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival rates were; 78.2% vs. 49.2% (p = 0.003); 75.8% vs. 47.9% (p = 0.055); 91% vs. 87.1% (p = 0.46); 80% vs. 72.2% (p = 0.46) for the group treated ≥200 mg/m2 and <200 mg/m2 cumulative dose cisplatin. There was statistically significant difference between groups for overall survival and there was close to being statistically significant difference between groups for local relapse-free survival. Age, gender, T category, N category, chemotherapy schedules were not associated with prognosis in the uni-variety analysis. Radiotherapy technique and cumulative dose of cisplatin was associated with prognosis in uni-variate analysis (HR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.071-0.628; p = 0.005 and HR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.125-0.686; p = 0.003, respectively). Only cumulative dose of cisplatin was found as an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (HR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.146-0.912; p = 0.03). When toxicities were evaluated, such as hematological toxicity, dermatitis, mucositis, nausea and vomiting, there were no statistically significant differences between cumulative dose of cisplatin groups (<200 mg/m2 and ≥200 mg/m2) and chemotherapy schedules (3-weekly and weekly). But malnutrition was statistically significant higher in patients treated with 3-weekly cisplatin compared with patients treated with weekly cisplatin (p = 0.001). Conclusion: A cisplatin dose with ≥200 mg/m2 is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Chemotherapy schedules weekly and 3-weekly have similar outcomes and adverse effects. If patients achieve ≥200 mg/m2 dose of cumulative cisplatin, weekly chemotherapy schedules may be used safely and effectively in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.
Resumo Introdução: Três doses semanais de cisplatina com quimiorradioterapia concomitante são aceitas como o tratamento-padrão para carcinoma nasofaríngeo. No entanto, diferentes esquemas quimioterápicos são recomendados na literatura científica. Objetivo: Comparar a toxicidade e os resultados de 3 doses altas semanais de cisplatina versus dose baixa semanal de cisplatina em pacientes com carcinoma nasofaríngeo e verificar a dose cumulativa de cisplatina. Método: Foram incluídos 98 pacientes, entre 2010 e 2018. As doses cumulativas de cisplatina (≥ 200 mg/m2 e < 200 mg/m2) e diferentes esquemas de quimioterapia (semanal e a cada 3 semanas) foram comparadas em termos de toxicidade e sobrevida. Além disso, fatores prognósticos, inclusive idade, sexo, categoria T, categoria N e técnica de radioterapia, foram avaliados na análise uni-multivariada. Resultados: O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 41,5 meses (intervalo: 2-93 meses). Sobrevida global de cinco anos, sobrevida livre de recidiva local, sobrevida livre de recidiva regional e sobrevida livre de metástases a distância foram: 68,9% vs. 90,3% (p = 0,11); 66,2% vs. 81,6% (p = 0,15); 87,3% vs. 95,7% (p = 0,18); e 80,1% vs. 76,1% (p = 0,74) para os grupos tratados semanalmente e 3 x/semana, respectivamente. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos. Taxas de sobrevida global, sobrevida livre de recidiva local, sobrevida livre de recidiva regional e sobrevida livre de metástases a distância em cinco anos foram; 78,2% vs. 49,2% (p = 0,003); 75,8% vs. 47,9% (p = 0,055); 91% vs. 87,1% (p = 0,46); 80% vs. 72,2% (p = 0,46) para o grupo tratado com ≥ 200 mg/m2 e < 200 mg/m2 de dose cumulativa de cisplatina. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos para sobrevida global e houve uma diferença quase estatisticamente significante entre os grupos para sobrevida livre de recidiva local. Idade, sexo, categoria T, categoria N e esquemas de quimioterapia não foram associados ao prognóstico na análise univariada. A técnica de radioterapia e dose cumulativa de cisplatina foram associadas ao prognóstico na análise univariada (HR = 0,21; IC 95%: 0,071 ± 0,628; p = 0,005 e HR = 0,29; IC 95%: 0,125 ± 0,686; p = 0,003, respectivamente). Apenas a dose cumulativa de cisplatina foi considerada um fator prognóstico independente na análise multivariada (HR = 0,36; IC 95%: 0,146 ± 0,912; p = 0,03). Quando as toxicidades foram avaliadas, como toxicidade hematológica, dermatite, mucosite, náusea e vômito, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre a dose cumulativa dos grupos cisplatina (< 200 mg/m2 e ≥ 200 mg/m2) e esquemas de quimioterapia (semanal e a cada 3 semanas). Entretanto, a desnutrição foi estatisticamente maior em pacientes tratados com cisplatina a cada 3 semanas em comparação com pacientes tratados com cisplatina semanalmente (p = 0,001). Conclusão: Uma dose de cisplatina ≥ 200 mg/m2 é fator prognóstico independente para sobrevida global. Os esquemas de quimioterapia semanais e a cada 3 semanas têm resultados e efeitos adversos semelhantes. Se os pacientes atingirem uma dose cumulativa ≥ 200 mg/m2 de cisplatina, os esquemas semanais de quimioterapia podem ser usados com segurança e eficácia em pacientes com carcinoma nasofaríngeo.
Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/patologia , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/terapia , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/terapia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Cisplatino , Resultado do Tratamento , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Quimiorradioterapia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Estadiamento de NeoplasiasRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Three-weekly cisplatin dose is accepted for standard treatment for concurrent chemo-radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, different chemotherapy schedules are presented in the literature. OBJECTIVE: We intend to compare toxicity and outcomes of high dose 3-weekly cisplatin versus low dose weekly-cisplatin and cumulative dose of cisplatin in the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS: 98 patients were included in the study, between 2010 and 2018. Cumulative doses of cisplatin (≥200mg/m2 and <200mg/m2) and different chemotherapy schedules (weekly and 3-weekly) were compared in terms of toxicity and survival. Besides prognostic factors including age, gender, T category, N category and radiotherapy technique were evaluated in uni-multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Median follow-up time 41.5 months (range: 2-93 months). Five year overall survival, local relapse-free survival, regional recurrence-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival rates were; 68.9% vs. 90.3% (p=0.11); 66.2% vs. 81.6% (p=0.15); 87.3% vs. 95.7% (p=0.18); 80.1% vs. 76.1% (p=0.74) for the group treated weekly and 3 weekly, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between groups. Five year overall survival, local relapse-free survival, regional recurrence-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival rates were; 78.2% vs. 49.2% (p=0.003); 75.8% vs. 47.9% (p=0.055); 91% vs. 87.1% (p=0.46); 80% vs. 72.2% (p=0.46) for the group treated ≥200mg/m2 and <200mg/m2 cumulative dose cisplatin. There was statistically significant difference between groups for overall survival and there was close to being statistically significant difference between groups for local relapse-free survival. Age, gender, T category, N category, chemotherapy schedules were not associated with prognosis in the uni-variety analysis. Radiotherapy technique and cumulative dose of cisplatin was associated with prognosis in uni-variate analysis (HR=0.21; 95% CI: 0.071-0.628; p=0.005 and HR=0.29; 95% CI: 0.125-0.686; p=0.003, respectively). Only cumulative dose of cisplatin was found as an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (HR=0.36; 95% CI: 0.146-0.912; p=0.03). When toxicities were evaluated, such as hematological toxicity, dermatitis, mucositis, nausea and vomiting, there were no statistically significant differences between cumulative dose of cisplatin groups (<200mg/m2 and ≥200mg/m2) and chemotherapy schedules (3-weekly and weekly). But malnutrition was statistically significant higher in patients treated with 3-weekly cisplatin compared with patients treated with weekly cisplatin (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: A cisplatin dose with ≥200mg/m2 is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Chemotherapy schedules weekly and 3-weekly have similar outcomes and adverse effects. If patients achieve ≥200mg/m2 dose of cumulative cisplatin, weekly chemotherapy schedules may be used safely and effectively in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/terapia , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Quimiorradioterapia , Cisplatino , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Humanos , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/patologia , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/terapia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Thyroid volume and the prevalence of thyroid nodules are higher in patients with insulin resistance. A relationship between thyroid volume and glucose metabolism disorders (GMD) has not as yet been clarified. The present retrospective study aimed to investigate the association between GMD and thyroid volume. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We investigated the data of 2,630 patients who were evaluated for thyroid biopsy in our hospital. The study population included 602 patients with GMD, 554 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 1,474 patients with normal glucose metabolism as a control group. We obtained the levels of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and the thyroid volumes of those patients retrospectively. RESULTS: The median ages for the control group, GMD group and DM group were 55 (15-91) years, 60 (27-97) years, and 65 (27-91) years respectively and there was a statistically significant difference between the groups with regard to age and gender (p<0.001). Levels of TSH were similar in all groups. The median total thyroid volumes for patients with DM and GMD were significantly higher than that of the control group [22.5 (3-202) mL, 20.2 (4-190) mL, and 19.2 (3-168) mL respectively, p≤0.001 for all parameters]. Also the median total thyroid volume for patients with DM was significantly higher than that of the GMD group (p<0.001). According to the correlation analysis, thyroid volume was significantly correlated with age (r=0.92, p<0.001) and TSH (r=0.435, p<0.001). Age, gender, TSH levels, GMD and DM diagnosis were independently correlated with thyroid volume. CONCLUSION: The thyroid gland is one of the target tissues of metabolic disorders. We reported a positive correlation between GMD/type 2 DM and thyroid volume. Further controlled, prospective, randomized studies on this subject are required to gain more information.
