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This Research Communication describes the relationship between casein, free fatty acids (FFAs) and the storage period of ultra-high temperature-treated (UHT) whole milk observed for a period of 120 d of labelled shelf-life. Moreover, we aim to estimate the daily rate of casein degradation in UHT whole milk, and the total length of time estimated for its full degradation. With this aim, ten sets of samples were evaluated from batches of UHT milk manufactured by a dairy processing plant in Parana State, Brazil on 10 different days. Each set was comprised of one liter of raw milk and 12 units of 1 litre cartons of UHT milk, and represented one batch of production. Total mesophilic (TMC), psychrotrophic (TPC), and somatic cell counts (SCC) of raw milk were assessed. UHT milk was assessed for fat (%), sialic acid (mg/l), casein (%), and FFA contents. TMC ranged from 3·5 × 106 to 3·1 × 107 CFU/ml; TPC, from 106 UFC/ml and higher; and SCC, from 18 × 104 SC/ml to 4·83 × 105 CS/ml. Casein (r = -0·991; R2 = 0·9822) and FFA (r = 0·962; R2 = 0·9245) contents, and storage time of UHT milk were correlated (P < 0·05). The rate of casein hydrolysis was estimated as 0·021 g/100 g UHT whole milk/day. A complete breakdown of casein was estimated to occur by the 560th day post-manufacture. Although age gelation was not observed in our study, the report herein corroborates the understanding that the microbiological quality and SCC of raw milk are important components involving the integrity of casein and lipids of UHT milk during shelf-life.

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This study identified the association of management practices and herd characteristics with milk quality of bulk tanks in southeastern, Brazil. Milk samples were collected weekly during 8 weeks from 63 dairy herds. Bulk tanks were evaluated for total bacteria (TBC), preliminary incubation (PIC), pasteurization (PC), coliform (CC), and somatic cell counts (SCC). Associations found were type of milking system utilized in the farm with TBC, PIC, and SCC; the use of gloves for milking with TBC and PIC; sanitation of milking equipment prior to milking with PC and CC; strip cup testing of cows with PC; teat washing prior to milking with SCC; pre-milking teat disinfection with TBC and CC; post-dipping with TBC and SCC; and the alkaline-acid washing procedure of milking equipment with PIC and PC. The regression analysis explained the variation of bulk tank PC (- 0.47 log cfu/mL) due to the adoption of strip cup test (P = 0.036) and, by 0.366 log cfu/mL due to alkaline and acid washing of milking equipment (P = 0.036). Herringbone milking systems adopted on farms represented a change of - 0.11 log cfu/mL on the log SCC (P = 0.048). Findings may provide a guideline to prioritize efforts aimed at improving milk quality at the farm level in Brazil.

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BACKGROUND: Milk ethanol stability is not only associated with microbiological acidification, but is a phenomenon with many variables that influence the balance of soluble salts, mainly calcium ion activity. On this basis, we wanted to find out more about milk ethanol stability by studying its relationship with milk protein fractions and others major components. The influence of milk composition on ethanol stability was assessed through a predictive model comprising 180 individual raw milk samples. An additional model was used to assess the ethanol stability status as a response to the proteins fractions quantified by electrophoresis. RESULTS: Of the total samples, 68% were classified as stable and 32% as unstable to alcohol. Milk ethanol instability increased at low values of lactose content and high values of ash percentage. α-Lactalbumin (α-La) was also associated with ethanol stability, and the higher the α-La percentage the lower were the chances of ethanol instability. CONCLUSION: The lower values of α-La in unstable milk samples might be related to lower content of lactose, as α-La promotes lactose synthesis, a key component for the osmotic balance of milk and thus its ethanol stability. This is the first field report linking ethanol stability indirectly with α-La. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

