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We study the coarsening of two-dimensional oblique stripe patterns by numerically solving potential and nonpotential anisotropic Swift-Hohenberg equations. Close to onset, all models exhibit isotropic coarsening with a single characteristic length scale growing in time as t1/2. Further from onset, the characteristic lengths along the preferred directions x and y grow with different exponents, close to 1/3 and 1/2, respectively. In this regime, one-dimensional dynamical scaling relations hold. We draw an analogy between this problem and model A in a stationary, modulated external field. For deep quenches, nonpotential effects produce a complicated dislocation dynamics that can lead to either arrested or faster-than-power-law growth, depending on the model considered. In the arrested case, small isolated domains shrink down to a finite size and fail to disappear. A comparison with available experimental results for electroconvection in nematics is presented.
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We investigate the properties of a deterministic walk, whose locomotion rule is always to travel to the nearest site. Initially the sites are randomly distributed in a closed rectangular (ALxL) landscape and, once reached, they become unavailable for future visits. As expected, the walker step lengths present characteristic scales in one (L-->0) and two (AL approximately L) dimensions. However, we find scale invariance for an intermediate geometry, when the landscape is a thin striplike region. This result is induced geometrically by a dynamical trapping mechanism, leading to a power-law distribution for the step lengths. The relevance of our findings in broader contexts--of both deterministic and random walks--is also briefly discussed.
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During several volunteer experiences in the Corozal District in Northern Belize, the authors worked with and interviewed traditional midwives, midwife educators, administrators, and professional midwives, who practice in public health clinics, rural health outposts, and a government hospital. One interview with a traditional midwife from a rural Mayan village, garnered interesting information about her 63-year practice, which is compared with the practice of professional midwives. Issues important to midwifery and health care in Belize are discussed. The interviews and the authors' own experiences reveal changing birthing practices, as well as the continued importance of midwives in the care of childbearing women in Northern Belize.
Assuntos
Tocologia , Serviços de Saúde Rural , Belize , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Prática ProfissionalRESUMO
In an idealized way, some turbulent flows can be pictured by assemblies of many vortices characterized by a set of particle distribution functions. Ultrasound provides a useful, nonintrusive, tool to study the spatial structure of vorticity in flows. This is analogous to the use of elastic neutron scattering to determine liquid structure. We express the dispersion relation, as well as the scattering cross section, of sound waves propagating in a "liquid" of identical vortices as a function of vortex pair correlation functions. In two dimensions, formal analogies with ionic liquids are pointed out.
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We point out some similarities between the statistics of high Reynolds number turbulence and critical phenomena. An analogy is developed for two-dimensional decaying flows, in particular by studying the scaling properties of the two-point vorticity correlation function within a simple phenomenological framework. The inverse of the Reynolds number is the analog of the small parameter that separates the system from criticality. It is possible to introduce a set of three critical exponents; for the correlation length, the autocorrelation function, and the so-called susceptibility, respectively. The exponents corresponding to the well-known enstrophy cascade theory of Kraichnan and Batchelor are, remarkably, the same as the Gaussian approximation exponents for spin models. The limitations of the analogy, in particular the lack of universal scaling functions, are also discussed.
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The manufacture of a polyester vascular prosthesis in the southern hemisphere is a new development in the global dissemination of this maturing technology. Hence the recent introduction of the Barone Microvelour arterial graft from Argentina has highlighted the need for a comparative in vitro and in vivo study to compare its structure and performance with that of existing commercial products. Following a series of laboratory tests and implantations as a thoracoabdominal bypass in dogs, the Barone Microvelour has been identified as a strong graft constructed after the style of early weft-knitted designs. It provides an equivalent sequence and rate of healing to that of other polyester knitted grafts.