RESUMO
In order to detect an association between HIV infection and tuberculosis (TB), 130 TB inpatients were studied one of whom presented a pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium avium intracellulare. All had advanced TB, 95.4%, with pulmonary localization. Serum anti-HIV antibodies were detected by ELISA and their presence confirmed by immunoblotting in 4 (3.1%) individuals, three males and one female, with different degrees of pulmonary TB. Of the males, 1 was bisexual, 2 were promiscuous, and the female was the sexual partner of a non symptomatic HIV-infected man. No immunological disturbances or other AIDS related alterations were observed. There was one case of miliary TB, but neither atypical X-ray abnormalities nor extrapulmonary involvement were found. Tuberculin reaction was positive in three of the four HIV infected patients. Clinical, radiological and bacteriological evolution were favorable. Adverse drug reaction occurred in two cases, one of them presenting serious toxidermia caused by isoniazid. Of the 130 individuals, 12 presented risk factors for HIV infection so that the prevalence of anti-HIV antibodies presented here, 4 cases out of 12, is consistent with data from previous reports for high risk populations.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Tuberculose/complicações , Sorodiagnóstico da AIDS , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/diagnóstico , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/análise , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/complicaçõesRESUMO
In order to detect an association between HIV infection and tuberculosis (TB), 130 TB inpatients were studied one of whom presented a pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium avium intracellulare. All had advanced TB, 95.4
, with pulmonary localization. Serum anti-HIV antibodies were detected by ELISA and their presence confirmed by immunoblotting in 4 (3.1
) individuals, three males and one female, with different degrees of pulmonary TB. Of the males, 1 was bisexual, 2 were promiscuous, and the female was the sexual partner of a non symptomatic HIV-infected man. No immunological disturbances or other AIDS related alterations were observed. There was one case of miliary TB, but neither atypical X-ray abnormalities nor extrapulmonary involvement were found. Tuberculin reaction was positive in three of the four HIV infected patients. Clinical, radiological and bacteriological evolution were favorable. Adverse drug reaction occurred in two cases, one of them presenting serious toxidermia caused by isoniazid. Of the 130 individuals, 12 presented risk factors for HIV infection so that the prevalence of anti-HIV antibodies presented here, 4 cases out of 12, is consistent with data from previous reports for high risk populations.
RESUMO
Splenocytes from Junin-virus-persistently-infected euthymic mice taken at 45 days postinfection seemed unable to induce overt signs of disease, to cause death, or to modify brain viral levels when transferred to athymic Junin-virus-infected mice. Findings differed sharply when the same recipients were transferred with splenocytes taken at 6 or 30 days postinfection from immunocompetent mice infected in adult life, since mortality reached 80 or 50%, respectively, and brain viral titers were significantly lowered. Furthermore, splenocytes taken at 6 days postinfection from whole adult mice proved harmless to persistently infected euthymic mice. These findings strongly suggest the existence of an immune system alteration in the immunocompetent mouse, attributable to Junin virus persistence. This premise is based on the fact that splenocytes from persistently infected mice were unable to recognize viral antigen expressed on recipient-infected cells. The absence or impairment of a specific cytotoxic T cell population is hereby postulated.
Assuntos
Febre Hemorrágica Americana/imunologia , Imunização Passiva , Monócitos/transplante , Animais , Doença Crônica , Coriomeningite Linfocítica/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Monócitos/imunologia , Baço/citologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Junin virus infection of immune system organs was correlated with persistence establishment in the mouse and rat. Rockland mice under 24 or at 72 and 120 h of age received 10(4) pfu of Junin virus XJ strain by ic route. Separately, two groups of mice under 24 h old were infected with the same dose of XJ or XJCl3 strain by the same route respectively. Results showed that higher thymus virus titer correlated with greater survival. In turn, the former also seemed to correlate with decreasing age at inoculation time, although there was considerable strain dependence. In order to correlate replication levels in thymus with clinical progress in mice, animals under 24 h of age were inoculated with XJ. At 14 days pi apparently healthy mice from this batch were separated from those presenting severe neurologic sings. In the asymptomatic mice, thymus titers ranged from 1.7 to 3.2 log, while no virus was found in thymus harvested from obviously ill animals. However brain virus titers in the two groups proved similar. To confirm these findings, 72 h old Wistar rats were inoculated in with 10(4) pfu of either Junin virus strain: with XJ strain (90% survival) virus could be readily isolated from thymus and bone marrow at day 7 pi, whereas with XJCl3 (5% survival) no virus could be rescued from any organ tested. Therefore, our results strongly suggest a close correlation between productive thymic infection and Junin virus persistence establishment in these rodents, depending on immune response regulation rather than on viral variation.