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BACKGROUND: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is widely employed to determine the caseinomacropeptide (CMP) index and to detect milk tampering with rennet whey. Prior to HPLC analysis, CMP is subject to a trichloracetic acid isolation, causing further soluble proteins in the sample to precipitate. On this basis, we aimed to determine whether rennet whey acidification could adversely affect the HPLC sensitivity with respect to detecting this peptide. RESULTS: As hypothesized, the CMP index from milk with added acidified rennet whey was, on average, half that quantified from milk with added rennet whey. Moreover, the quantum satis of acidified whey added to milk sufficient to demonstrate a HPLC CMP > 30 mg L-1 was 94% greater than that required for this threshold to be reached with rennet whey. CONCLUSION: Milk tampering with acidified rennet whey may limit the analytical sensitivity of the reversed-phase HPLC employed for the screening of CMP and, ultimately, disguise the fraudulent addition of whey to milk. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Raw milk samples were collected from cooling tanks (after they cooled for 48 h) in five dairy farms and the corresponding bulk tank (bulk milk transportation, BMT) when they arrived to the industry. Routine physical chemical analyzes and quantification of psychrotrophic (Pseudomonas spp. and P. fluorescens) and aerobic mesophilic (AM) populations were performed. Only relative density and titratable acidity values for samples of milk from three farms were in agreement to the quality parameters required by law. In the BMT, only the protein content has not reached the minimum value established by law, and counting was performed for AM (>105 colony forming units (CFU) mL-1) and psychrotrophic bacteria (2.8x106CFU mL-1). Pseudomonas spp. counting corresponded to 17.9% of the psychrotrophic population, and P. fluorescens was 3.4% of Pseudomonas spp . count. In milk samples from dairy farms, counts were variable for AM (3.4x105 to 3.7 x107CFU mL-1), psychrotrophic (4.0x104 to 3.1x106CFU mL-1), Pseudomonas spp. (2.3x104 to 1.8x105CFU mL-1), and P. fluorescens (62 to 8.4x103CFU mL-1). For the populations studied, no statistical difference (P>0.05) was observed between counts reported in milk samples collected in dairy farms (cooling tanks) and BMT. Therefore, the genera Pseudomonas spp. and P. fluorescens were not the most frequent psychrotrophic bacteria in this studied milk transportation line.(AU)

Amostras de leite foram coletadas de tanques de refrigeração (após 48h de refrigeração) em cinco fazendas de produção e do respectivo caminhão tanque (leite de conjunto, LC) ao chegar à indústria beneficiadora. Análises físico químicas de rotina e quantificação das populações de bactérias psicrotróficas (Pseudomonas spp. e P. fluorescens) e aeróbios mesófilos (AM) foram realizadas. Apenas os valores de densidade relativa e acidez titulável de amostras de leite de três fazendas estavam de acordo com a legislação. No LC, apenas o teor de proteína não atingiu o valor mínimo estabelecido por lei, e a contagem foi realizada para AM (>105 unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) mL-1) e psicrotróficos (2,8x106UFC mL-1). A contagem de Pseudomonas spp. correspondeu a 17,9% da população de psicrotróficos, e 3,4% da contagem de Pseudomonas spp. eram da espécie P. fluorescens . Nas amostras de leite das fazendas de produtoras, as contagens foram variáveis para AM (3,4x105a 3,7x107UFC mL-1), psicrotróficos (4,0x104 a 3,1x106UFC mL-1), Pseudomonas spp. (2,3x104 a 1,8x105UFC mL-1) e P. fluorescens (62 a 8,4x103UFC mL-1). Para as populações estudadas, nenhuma diferença estatística (P>0,05) foi observada entre as contagens encontradas nas amostras de leite coletadas nas fazendas (tanques de resfriamento) e do LC. Portanto, o gênero Pseudomonas spp. e a espécie P. fluorescens não foram os psicrotróficos mais frequentes nesta linha de transporte de leite estudada.(AU)

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Raw milk samples were collected from cooling tanks (after they cooled for 48 h) in five dairy farms and the corresponding bulk tank (bulk milk transportation, BMT) when they arrived to the industry. Routine physical chemical analyzes and quantification of psychrotrophic (Pseudomonas spp. and P. fluorescens) and aerobic mesophilic (AM) populations were performed. Only relative density and titratable acidity values for samples of milk from three farms were in agreement to the quality parameters required by law. In the BMT, only the protein content has not reached the minimum value established by law, and counting was performed for AM (>105 colony forming units (CFU) mL-1) and psychrotrophic bacteria (2.8x106CFU mL-1). Pseudomonas spp. counting corresponded to 17.9% of the psychrotrophic population, and P. fluorescens was 3.4% of Pseudomonas spp . count. In milk samples from dairy farms, counts were variable for AM (3.4x105 to 3.7 x107CFU mL-1), psychrotrophic (4.0x104 to 3.1x106CFU mL-1), Pseudomonas spp. (2.3x104 to 1.8x105CFU mL-1), and P. fluorescens (62 to 8.4x103CFU mL-1). For the populations studied, no statistical difference (P>0.05) was observed between counts reported in milk samples collected in dairy farms (cooling tanks) and BMT. Therefore, the genera Pseudomonas spp. and P. fluorescens were not the most frequent psychrotrophic bacteria in this studied milk transportation line.