Assuntos
Transtornos do Metabolismo de Glucose/patologia , Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Glicemia/análise , Glicemia/metabolismo , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patologia , Feminino , Transtornos do Metabolismo de Glucose/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tamanho do Órgão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Tireotropina/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objective Thyroid volume and the prevalence of thyroid nodules are higher in patients with insulin resistance. A relationship between thyroid volume and glucose metabolism disorders (GMD) has not as yet been clarified. The present retrospective study aimed to investigate the association between GMD and thyroid volume. Subjects and methods: We investigated the data of 2,630 patients who were evaluated for thyroid biopsy in our hospital. The study population included 602 patients with GMD, 554 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 1,474 patients with normal glucose metabolism as a control group. We obtained the levels of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and the thyroid volumes of those patients retrospectively. Results The median ages for the control group, GMD group and DM group were 55 (15‐91) years, 60 (27‐97) years, and 65 (27‐91) years respectively and there was a statistically significant difference between the groups with regard to age and gender (p<0.001). Levels of TSH were similar in all groups. The median total thyroid volumes for patients with DM and GMD were significantly higher than that of the control group [22.5 (3‐202) mL, 20.2 (4‐190) mL, and 19.2 (3‐168) mL respectively, p≤0.001 for all parameters]. Also the median total thyroid volume for patients with DM was significantly higher than that of the GMD group (p<0.001). According to the correlation analysis, thyroid volume was significantly correlated with age (r=0.92, p<0.001) and TSH (r=0.435, p<0.001). Age, gender, TSH levels, GMD and DM diagnosis were independently correlated with thyroid volume. Conclusion The thyroid gland is one of the target tissues of metabolic disorders. We reported a positive correlation between GMD/type 2 DM and thyroid volume. Further controlled, prospective, randomized studies on this subject are required to gain more information. .
Objetivo O volume da tiroide e a prevalência de nódulos tiroidianos são mais altos em pacientes com resistência à insulina. A relação entre o volume da tiroide e os transtornos do metabolismo da glicose (TMG) ainda não foi elucidada. O objetivo do presente estudo retrospectivo foi investigar a associação entre os TMG e o volume da tiroide. Sujeitos e métodos: Analisamos os dados de 2.630 pacientes que foram avaliados para biópsia de tiroide em nosso hospital. A população estudada incluiu 602 pacientes com TMG, 554 pacientes com diabetes melito (DM) e 1.474 pacientes com metabolismo normal da glicose, como grupo controle. As concentrações de hormônio tireoestimulante (TSH) e os volumes da tiroide para esses pacientes foram obtidos de forma retrospectiva. Resultados As idades medianas para o grupo controle, grupo TMG e grupo DM foram 55 (15‐91), 60 (27‐97) e 65 (27‐91) anos, respectivamente, e houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos com relação à idade e ao gênero (p<0,001). Os níveis de TSH foram similares em todos os grupos. A mediana do volume total da tiroide para pacientes com DM e TMG foi significativamente maior do que para os pacientes do grupo controle [22,5 (3‐202) mL, 20,2 (4‐190) mL, e 19,2 (3‐168) mL, respectivamente, p≤0,001 para todos os parâmetros]. Além disso, a mediana do volume total da tiroide para pacientes com DM foi significativamente maior do que no grupo TMG (p<0,001). De acordo com a análise de correlação, o volume da tiroide foi significativamente correlacionado com a idade (r=0,92; p<0,001) e TSH (r=0,435; p<0,001). A idade, o gênero, a concentração de TSH e o diagnóstico de TMG e DM se correlacionaram com o volume da tiroide de forma independente. Conclusão A tiroide ...