Assuntos
Arenaviridae/fisiologia , Arenavirus do Novo Mundo/fisiologia , Medula Óssea/microbiologia , Febre Hemorrágica Americana/microbiologia , Timo/microbiologia , Animais , Arenavirus do Novo Mundo/isolamento & purificação , Encéfalo/microbiologia , Doença Crônica , Camundongos , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos/microbiologia , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Junin virus infection of immune system organs was correlated with persistence establishment in the mouse and rat. Rockland mice under 24 or at 72 and 120 h of age received 10(4) pfu of Junin virus XJ strain by ic route. Separately, two groups of mice under 24 h old were infected with the same dose of XJ or XJCl3 strain by the same route respectively. Results showed that higher thymus virus titer correlated with greater survival. In turn, the former also seemed to correlate with decreasing age at inoculation time, although there was considerable strain dependence. In order to correlate replication levels in thymus with clinical progress in mice, animals under 24 h of age were inoculated with XJ. At 14 days pi apparently healthy mice from this batch were separated from those presenting severe neurologic sings. In the asymptomatic mice, thymus titers ranged from 1.7 to 3.2 log, while no virus was found in thymus harvested from obviously ill animals. However brain virus titers in the two groups proved similar. To confirm these findings, 72 h old Wistar rats were inoculated in with 10(4) pfu of either Junin virus strain: with XJ strain (90
survival) virus could be readily isolated from thymus and bone marrow at day 7 pi, whereas with XJCl3 (5
survival) no virus could be rescued from any organ tested. Therefore, our results strongly suggest a close correlation between productive thymic infection and Junin virus persistence establishment in these rodents, depending on immune response regulation rather than on viral variation.
RESUMO
As previously shown, the XJO variant of Junin virus (JV) is attenuated and elicits in guinea pigs a lasting humoral response and resistance to the challenge with XJ pathogenic strain, during at least three months. In this paper the long term evolution of guinea pigs inoculated with XJO by im route was studied. Ten animals were infected with 10(3) PFU of XJO at day 0 (group I) and an other 10, at days 0 and 77 (group II). Another 30 guinea pigs were inoculated with 10(2) PFU at day 0 (group III) and 30 at days 0 and 12 (group IV). The animals were observed during 12 months. Circulating complement fixing (CF) and neutralizing (Nt) antibodies were measured at different periods pi in all groups, and lots of four guinea pigs from groups III and IV were challenged with 10(2) PFU of XJ strain at 120, 180, 240 and 360 days pi. Independently of the number of inoculations, the humoral response was similar in the four groups. CF antibodies appeared in all animals around 30 days pi in low values (1:4-1:8) and after a peak, which in a few animals reached 1:32-1:64, returned to previous levels by 12 months pi. Nt antibodies, first detected 15-20 days pi, reached maximum titers by 75-80 days pi, decreasing afterwards to a plateau which persisted throughout the 12 month period (Fig. 1A-B). Probably the continuous presence of antibodies could account for the 100% resistance to the challenge with XJ pathogenic strain shown by these animals (table I).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Febre Hemorrágica Americana/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/biossíntese , Arenavirus do Novo Mundo/genética , Arenavirus do Novo Mundo/imunologia , Arenavirus do Novo Mundo/isolamento & purificação , Cobaias , Febre Hemorrágica Americana/microbiologia , Febre Hemorrágica Americana/prevenção & controle , Camundongos , Testes de Neutralização , Vacinas ViraisAssuntos
Febre Hemorrágica Americana/patologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/patologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Arenavirus do Novo Mundo/imunologia , Arenavirus do Novo Mundo/patogenicidade , Encéfalo/microbiologia , Gânglios/microbiologia , Cobaias , Febre Hemorrágica Americana/microbiologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/microbiologia , RatosRESUMO