Amostras de leite foram coletadas de tanques de refrigeração (após 48h de refrigeração) em cinco fazendas de produção e do respectivo caminhão tanque (leite de conjunto, LC) ao chegar à indústria beneficiadora. Análises físico químicas de rotina e quantificação das populações de bactérias psicrotróficas (Pseudomonas spp. e P. fluorescens) e aeróbios mesófilos (AM) foram realizadas. Apenas os valores de densidade relativa e acidez titulável de amostras de leite de três fazendas estavam de acordo com a legislação. No LC, apenas o teor de proteína não atingiu o valor mínimo estabelecido por lei, e a contagem foi realizada para AM (>105 unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) mL-1) e psicrotróficos (2,8x106UFC mL-1). A contagem de Pseudomonas spp. correspondeu a 17,9% da população de psicrotróficos, e 3,4% da contagem de Pseudomonas spp. eram da espécie P. fluorescens . Nas amostras de leite das fazendas de produtoras, as contagens foram variáveis para AM (3,4x105a 3,7x107UFC mL-1), psicrotróficos (4,0x104 a 3,1x106UFC mL-1), Pseudomonas spp. (2,3x104 a 1,8x105UFC mL-1) e P. fluorescens (62 a 8,4x103UFC mL-1). Para as populações estudadas, nenhuma diferença estatística (P>0,05) foi observada entre as contagens encontradas nas amostras de leite coletadas nas fazendas (tanques de resfriamento) e do LC. Portanto, o gênero Pseudomonas spp. e a espécie P. fluorescens não foram os psicrotróficos mais frequentes nesta linha de transporte de leite estudada.

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ABSTRACT: Raw milk samples were collected from cooling tanks (after they cooled for 48 h) in five dairy farms and the corresponding bulk tank (bulk milk transportation, BMT) when they arrived to the industry. Routine physical chemical analyzes and quantification of psychrotrophic ( Pseudomonas spp. and P. fluorescens ) and aerobic mesophilic (AM) populations were performed. Only relative density and titratable acidity values for samples of milk from three farms were in agreement to the quality parameters required by law. In the BMT, only the protein content has not reached the minimum value established by law, and counting was performed for AM (>105 colony forming units (CFU) mL-1) and psychrotrophic bacteria (2.8x106CFU mL-1). Pseudomonas spp. counting corresponded to 17.9% of the psychrotrophic population, and P. fluorescens was 3.4% of Pseudomonas spp . count. In milk samples from dairy farms, counts were variable for AM (3.4x105 to 3.7 x107CFU mL-1), psychrotrophic (4.0x104 to 3.1x106CFU mL-1), Pseudomonas spp. (2.3x104 to 1.8x105CFU mL-1), and P. fluorescens (62 to 8.4x103CFU mL-1). For the populations studied, no statistical difference (P>0.05) was observed between counts reported in milk samples collected in dairy farms (cooling tanks) and BMT. Therefore, the genera Pseudomonas spp. and P. fluorescens were not the most frequent psychrotrophic bacteria in this studied milk transportation line.

RESUMO: Amostras de leite foram coletadas de tanques de refrigeração (após 48h de refrigeração) em cinco fazendas de produção e do respectivo caminhão tanque (leite de conjunto, LC) ao chegar à indústria beneficiadora. Análises físico químicas de rotina e quantificação das populações de bactérias psicrotróficas ( Pseudomonas spp. e P. fluorescens ) e aeróbios mesófilos (AM) foram realizadas. Apenas os valores de densidade relativa e acidez titulável de amostras de leite de três fazendas estavam de acordo com a legislação. No LC, apenas o teor de proteína não atingiu o valor mínimo estabelecido por lei, e a contagem foi realizada para AM (>105 unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) mL-1) e psicrotróficos (2,8x106UFC mL-1). A contagem de Pseudomonas spp. correspondeu a 17,9% da população de psicrotróficos, e 3,4% da contagem de Pseudomonas spp. eram da espécie P. fluorescens . Nas amostras de leite das fazendas de produtoras, as contagens foram variáveis para AM (3,4x105a 3,7x107UFC mL-1), psicrotróficos (4,0x104 a 3,1x106UFC mL-1), Pseudomonas spp. (2,3x104 a 1,8x105UFC mL-1) e P. fluorescens (62 a 8,4x103UFC mL-1). Para as populações estudadas, nenhuma diferença estatística (P>0,05) foi observada entre as contagens encontradas nas amostras de leite coletadas nas fazendas (tanques de resfriamento) e do LC. Portanto, o gênero Pseudomonas spp. e a espécie P. fluorescens não foram os psicrotróficos mais frequentes nesta linha de transporte de leite estudada.

RESUMO

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most prevalent infectious microorganism affecting dairy cattle worldwide, and its pathogenic characteristics facilitate its spread in dairy herds. S. aureus intramammary infections (IMI) are mainly subclinical, and associated losses can exceed average herd losses where the pathogen is not isolated. However, the extent it affects milk composition at udder and quarter levels is still unknown, and cow composite milk losses may be underestimated due to the dilution effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of S. aureus subclinical mastitis on mammary quarter milk yield and composition. In order to determine the effects of the pathogen on milk yield and composition at quarter level, a pairwise comparison of infected and non-infected mammary quarters (n = 28) from two dairy herds was carried out. Quarters were individually milked, and milk production and composition were assessed. S. aureus has increased somatic cell counts at quarter level; however, no effect of S. aureus IMI on milk lactose, fat, and protein contents was observed. Fat yield from infected quarters decreased, but losses due to the infection caused by S. aureus were not associated with quarter positioning in cows.

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Os objetivos do presente estudo foram os de verificar a validade do método de reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real (qPCR) para detectar e quantificar o Staphylococcus aureus em amostras de leite conservadas com bronopol oriundas de quartos mamários bovinos subclinicamente infectados, e de avaliar os efeitos da presença e da quantidade de células da bactéria sobre a contagem de células somáticas (CCS), a composição do leite (lactose, gordura, proteína bruta, proteína verdadeira e caseína), e a produção de leite de quartos mamários bovinos subclinicamente infectados pelo patógeno. Para a quantificação do S. aureus e das células somáticas bovinas por meio do qPCR, foi utilizado leite cru bovino para o preparo dos padrões como meio de diluição da inoculação seriada de células somáticas e do S. aureus ATCC 29213, e construídas as equações log10UFC = 37,86 23,54 log10CtSAU e log10CCS = 49,3 - 34,0 log10CtBMCB, com base nos resultados obtidos pelas metodologias de referência para cada procedimento. Para testar a equivalência dessas equações aos respectivos métodos de referência, determinar a sensibilidade e especificidade analíticas e a repetibilidade do método proposto, foram coletadas amostras de leite dos quartos mamários de 60 animais de 2 rebanhos leiteiros da região de Pirassununga dos quais se determinou previamente a ocorrência de casos subclínicos de mastite por S. aureus. Dos quartos mamários também foram mensuradas as produções e coletadas amostras de leite para análise de composição, diagnóstico da mastite, e determinação da sensibilidade e especificidade diagnósticas do procedimento de qPCR estabelecido no estudo. Cada amostra foi submetida à análise de composição, CCS, cultura microbiológica, contagem em placas do S. aureus, processadas para a extração do DNA genômico bovino e do S. aureus, e submetida à reação de qPCR. Para análise da concordância entre os resultados obtidos pelos métodos de referência para o diagnóstico da mastite por S. aureus e o de qPCR foi utilizado o teste Kappa. Para avaliação da equivalência das contagens obtidas pelos métodos de referência do S. aureus e de células somáticas bovinas, foi utilizado o teste das diferenças de Bland-Altman. Para a identificação do efeito da infecção subclínica pelo S. aureus sobre a composição e produção de leite do quarto mamário afetado foi utilizada a análise da variância num delineamento em parcelas subdivididas em faixas. Para estimar o grau de relação entre as contagens de S. aureus, a CCS, produção e composição do leite produzido pelo quarto mamário afetado foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. A correlação entre os resultados de contagem de células somáticas bovinas determinados pelos métodos de rotina e de qPCR para a quantificação de células somáticas apresentou coeficiente r = - 0,978 (P < 0,001). ...