As previously shown, the XJO variant of Junin virus (JV) is attenuated and elicits in guinea pigs a lasting humoral response and resistance to the challenge with XJ pathogenic strain, during at least three months. In this paper the long term evolution of guinea pigs inoculated with XJO by im route was studied. Ten animals were infected with 10(3) PFU of XJO at day 0 (group I) and an other 10, at days 0 and 77 (group II). Another 30 guinea pigs were inoculated with 10(2) PFU at day 0 (group III) and 30 at days 0 and 12 (group IV). The animals were observed during 12 months. Circulating complement fixing (CF) and neutralizing (Nt) antibodies were measured at different periods pi in all groups, and lots of four guinea pigs from groups III and IV were challenged with 10(2) PFU of XJ strain at 120, 180, 240 and 360 days pi. Independently of the number of inoculations, the humoral response was similar in the four groups. CF antibodies appeared in all animals around 30 days pi in low values (1:4-1:8) and after a peak, which in a few animals reached 1:32-1:64, returned to previous levels by 12 months pi. Nt antibodies, first detected 15-20 days pi, reached maximum titers by 75-80 days pi, decreasing afterwards to a plateau which persisted throughout the 12 month period (Fig. 1A-B). Probably the continuous presence of antibodies could account for the 100
resistance to the challenge with XJ pathogenic strain shown by these animals (table I).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
RESUMO
As previously shown, the XJO variant of Junin virus (JV) is attenuated and elicits in guinea pigs a lasting humoral response and resistance to the challenge with XJ pathogenic strain, during at least three months. In this paper the long term evolution of guinea pigs inoculated with XJO by im route was studied. Ten animals were infected with 10(3) PFU of XJO at day 0 (group I) and an other 10, at days 0 and 77 (group II). Another 30 guinea pigs were inoculated with 10(2) PFU at day 0 (group III) and 30 at days 0 and 12 (group IV). The animals were observed during 12 months. Circulating complement fixing (CF) and neutralizing (Nt) antibodies were measured at different periods pi in all groups, and lots of four guinea pigs from groups III and IV were challenged with 10(2) PFU of XJ strain at 120, 180, 240 and 360 days pi. Independently of the number of inoculations, the humoral response was similar in the four groups. CF antibodies appeared in all animals around 30 days pi in low values (1:4-1:8) and after a peak, which in a few animals reached 1:32-1:64, returned to previous levels by 12 months pi. Nt antibodies, first detected 15-20 days pi, reached maximum titers by 75-80 days pi, decreasing afterwards to a plateau which persisted throughout the 12 month period (Fig. 1A-B). Probably the continuous presence of antibodies could account for the 100
resistance to the challenge with XJ pathogenic strain shown by these animals (table I).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Febre Hemorrágica Americana/patologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/patologia , Encéfalo/microbiologia , Arenavirus do Novo Mundo/imunologia , Arenavirus do Novo Mundo/patogenicidade , Gânglios/microbiologia , Cobaias , Febre Hemorrágica Americana/microbiologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/microbiologiaRESUMO
Diagnosis of guinea pig pregnancy by the inhibition hemagglutination test used to detect chorionic gonadotrophin in urine showed to be unreliable after the 57% false positive and 3% false negative results obtained over 79 urine samples tested. On the other hand, by comparing the cell morphology of about 60 vaginal smears taken from 20 non-pregnant guinea pigs, stained by a Papanicolaou modified technique, the 4 estrous cycle stages were characterized. The subsequent study of many vaginal smears taken from 15 pregnant guinea pigs showed no pathognomic cells but a picture where 60-70% proestrus and 40-30% diestrus cells appeared. This proestrus-diestrus (Pd) picture was accepted as typical for pregnancy, because it showed up in every pregnant guinea pig lasting all the gestation period, changing only after delivery or abortion. Fecundation does not change the estrous cycle sequence which, as it was proved, progressed normally until it reached this Pd picture. Therefore, the persistence of a Pd picture during +/- 6 days should be considered as diagnosis for pregnancy; when estrus has been detected a Pd picture 12-14 days post estrus as prognosis, and at 16-19 days post-estrus as diagnosis for pregnancy. This cytologic assay proved to be reliable. Besides, once cell characterization has been performed, the staining procedure can be substituted by a direct observation of wet specimen, saving time without loosing accuracy.