The objectives of this study were to verify the validity of the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect and quantify Staphylococcus aureus in bronopol-preserved milk samples from subclinically infected mammary quarters, and to assess the effects of the presence and amount of the pathogen on the somatic cell count (SCC), the composition of milk and milk yield of bovine mammary quarters subclinically infected by the pathogen. In order to quantify S. aureus and bovine somatic cells through qPCR, raw bovine milk was used as a means of serial inoculation media of somatic cells and S. aureus ATCC 29213. From that, equations based on the reference methods for each procedure were built, log10UFC = 37,86 23,54 log10CtSAU and log10CCS = 49,3 - 34,0 log10CtBMCB, respectively. To test their equivalence with the reference methods, determine the analytical sensitivity and specificity, and repeatability of the proposed method, milk was sampled from quarters of 60 animals from two dairy herds in Pirassununga, where subclinical S. aureus mastitis cases had been previously diagnosed. Also, quarter milk yield had been measured and samples collected for milk composition analysis, diagnosis of mastitis, sensitivity and specificity of the procedure established in the study had been determined. Each sample was subjected to composition analysis, SCC, microbiological culture, plate counting of S. aureus, DNA extraction, and subjected to qPCR reaction. Agreement between results from reference methods and qPCR for the diagnosis of mastitis by S. aureus was assessed by Kappa test. Equivalence between S. aureus, SCC scores obtained by reference and qPCR was assessed with Bland-Altman procedures. The effect of S. aureus subclinical infection on milk composition and milk yield of affected quarters was measured using a strip plot design. To estimate the degree of relationship between the counts of S. aureus, SCC, yield and composition of the milk from affected quarters was assessed by the Pearson Correlation. Correlation between SCC determined by routine methods and qPCR was r = - 0.978 (P <0.001). Correlation between S. aureus ATCC 29213 determined by routine methods and qPCR was r = - 0.989 (P <0.001). Analytical specificity of qPCR to detect S. aureus in milk samples against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, coagulase-negative staphylococci and coagulase-positive species, Staphylococcus hyicus and Staphylococcus intermedius was 100%. The use of the qPCR to detect S. aureus ATCC 29213 in milk samples is replicable. Analytical sensitivity detection limit of the method ranged from 10 CFU/mL to 4.2 x 106 CFU/mL. S. aureus could be detected, but not quantified by qPCR in bronopol-conserved milk samples from subclin...

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The aim of this study was to estimate the concentration of milk true protein (TP) by mid-infrared absorbance method (MIR) in samples from bulk tank of dairy herds, and to determine the correlation between the results of TP of milk determined by Kjeldahl and MIR. Forty nine dairy herds were selected (17 Holstein, 6 Jersey and 26 Girolando) for monthly collections of samples from bulk tanks during the period of one year (284 samples). Fat, lactose, crude protein and total solids were firstly determined by MIR, and then analyzed for total and true protein by Kjeldahl method. The regression equation to estimate TP contents based on MIR crude protein determination was as follows: TP=0.0021+(1.0104xCP), where: TP is the content of true protein, CP is the crude protein content determined by the MIR method, and 0.0155 is the model error term.

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar o teor de proteína verdadeira (PV) do leite por meio de metodologia de espectroscopia na região do infravermelho médio (IVM), em amostras de tanque de rebanhos leiteiros comerciais, e determinar a correlação entre os resultados de proteína verdadeira do leite determinados pelo método de Kjeldahl e por IVM. Foram selecionados 49 rebanhos leiteiros (17 da raça Holandesa, seis da raça Jersey e 26 da raça Girolando) para coletas mensais de amostras de leite de tanque durante o período de um ano, totalizando 284 amostras analisadas. As amostras de leite foram analisadas inicialmente em relação aos teores de gordura, lactose, proteína bruta e sólidos totais por IVM, sendo em seguida analisadas quanto ao teor de PB e PV pelo método de Kjeldahl. A equação de regressão para estimativa do teor de PV com base nos teores de proteína bruta foi a seguinte: PV=0,0021+(1,0104xPB); em que: PV é o teor de proteína verdadeira estimado; PB é o teor de proteína bruta pelo método IVM e 0,0155 é o erro apresentado pelo modelo.

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O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da retirada mecânicadas células somáticas do leite cru sobre a taxa de lipólise durante o armazenamento refrigerado do leite pasteurizado. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi totalmente casualizado, com três repetições e arranjo fatorial de tratamentos 2 X 2 X 2, constituídos por dois nível de gordura do leite (desnatado e integral), dois níveis de contagem de células somáticas (CCS baixa - CCSB e CCS alta - CCSA), e pela aplicação ou não da microfiltração ao leite. Três lotes de leite cru CCSB (75.000 cél./mL) e CCSA (1.150.000 cél./mL) foram obtidos de vacas selecionadas e submetidos ao desnate centrífugo, à microfiltração em sistema a vácuo, sendo em seguida pasteurizados e armazenados por 21 dias sob refrigeração a 6ºC. Foram realizadas medidas repetidas no tempo, as quais corresponderam aos dias de coleta do leite pasteurizado durante o período de armazenamento (1, 7, 14 e 21). A microfiltração associada ao desnate foram eficazes na remoção das células somáticas do leite, com reduções de 92,5 e 99,5% para o leite CCSB e CCSA, respectivamente. A lipólise do leite aumentou em função do tempo de armazenamento e foi maior para o leite microfiltrado, contudo não sofreu influência da CCS. Independentemente da CCS, ocorreu aumento da lipólise do leite pasteurizado durante o período de armazenamento.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of raw milk somatic cell removal by microfiltration on lipolysis of pasteurized milk during refrigerated storage. A completely randomized design was used, with 3 repetitions and a 2 X 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments as follow: milk fat level (skimmed and whole milk), two different levels of somatic cell counts - low somatic cell count (LSCC) and high somatic cell count (HSCC) - and, use of microfiltration ornot. LSCC raw milk - 75,000 cells/ml - and HSCC raw milk - 1,150,000 cells/ml - were obtained from selected cows, skimmed and submitted to vacuum microfiltration. Milk from all treatments was pasteurized and kept refrigerated at 6ºC for 21 days. Repeated measures during storage time were taken from pasteurized milk at days 1, 7, 14 and 21. The application of milk microfiltration was efficient on somatic cell removal, with reduction of 92,5 and 99,5% for LSCC and HSCC,repectively. Lipolysis of milk was increased during storage period and was higher for milk submitted to icrofiltration, however no effect of SCC was observed. Lipolysis in pasteurized milk increased independently of SCC, during its refrigerated storage period.(AU)

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O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da retirada mecânicadas células somáticas do leite cru sobre a taxa de lipólise durante o armazenamento refrigerado do leite pasteurizado. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi totalmente casualizado, com três repetições e arranjo fatorial de tratamentos 2 X 2 X 2, constituídos por dois nível de gordura do leite (desnatado e integral), dois níveis de contagem de células somáticas (CCS baixa - CCSB e CCS alta - CCSA), e pela aplicação ou não da microfiltração ao leite. Três lotes de leite cru CCSB (75.000 cél./mL) e CCSA (1.150.000 cél./mL) foram obtidos de vacas selecionadas e submetidos ao desnate centrífugo, à microfiltração em sistema a vácuo, sendo em seguida pasteurizados e armazenados por 21 dias sob refrigeração a 6ºC. Foram realizadas medidas repetidas no tempo, as quais corresponderam aos dias de coleta do leite pasteurizado durante o período de armazenamento (1, 7, 14 e 21). A microfiltração associada ao desnate foram eficazes na remoção das células somáticas do leite, com reduções de 92,5 e 99,5% para o leite CCSB e CCSA, respectivamente. A lipólise do leite aumentou em função do tempo de armazenamento e foi maior para o leite microfiltrado, contudo não sofreu influência da CCS. Independentemente da CCS, ocorreu aumento da lipólise do leite pasteurizado durante o período de armazenamento.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of raw milk somatic cell removal by microfiltration on lipolysis of pasteurized milk during refrigerated storage. A completely randomized design was used, with 3 repetitions and a 2 X 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments as follow: milk fat level (skimmed and whole milk), two different levels of somatic cell counts - low somatic cell count (LSCC) and high somatic cell count (HSCC) - and, use of microfiltration ornot. LSCC raw milk - 75,000 cells/ml - and HSCC raw milk - 1,150,000 cells/ml - were obtained from selected cows, skimmed and submitted to vacuum microfiltration. Milk from all treatments was pasteurized and kept refrigerated at 6ºC for 21 days. Repeated measures during storage time were taken from pasteurized milk at days 1, 7, 14 and 21. The application of milk microfiltration was efficient on somatic cell removal, with reduction of 92,5 and 99,5% for LSCC and HSCC,repectively. Lipolysis of milk was increased during storage period and was higher for milk submitted to icrofiltration, however no effect of SCC was observed. Lipolysis in pasteurized milk increased independently of SCC, during its refrigerated storage period.

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RESUMO

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da retirada mecânica das células somáticas do leite cru sobre a composição e a proteólise durante o armazenamento refrigerado do leite pasteurizado. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos generalizados ao acaso, no qual foram considerados como blocos as repetições (n=3) e o nível de gordura do leite (desnatado e integral). Utilizou-se um arranjo fatorial de tratamento do tipo 2 x 2, constituído por: dois níveis de contagem de células somáticas - CCS (baixa e alta CCS) e pela aplicação ou não da microfiltração ao leite. Foram realizadas, ainda, medidas repetidas no tempo, as quais corresponderam aos dias de coleta do leite pasteurizado durante o período de armazenamento (1, 7, 14 e 21 dias). Os lotes de leite cru de alta (1.000.000cél. mL-1) e baixa (100.000cél. mL-1) CCS foram submetidos ao desnate centrífugo, à microfiltração em sistema a vácuo e, em seguida, os lotes de todos os tratamentos foram pasteurizados e armazenados por 21 dias sob refrigeração a 6°C. Não foi identificado efeito da microfiltração sobre a proteólise do leite, indicando que este tratamento não reduziu a taxa de proteólise do leite de alta CCS durante o período de armazenamento. Foi observado efeito significativo do tempo de armazenamento sobre a proteólise, indicando a manutenção de atividade proteolítica mesmo após a pasteurização do leite. Pode-se concluir que o leite com alta contagem de células somáticas apresenta maior taxa de proteólise durante o período de armazenamento que o leite de baixa contagem de células somáticas. A microfiltração como processo de retirada mecânica das células somáticas do leite não reduz a proteólise do leite durante o armazenamento.

This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of raw milk somatic cell removal by microfiltration on the composition and proteolysis during refrigerated storage of pasturized milk. A completely randomized block design was used, in which repetitions (n=3) and milk fat level (skimmed and whole milks) were considered as blocks. A 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used: milks with two different levels of somatic cell counts - low somatic cell count (LSCC) and high somatic cell count (HSCC) - and, microfiltration or not of milk. Repeated measures during storage time were taken from pasteurized milk at days 1, 7, 14 and 21. LSCC raw milk - 100,000cells mL-1 - and HSCC raw milk - 1,000,000cells mL-1 - were obtained from selected cows, skimmed and submitted to vacuum microfiltration. Milk was pasteurized and kept refrigerated at 6°C for 21 days. The application of milk microfiltration was efficient on somatic cell removal; however microfiltration had no effect on milk proteolysis which means the treatment did not reduce HSCC milk proteolysis rate during refrigerated storage. Significant effect of storage period on proteolysis was observed indicating that proteolytic activity remained despite milk pasteurization. HSCC milk proteolytic activity was 1,42 times higher than in LSCC milk, during the 21-day of refrigerated storage period. Based on the results of the study, HSCC milk shows a higher proteolytic activity than LSCC milk, during the 6°C-21 day storage period. Microfiltration, as a somatic cell removal process had no effect on decreasing proteolytic activity of pasteurized milk during the refrigerated storage period.